2020年中考英语之重点核心词汇详解专题15S字部(二)

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专题十五 S字部(二)

1. shout

v.&n.喊,高声呼叫

动词用法:表示“大声说,喊叫,呼喊”,shout at sb.对某人怒吼(带有愤怒感情色彩);shout to sb.对某人大喊大叫(仅描述大声叫喊这一动作,不带感情色彩);试比较:

I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.我听得很清楚,你不必大声叫喊。He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.他跑到司机那儿,冲他大叫大嚷起来。

名词用法:表示“(生气、疼痛、兴奋等的)喊叫(声),呼叫(声)”,可以和介词of连用。例如:Tom gave a shout of laughter when he saw them. 汤姆看见他们,发出一声大笑。

(2019,山东卷,短文填空)

"Fairy," he shouted, "take away this 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!"

2. show

n.表演;展示;展览(会);显示;v.给……看;出示;显示

词形变化:过去式showed,过去分词shown/showed

名词词组:on show在展出;talk show脱口秀;talent show才艺表演会;TV show电视节目

动词词组:show up露面;show off炫耀;show oneself露面;show sb. around (sth.)带某人参观/四处看看

名词用法:

○1表示“娱乐表演,演出”,或“(电视、广播的)节目”。例如:put on a show上演节目

○2表示“展览(会)”:an agricultural show 农业展览会

动词用法:

○1表示“给……看,出示”,及物动词,show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。例如:

The children proudly showed me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me). 孩子们自豪地给我看他们的礼物。

○2表示“指出,指给某人看”,可用于show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句。例如:

Show me which picture you drew. 指给我看哪张画是你画的。

○3表示“(提供事实,信息)表明,证明”,及物动词,可直接跟宾语,可跟双宾语,可接从句。例如:Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price. 数据显示价格上升了9%。

Research has shown us that people want not just low prices. 研究告诉我们,人们需要的不仅仅是低价格。

○4表示“(通过示范)教,演示;解说”,可用show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句结构。例如:

Can you show me how to do it? 你能教我怎么做吗?

(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________

34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.

A. although

B. because

C. if

(2019,山东卷,阅读A)Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.

3. shut

v.关上;封闭

词形变化:过去式shut,过去分词shut

关联词组:shut down停工,关闭;shut up住口;shut off切断,关掉;shut out关在外面

用法:

○1表示“(使)关上,(使)关闭”,可及物可不及物,常见于shut (sth.) behind sb.结构。例如:She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her. 她快步走进来,随手关上身后的门。

○2表示“(使)关门,停止营业”,可指暂时性或永久地关门。例如:

The post office shuts at 5 o’clock. 邮局五点钟关门。

He lost his job when they shut the factory. 他们把工厂关闭后,他失去了工作。

近义词:close v.关闭

(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light.

4. sick

adj.有病的,患病的;(想)呕吐的

关联词组:get sick生病了;sick leave病假;sick pay病假工资;be sick of对……感到厌恶

用法:

○1表示“生病的,患病的”,可做表语,可做定语;sick with得了……病。例如:

a sick child 生病的孩子;a sick animal 患病的动物

I have been sick with flu. 我感冒了。

He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。

○2be sick或feel sick表示“想呕吐”,“反胃,恶心,作呕”。例如:

As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick. 轮船一开动,我就感到恶心了。

词性转换:sickness n.疾病;呕吐

同义词:ill adj.生病的

(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick.

5. sight

n.情景;风景;视力

关联词组:at first sight咋一看,初看之下;out of sight看不见,在视野之外;lose one’s sight 失明;at the sight of一看见……就;catch sight of看到,瞥见

用法:

○1表示“视力,视觉”,例如:

Anne’s sight is very good for someone of her age. 安妮的视力对于她这个年龄的人来说算是非常好的。

○2表示“看到,看见”,指看见的动作,多以单数形式出现,常与of连用。例如:

Just the sight of him made her body shake. 一看到他,她就身体颤抖。

○3表示“景物,景象;名胜,景点”,指所见之物。例如:

As he reached the front door, he saw a strange sight. 他走到前门,看到了一个奇怪的景象。

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