英语中的就近原则和就远原则

由下列词语连接的并列主语：

"there be+句型；but; not only …either but

also"

… or ；neither …

等。

nor ；

whether …

or ；not …

① What he does

卜1丁［\ 二^ ¥

or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈

都与我无关

② Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③ Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责

备。

④ Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不仅你错了，他也错了。

(b) 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

①

In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .

在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

② There is

和几本书。

(are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支钢笔

就远原则.

就远原则就是依主语来决定,有

as much as. rather than. more than. no less than. as well as. in addition to. with. etc...

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道、就近原则：

由or, either

主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

,or, neither , or, not , but ,, not only , but also 等连接的并列成分作

He or I am in the wrong, 他或是我错了。

Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。

Not you but I am to blame. 不该怪你而该怪我。

Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

但在非正式文体中，有时也一律用复数谓语（注：在考试时最好避免使用）。如：

Neither Ted nor Mark are wrong. 特德和马克都没有错。

If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 大卫或珍妮特来了的话，

是会要喝酒的。

二、就远原则

当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with 等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原

则” ）。如：

Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。

A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。

John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到

责备。

Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。

My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan.

我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。