精益生产手册中英文对照版
精益生产关键词中英文对照表
精益生产关键词中英文对照表1、标准化ATT actual take time,实际单件工时。
BPP best people practices,最佳人员准则。
E.T. element time ,基本动作周期。
IOM inspection operator method,操作视察方法。
IOS inspection operator summary,操作视察要领。
JES job element sheet,工作要素单。
Kaizen改善。
NVA non-value-added,非增值。
OC operation certification,操作认可。
PPE个人防护用具。
QFD quality function deployment,质量功能展开。
SIP standardised inspection process,标准化视察程序。
SOS standardized operation sheets,标准化操作单。
Std standardiszation,标准化。
TT takt time,单件工时。
WBS工作分解表。
2、制造质量andon暗灯。
APQP advanced production quality plan,产品质量前期策划。
audit基于抽样来确定供方文件化的质量体系实施有效性的现场验证活动。
BIQ built in quality,制造质量。
CT cycle time,周期时间。
DFMEA design failure mode and effects analysis,设计失效模式和后果分析。
FMEA failure mode and effects analysis,失效模式和后果分析。
FMS flexible manufacturing systems,柔性制造系统。
FPS fixed position stop,定点停。
FTA fault tree analysis,故障树分析。
FTQ first time quality,下线合格率。
精益生产-LineBalanceModels中英文版
控制过程变革和控制制定控制计划计算最终财务过程指标项目过渡给未来项目管理者项目鉴 别转化机会
测量
定义
项目编号工具项目定义表净现值分析内部回报率分析折算现金流分析 ？（按现值计算的现金流量分析）PIP管理过程RACIQuad 表
过程图价值分析脑力风暴投票归类法柏拉图因果图/鱼骨图FMEA查检表运行图控制图量具 R&R
Line Balance Model
学习目标
如何设计和实施由“线平衡模型”支持的一个流程以确保优化配置：人 地方固定资产材料知道如何使生产率最大化
Line Balance Model
What’s in It for Me?
Able to design and implement a balanced process lineUnderstand the issues in a typical process environment and how to impact those issues
Revised 1-12-02
Line Balance Model
精益6
过程改善流程
分析
控制
改进
定义选定题目列出客户从顾客之声中列出关建需求定出项目焦点和重要指标完成 PDF
测量绘制业务流程图绘制价值流程图制定数据收集计划测量系统分析收集数据过程能力分析
分析提出关键因子区分关键因子验证关键因子评枯每个关键因子对结果的影响量化机会根本原因排序寻找根本原因针对关键因子
Process MappingValue AnalysisBrainstormingMulti-Voting TechniquesPareto ChartsC&E/Fishbone DiagramsFMEACheck SheetsRun ChartsControl ChartsGage R&R
精益生产术语中英文版
1
Kaizen Workshop ETE (End to End) Goal 改善目标
Productivity Improvement 端到端(从头到尾)产能提高
Double the Good 好的加倍 Halve the Bad 坏的减半 Double the Speed 改善速度加倍 ETE Zero Defect (Quality, TPM, OEE & etc.) 端到端(从 头到尾)零缺陷（质量，全面生 产维护，全局设备利用率等） Defect : 缺陷降低90% Inventory : 库存减半 Productivity : 生产效率翻倍 Lead Time : 生产周期减半 Scrap : 报废降低90% Space : 面积减半
Customer Demand 客户需求 22 Hours x 20 days x 3600 s 792,000 1,584,000 792,000 2 sec pcs
•Takt Time calculation shall display all the variable and units to make clarity to all. 计算节拍时间时要显示所有变量及单位，便于大家理解。
No Std Work means no Kaizen … Std Work is the Mother of all Kaizen 没有标准作业就没有改善„„标准作业是改善之母
5
How to start the Takt Time Calculation Based On Customer Demand 怎样根据客户需求计算节拍时间 • Step 1: Calculate Takt time Based on Customer Demand
lean精益生产术语中英文版
X 1/10 X½ X2 X½
X 1/10 X½
Goaபைடு நூலகம் : Add Value & Eliminate Waste … Relentlessly for Our Customers 目标: 减少浪费&创造价值 全心全意为客户服务
No Money 不投入更多金钱 No Space 不占用更多面积 No Manpower 不使用更多人力
Key Note from Sensei: 老师的重要提示： • To understand the above WIP definitions, go to The Genba and perform your own work towards Establishing the right WIP quantities. This is the Only way you can understand the definition. 要理解WIP定义，你需要去到现场在工作中实践正确的WIP数量。 这是让你理解这个定义的唯一方法。
Various types of WIP in our manufacturing process 生产过程中存在各种类型的WIP
1. 2. 3. 4. Standard WIP Process WIP 标准WIP 制程WIP 制程与制程间WIP
Process To Process WIP
Station To Station WIP工位与工位间WIP
9
What is Standard WIP 什么是标准WIP • WIP means INVENTORY. INVENTORY is Basically ‘bad’.
WIP就是库存。库存从根本上说是“不好”的。
精益生产手册-中英文对照版本
8
Kaizen Template (Operations) GBE-KPO-4-001-00 Rev.15
What is Standard WIP 什么是标准WIP • WIP means INVENTORY. INVENTORY is Basically ‘bad’.
WIP就是库存。库存从根本上说是“不好”的。
Kaizen Template (Operations) GBE-KPO-4-001-00 Rev.15
3
3 Types of Standard Works 3种标准作业
Elements 要 素 Type 类型 Machine 机器 Man 人 Takt Time 节拍时间 Sequence 顺序 Standard WIP 标准在制品 Signal Trigerring 信号触发 Tools 工具 Examples 例子
5
Kaizen Template (Operations) GBE-KPO-4-001-00 Rev.15
How to start the Takt Time Calculation Based On Product and Process Design怎样根据产品和制程设计计算节拍时间
Step 2: Calculate Process Takt time Based on Product and Process Design
No Money 不投入更多金钱 No Space 不占用更多面积 No Manpower 不使用更多人力
2
Kaizen Template (Operations) GBE-KPO-4-001-00 Rev.15
Standard Work & Standard Combination Sheet 标准化作业 & 标准作业合并表
《精益生产手册》世界500强培训精益生产系列中英文版共61页
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。——西班牙 8、勇气通往天堂，怯懦通往地狱。——塞内加 9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
《精益生产手册》世界500强培训精 益生产系列中英文版
36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵， 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法， 总体上 来说， 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日，便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、朱 尼厄斯
Thank you
精益生产中英文互译
An outline of:Lean Thinking Banish Waste and Create Wealth in YourCorporationBy James P. Womack and Daniel T. JonesNew York, NY: Free Press, Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1996, Second Edition, 2003 Preface to the 2003 Edition. Forecasts are always wrong. That is why lean thinkersstrive to reduce order-to-delivery time. During the 2002 meltdown, this 1996 book went back on the Business Week bestseller list. We have added what we have learned since 1996 in this edition. Lean Thinking is more relevant today. Lean ideas are the single most powerful tool available for creating value and eliminating waste in any organization.Part I: Lean PrinciplesTaiichi Ohno (1912 – 1990), a Toyota executive, identified seven types of waste found in any process:• Transportation. Unnecessary transport of parts under production.• Inventory. Stacks of parts waiting to be completed or finished products waiting to be shipped.• Motion. Unnecessary movement of people working on products.• Waiting. Unnecessary waiting by people to begin the next step.• Over-Processing the product with extra steps.• Over-Production of products not needed.• Defects in the product.We have added an eighth waste: goods and services that do not meet the customer’s needs. Other authors have added: underutilization of peopleLean Thinking is the antidote to waste. There are (5) Lean Principles:• Specify Value. Value can be defined only by the ultimate customer. Value is distorted by pre-existing organizations, especially engineers and experts. They add complexity of no interest to the customer.• Identify the Value Stream. The Value Stream is all the actions needed to bring a product to the customer. If the melter, forger, machiner, and assembler never talk,duplicate steps will exist.• Flow. Make the value-creating steps flow. Eliminate departments that execute a single-task process on large batches.• Pull. Let the customer pull the product from you. Sell, one. Make one.• Pursue Perfection. There is no end to the process of reducing time, space, cost and mistakes.Lean is doing more with less. Use the least amount of effort, energy, equipment, time, facility space, materials, and capital – while giving customers exactly what they want.The Prize We Can Grasp Now. Converting a batch-and-queue system to continuous flow, with pull, will:Double labor productivity• Cut throughput time by 90%• Reduce inventory by 90%• Cut errors by 50%• Cut injuries1: ValueA House or a Hassle-Free Experience? Doyle Wilson Homebuilder found that customers “valued” a hassle-free design process and on-time delivery. All his processes were thenre-aligned to meet this goal.Define Value in Terms of the Whole Product. As the product flows, each firm defines value differently. Think of air travel. Each firm – agent, airline, taxi, currency exchange, customs, immigration – defines their own priorities, duplicates efforts, and works in disharmony with the whole process. The customer is not satisfied.2: The Value StreamThe View from the Aisle. A value stream “map” identifies every action to design, order, and make a specific product. Each step is then sorted into three categories: (1) those that add value, (2) those that add no value but are currently necessary, and (3) those that add no value and can be eliminated. After the third category has been eliminated, the second category should be addressed through flow, pull, and perfection techniques.The Value Stream for a Carton of Cola. The British grocery chain Tesco retails products with thousands of value streams. In the canned cola value stream, three hours of value-added activity take 319 days to perform.3: FlowThe World of Batch-and-Queue. Five-sixths of home-building is waiting for the next set of specialists or rework. Flow principles typically cut half the effort and the time required.The Techniques of Flow. The 1st step is to maintain focus on the product. The 2nd step is to ignore job boundaries and departments IOT remove impediments to continuous flow of the specific product. The 3rd step is to rethink work practices to eliminate backflow, scrap, and stoppages IOT make the product continuously.• Takt time synchronizes the rate of production to the rate of sales. (48) bikes per day sold divided by (8) hours of production = (6) bikes and hour, or (1) bike every tenminutes.• Flow requires all workers and machines to be capable at all times. This requires cross-training.• Flow requires workers to know the status of production at all times. This requires visual controls.• All activities can flow. Concentrate on the value stream for a specific product, eliminateorganizational barriers, and relocate and right-size tools.4: PullPull means that no one upstream should produce anything until the customer downstream asks for it. “Don’t make anything until it is needed, then make it very quickly.” “Sell one, buy one.” “Ship one, make one.”The Bad Old Days of Production. The Toyota bumper replacement system suffered long lead times. The ability to get parts quickly from the next upstream producer enabled re-orders in small amounts. This is the secret to reducing inventory. Cut lead times and inventories. Demand should instantly generate new supply.5: PerfectionThe Incremental Path. Freudenberg-NOK, a gasket manufacturer, improved a single process six times in three years. “Why didn’t they get is right the first time?” Because perfection is continuous.Continuous Radical and Incremental Improvement. If you are spending capital, you are doing it wrong. Once leaders understand the first four lean principles – value specification, value stream identification, flow, andpull – their perfection step starts with policy: a vision of the ideal process, and the step-wise goals and projects to get there. Transparency is everything. Everyone must know what you are attempting to achieve and what area is the first priority. The force behind this is the leader known as the change agent.Part II: From Thinking to Action: The Lean Leap6: The Simple CaseLantech manufacturers stretch wrap machines. “Process Villages” – Sawing department, Machining department, Welding department, Painting department, and Sub-assembly department – all generated long lead times. Batches of ten were manufactured to ship one. Inventory overwhelmed the factory. Order changes created havoc in the plant. “The more inventory yo u have, the less likely you will have the part you need.”• The Lean Revolution. Ron Hicks leaned Lantech. He created four cells, one for each product. He defined standard work: on time, on spec, every time. Takt time wasintroduced: number of products needed per day divided by number of hours (8/8 = 1hour). He right-sized machines to fit inside work cells. He implemented quickchangeover to make multiple different parts with little machine downtime.• Result. Lantech cut 30% excess space, doubled product output, cut defects from 8 per product to 0.8 per product, and cut lead time from sixteen weeks to fourteen hours.On-time shipping rose from 20 to 90%.7: A Harder CaseThe Change Agent. Art Byrne was hired as CEO of Wiremold in 1991. “CEOs are timid to change the shop floor.” Byrne led lean training using a manual he wrote himself. He led toursof the plant to observe waste that his managers were now able to see.• Improvements Must be Fast. Three days was Byrne’s standard.• Post a Scorecard for Each Product Team. Wiremold tracked: Productivity – sales per employee, Service – percent delivered on-time, Inventory – turns, and Quality –mistakes.• Teach People How to See. Create a lean training function. Teach all employees the five principles of lean: Value, Value Stream, Flow, Pull, and Perfection. Teach allemployees lean techniques: standard work, takt time, visual control, pull scheduling,and single-piece flow.• Results. Wiremold freed 50% factory floor space, eliminated a warehouse, and converted $11M of inventory into $24M in sales. Lead time fell from four weeks totwo days.8: The Acid TestPratt & Whitney (P&W). In 1991, CEO Karl Krapek and cost-cutter Mark Coran leanedP&W.• Jet Engines. Founded in 1860, P&W led the aircraft engine business by 1929. When they abandoned piston engines to gamble on jets in 1946, business soared. Production inefficiencies were overlooked.• Overcapacity. Faced with competition in the 1980s, P&W rationalized plant layout and addressed development costs. They needed lower production costs and flexibility toreact to customer needs. Why did P&W need so much space, tools, inventory andpeople to get so little done? Daily output of engines and spare parts could fit insideCEO’s office. Failure to manage ass ets. P&W cut people, cut managers, andoverhauled their entire production culture and processes.• The Monument of all Monuments. A “monument” is a machine or process too big to be moved and whose scale requires operating in batch mode. Monuments are evil, generating huge amounts of waste. P&W had an $80M grinding system, representing obsolete thinking. Although speeding up grinding from 75 minutes to 3 minutes and eliminating multiple manual grinding jobs, in actuality grinding jobs took longer (due to eight-hour changeovers and batch scheduling), and required more people (22 computer technicians). P&W retired the $80M monument, returned to 75-minute production.9: Lean Thinking versus German TechnikPorche. Chairman Wendelin Wiedeking introduced lean thinking to Porche. In 1994, the first-ever Porsche rolled off the line with nothing wrong with it.• Engineers. Porche is led by engineers, intrigued with unique solutions that are difficult to manufacture. Workers are craftsmen. Unfortunately, much craftsmanship is waste.Tinkering with the product – repairing and polishing raw materials, troubleshooting,re-assembling elements, repainting and re-fitting – were thought to be necessaryactivities to produce a high-quality product.• Crisis. 1986 was the boom year. 1992 was the crash. Porche products were tooexpensive. Costs and throughput time had to be slashed. New quality focus: “Stopfixing mistakes that should never have been made.” Reduction in inventory: “Whereis the factory? This is the warehouse!”• Just-in-Time (JIT) Game. Porche asked all their suppliers to play a simulation to learn lean concepts. Lean concepts were critical across all firms contributing to the Porche value stream.• The Remarkable Lean Transition at Porche. In five years, through 1997, Porch doubled its productivity, cut manufacturing space in half, cut lead time for a finished vehicle from six weeks to three days, cut supplier defects 90%, cut inventories 90%,and cut first-time-through errors by 55%.• The German Tradition. The Germans need to stop prioritizing the engineer’s definition of value, “voice of the engineer,” over the customer’s definition of value,“voice of the customer.” A German weakness is a fondness for monster machines that produce large batches: paint booths are an example.• Variety and Refinement Cost. Volkswagen makes four exterior mirrors, nineteen parts each, in seventeen colors. Nissan has four-part mirrors in four colors. Excess varietyoften exceeds the ability of the customer to notice, and his willingness to pay.10: Mighty Toyota; Tiny ShowaShowa has been transformed by its relationship with Toyota. Showa, a radiator manufacturer, had “Process villages” for casting, cleaning, stamping, welding, painting and assembly. Each was run in batch mode with long intervals between tool changes. Mountains of parts were transported and stored between steps.• The Initial Struggle. Taiichi Ohno, lean advisor, promised to reduce three months ofinventory to three days, double labor productivity, and halve plant space for zerocapital investment. This he did.• The Final Element: Rethinking Order-Taking and Scheduling. Showa then leanedorder-taking by scheduling backwards, working to takt time, to synchronize orderswith production slots, exactly four days before shipment time. Orders with incorrectinformation were never passed along.• Toyota Today. Lesson: high-tech automation only works if the plant can run at 100percent output and if the cost of indirect technical support and high-tech tools is lessthan the cost of direct labor saved.Part III: Lean Enterprise11: A Channel for the Stream; a Valley for the ChannelThe Lean Enterprise. No one watches the performance of the whole value stream. Identify all actions to bring a product to the customer, across all firms. There is no privacy. Eachfirm’s costs become transparent.12: Dreaming About PerfectionLong-Distance Travel. Each organization ignores the role of the other parties. The time, cost, and comfort of the total trip are key performance measures. What would travel times be without queues?Construction. 80% of home building is hurry-up and wait, then re-working the construction errors.The Prize We Can Grasp Right Now. Lean thinking can boost productivity while reducing errors, inventories, accidents, space requirements, production lead times, and costs in general. Lean thinking requires little capital.Part IV: Epilogue13: A Steady Advance of Lean ThinkingThis chapter an updated review of Wiremold, Toyota, Porsche, Lantech, and Pratt & Whitney.14: Institutionalizing the RevolutionAn Enhanced Action Plan is the 2003 update to the 1996 plan from Chapter 11.Getting Started [Months 1 – 6]• Find a Change Agent with ability and authority.• Get the Knowledge through an advisor. Start at the big picture before addressing small steps.• Seize a Crisis or create one. Focus on fixing an obvious problem. Small wins. Don’t spend money.• Map your current value streams. Managers need to see. Map also the flow of information going upstream to create a closed circuit. See Rother and Shook, Leaning to See, 1998.• Analyze each step of the Current State. Does this step create value? Is this step capable, available, flexible? Is capacity sufficient? Excessive? Does theinformation flow from the customer smoothly? Every process has a box score:total lead time, value creating time, changeover time, uptime, rework, inventory,every part made every x minutes. If this step went away, what would happen?• Envision the Future State. Draw it.• Begin as soon as possible with an important, visible activity. Convert managers with hand-on activity.• Demand Immediate Results. Everyone should see results which create psychological momentum. One week: less planning, more doing. Identify the waste and remove it.Communicate with your people by showing results at the scene of action.Creating an Organization to Channel Your Streams [Months 6 – 24]• Reorganize Your Firm by product and value streams. Put a Change Agent in charge of each product.• Create a Lean Promotion Team.• Deal with Excess People Early.• Devise a Growth Strategy.• Remove the Anchor Draggers.• When You’ve Fixed Something, Fix It Again.• New: Convince Your Suppliers and Customers to Take the Steps Just Described.Install Business Systems to Encourage Lean Thinking [Months 24 – 48]Create new ways to keep score.• Create new ways to reward people.• Make everything transparent so everyone can see progress.• Teach lean. Learn lean.• Right-size Your Tools to insert directly into the value stream. Large and fast is more efficient but less effective. This wrong assumption is the cornerstone ofbatch-and-queue thinking.• Pay a bonus. Tie bonus amount to the profitability of the firm.Completing the Transformation [Months 48 – 60] Convert to bottom-up initiatives. Lean ideas are democratic and not top-down. Layers of management can be stripped away.New: Convert From Top-Down Leadership to Bottom-Up Initiatives. Toyota gets brilliant results from average managers using brilliant procedures. Competitors get mediocre results from b rilliant managers using mediocre procedures. Don’t search for brilliant managers. Perfect your processes.Reviewer’s CommentsIn 1988 James Womack first described Toyota as a “lean” corporation. Womack and co-writer Daniel Jones described the Toyota Production System (TPS) in The Machine That Changed the World. In 1990, the two toured companies in Europe, North American, and Japan presenting ideas on how to convert mass production practices to lean practices. Lean Thinking, first published in 1996, is a survey of the lean movement. It clearly describes the waste found in mass production, explains the five principles of lean thinking, and then draws lessons from real companies who have successfully implemented lean ideas. Lean Thinking is not a technical how-to text on production, but an enlightened overview of top-level lean ideas and applications. This updated edition includes lessons that the authors have collected between 1996 and 2003, especially the concept of a lean enterprise – a collection of companies working lean together to produce a single product with the least wasted effort and capital. The book is well-written, researched, and organized, and the authors make a strong case that lean is universal and will benefit any organization in any endeavor. Lean thinking and practices are the single most powerful tool for eliminating waste in any organization.中文翻译概述精益思想去除浪费，并在贵公司创造财富由詹姆斯P.沃麦克和丹尼尔T.琼斯纽约编写，纽约：自由出版社，西蒙与舒斯特公司，1996年。
精益生产-Value_Add_Improvement(中英文对照
Define
• •
Measure
• •
Analyze
• • • • • • • • •
Improve
• •
Control
• •
•
• • • •
•
Project ID Tools Project Definition Form Net Present Value Analysis Internal Rate of Return Analysis Discounted Cash Flow Analysis PIP Management Process RACI Quad Charts
Value Add Improvement
5
学习目的
Control
了解增值时间的真正定义
学会如何在实际操作中改善增值时间 增值时间的改进是如何影响批量大小以及工作站周期时间的
Value Add Improvement
6
What’s in It for Me?
Control
Able to define value add time
Lean Six Sigma Activities Concentrate Here
Traditional Improvement Activities Concentrate Here
Value Added Time Non-Value Added Time
Value Add Improvement
3
精益6 过程改善流程
定义
• • • • •
Control
测量
• • • • • •
分析
• • • • •
改进
《精益生产手册》世界500强培训精益生产系列中英文版共61页
谢谢！
51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
55、 为 中 华 之 崛起而 读书。 ——周 恩来
《精益生产手册》世界500强培训精 益为 了城墙 而战斗 一样。 ——赫 拉克利 特 17、人类对于不公正的行为加以指责 ，并非 因为他 们愿意 做出这 种行为 ，而是 惟恐自 己会成 为这种 行为的 牺牲者 。—— 柏拉图 18、制定法律法令，就是为了不让强 者做什 么事都 横行霸 道。— —奥维 德 19、法律是社会的习惯和思想的结晶 。—— 托·伍·威尔逊 20、人们嘴上挂着的法律，其真实含 义是财 富。— —爱献 生