[2010_06_03] Last in class 南非教育世界倒数 - 专题 Special Reports

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2010年南非世界杯足球赛黄牌判罚统计分析

ｃｒｕｉｅ．Ａｅｓｃｎａ．４ｅｏａｄｅｓｏｅ（ｉｏｔｘａｉ）ｈｅｙｌｗｃｄｐｎｈａｄｐｎｓｄｔｈｏｄｈｌ１９ｙｌｗｃｓａｗｄｗｔｕｔ —ｔｈｔｅｆｌｒｒｈｈｅｒｍｅ．Ｔｅｏａｕｉ．ｌｒｓ
ｖｅｉｗ．ｔｉａｅｔｄｅｈｅｌｗｃｒｓｐｎｓｍｅｔｉ９ｈＳｕｈＡｒａＦＦｏｌｕｎ２１．Ｔｅｒｓｌｈｓｐｐｒｓｕｉｓｔｅｙｌａｄｕｉｈｎｎ１ｔｏｔｆｃＩＡＷｒｄＣｐｉ００ｏｉｈｅｕｔ
２１００年国际足联第１９届世界杯共有来自五大洲的３２支
参赛国代表队，全部比赛小组共计６４场。本届杯赛共判罚红黄牌２８张，７其中黄牌２１，６张直接判罚红牌９张，单场比赛一名运动员累计两张黄牌，出示红牌罚出场８张，被没有计算红牌总数内，但计算在裁判员出示的红黄牌总数中。其中黄牌平均每场４０，．８红牌数场均０１。参赛队伍中场均被判罚黄．４张牌数最高的为智利队，场均３７张；队伍中场均被判罚黄．５参赛牌数最低的为朝鲜队，场均０６．７张；冠军队西班牙队场均被判罚黄牌数为１１，３．４张在２支队伍中排在倒数第二位。
的红黄牌判罚区域及其犯规特征的分析研究，旨在揭示本届世
球场分为前中、前边、中路、中边、中、后后边６个区域（。图）
进攻方向
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2010年南非世界杯亚洲区预选赛

2010年南非世界杯亚洲区预选赛2010南非世界杯海报北京时间7月27日上午，亚足联竞赛委员会召开会议，正式决定了2010年南非世界杯亚洲区预选赛竞赛方案。

除了参加德国世界杯的五个参赛队澳大利亚、日本、韩国、伊朗、沙特之外，包括中国队在内的其他所有38支球队必须参加资格赛，而整个亚洲区的预选赛赛程也被分成了三个阶段，从资格赛到小组赛再到最后的十强赛。

第一阶段资格赛(2007年10月-11月)报名参加南非世界杯预选赛的亚洲球队共43支，除德国世界杯五个参赛队澳大利亚、韩国、伊朗、日本、沙特外，其他38队全部参加资格赛。

资格赛第一轮：第25位的球队至第43位的19支队伍为一个组(假设为A组)，排名第24位至第5位的19支队伍为另一个组(假设为B组)，通过抽签仪式，从A组中抽出一队，与B组中的一队对阵，进行主客场淘汰赛。

比赛在今年10月份进行。

由于中国队排名第10位，将参加首轮比赛。

而且将在B组，对手肯定相对较弱，闯过这一关应该不会有问题。

资格赛第二轮：在通过资格赛第一轮的19支队伍中，按照上届世界杯赛的成绩，排名最后8位的队伍，倒数第一到倒数第四的4队为一个组(假设为C组)，倒数第五到第一的4队为另外一个组(假设为D组)，从C、D组中各抽出一支队伍对阵，进行主客场淘汰赛。

获胜的四支球队将获得2008年第二阶段小组赛的参赛资格。

而排名前11位的队伍，将在一轮轮空，而直接进入2008年开始的正赛。

中国队因为在亚洲43队中总排名第10位，在需要参加资格赛的38支队伍中排名地5位，将无需参加这一轮的比赛。

第二阶段资格赛(2008年2月开始)2007年11月23日，这15支通过资格赛的球队，再加上5支世界杯参赛队，共20支球队将参加在南非德班举行的世界杯预选赛分组抽签仪式。

届时，这20支球队分为五个小组，5支德国世界杯参赛队为种子队，每组4队进行主客场循环赛，小组前两名出线，最终10支球队获十强赛资格。

第三阶段十强赛2009年，10支球队分成两组，每组5队进行主客场循环赛。

六年级作文之小学英语作文大全100篇

小学英语作文大全100篇【篇一：小学英语作文大全】小学英语常见的作文1、根据下面提供的内容，写一篇英语短文。

要求语句通顺，条理清楚，字数不少于 50 个单词。

amy 是个美国女孩，六年级学生，十二岁。

她向别人自我介绍，并介绍她的家庭。

她有个双胞胎姐姐，爸爸是医生，妈妈是老师，她非常爱他们，他们也很爱她。

my name is amy. i’m 12 years old. i come from us. i am an english girl. i am astudent. i am in grade six. i like my teacher. her english is good. there are fourpeople in my family. i have a twin sister. my father is a doctor. my mother is a teacher. i love them very much. they love me, too.4、题目： my net friend〔我的网友〕要求：1.条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确，书写清晰、标准；2．要将提示词全部表达在作文中；不得少于 50 个单词。

提示词：〔1〕computer 〔2〕net friend(3) talk with each other(互相交谈)(4) in the chat room (在聊天室) 〔5〕talk in english (用英语交谈) 〔6〕good nowmy net friendi am tony. i have a computer. i have a new friend. his name is jack. he is 12years old. he is a student. we often talk with each other in the chat room. we talk inenglish. my english is good now. he is a good boy. i like him very much. do youwant to have a net friend?5、提示：根据下面所给出的这张 ann 的小名片，以“我的好朋友”为题，写一篇小短文，介绍 ann 的基本情况。

world bank 2021教育报告

world bank 2021教育报告
世界银行2021年发布了一份名为《全球教育危机现状：复苏之路》的报告。

该报告由联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）、联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）以及世界银行联合发布，以“恢复2021教育”为使命，对全球教育系统进行了严格的监测和评估。

报告中讨论了一系列恢复学习的政策行动，以防止这一代学生在学习和生产力方面遭受永久性损失，并将这场危机作为重新发展教育的机会，使教育体系更加公平、高效、有韧性。

其中提到了疫情对非洲各国教育的影响。

例如南非小学低年级学生2020年的平均缺课率高达60%，在阅读方面遭受学习损失严重，其中二年级学生
全年损失57%-70%的学习时间，四年级学生全年损失62%-81%的学习时间。

如需获取更多关于该报告的信息，建议前往世界银行官网进行查询。

南非：教师匮乏,渐露端倪

评很多学校进行的“ 全语教学法” 只
一
个慷慨的出价，实际是在“ 猎” 偷。
南非教育部指出：如果有足够
要求让儿童置身于丰富的语言环
境，而没有关于字母体系以及字的未受雇佣教师和未充分就业的教空手道场内，几位父亲在观看孩子母— —声音之间关系的具体教学。师，可以消除预期的危机．决教就解们练习，阐述着自己的育儿理念：
庭版去年创刊，其理念是 “ 父亲的以
日本文部科学省指出：２０视角看家庭 ” 创刊号一经推出即告从０７，年开始每年实施全国学力测试。全售罄。国学力测试曾于１５９５年到１６９６年
（新华每日电ｉ）０６年６月《￣）０２
日本 “ 育爸爸＂教越来越多
如今越来越多的“ 育爸爸 ” 教正
进行解码，它只会使学生苦苦挣扎。临的另一危机是—— 海外工作的吸关于“ 字读音教学法” “ 看和全引力。虽然联邦教育部长们已经签语教学法” 的研究去年就开始了。一署了协议，阻止教师由穷国流向富个由卓越人员组成的研究小组包括国这种带破坏性的流动。但是欧盟澳大利亚的研究者、心理学家、言并没有采取类似的措施，一些国家语
《州人》布了该报告，澳公该报师短缺问题。 “ 要培养他们不服输的精神。” 当他告要求对于每个儿童从开始上学时（比较教育）０６年第３）《）０２期

英语阅读理解五篇及答案(一)

英语阅读理解五篇及答案（一）第一篇This new school year is especially for some elementary school students in Auckland,New Zealand.They became the world’s first kids to be“taught” by a digital teacher.Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom,Will—the digital teacher,is just an avatar that appears on the student’s desktop,or smartphone screen,when ordered to come.Just like humans,Will is able to instantly react to the students’responses to the topic.He not only responds to the kids’questions,but also picks up no n-verbal cues.For instance,if a student smiles at Will,he responds by smiling back.This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students’attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement,and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a new way to cat ch the attention of the next generation.He says,“1have a lot of hope in the technology.However,regardless of how popular it becomes.Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.1.What was special some elementary school students in Auckland? （）A.This was a new school yearB.They saw something digitalC.They have new desktopD.A digital teacher taught them2.From the passage we know that ______.A.Will cannot respond to the kids’ questionsB.Will can hardly pick up non-verbal cuesC.Will is very popular with the studentsD.it is unlikely for Will to capture children’ attention3.What is the benefit of this two-way interaction? ( )A.It can smile backB.It can use microphoneC.It can talk any topicD.It can change if necessary4.What’s Ravishankar’s attitude to Will’s replacing Human educators soon?（）A.DisapprovingB.DiffidentC.OptimisticD.Unclear5.What might be the best title for the passage?（）A.Shortage of Human TeachersB.World-first Digital TeachersC.A New School YearD.New Contributes to Education第二篇A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans neighbors.On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energyand a major polluter of the environment.As a result,they are turning to clothe slines as part of the“what-I-can do environmentalism.”______Arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at.They have persuaded Homeowners Associations（HOAs）across the US to ban outdoor clotheslines,because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value inthe neighborhood.This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect people’s right to use clotheslines.So far,only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be more.Matt Reck,37,is the kind of eco-conscious person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants.His family also uses a clothesline,but on July9,2007,the HOA in Wake Forest,North Carolina,told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline.The Recks paid no attention to the warming,and sill dried their clothes on a line in the yard.“Many people say they are envi ronmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands.”saysReck.The local HOA has decided not to take any action,unless more neighbors come to them.North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do.But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods.They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers,housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary,and in view of global warming,that idea needs to change.As they say,“The clothesline is beautiful.Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged.We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.”1.One of the reasons why supporters of clothes dryers are trying t o ban clothesline drying is that ______.A.clothes dryers are more efficientB.clothesline drying reduces home valueC.clothes dryers are energy-savingD.clothesline drying is not allowed in most US states2.Which of following is the most suitable to be put in the blank a t the beginning of Paragraph 3?A.On the other side are people who are against drying clothes.B.Some other people dry their clothes on a line in the yard.C.Moreover, some environmentally friendly Americans prefer saving energy.D.Besides outdoor clotheslines should not be allowed to use in the yard.3.Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A.He is an impolite man.B.He is a kind-hearted man.C.He is an experienced gardener.D.He is a man of social responsibility.4.Who are in favor of clothesline drying?A.Housing businessesB.EnvironmentalistsC.Homeowners AssociationsD.Reck’s dissatisfied neighbors5.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Clothesline drying a way to save energy and money.B.Clothesline drying a lost art rediscovered.C.Opposite opinions on clothesline drying.D.Different varieties of clotheslines.第三篇On a hot day in Alexander City, Alabama, summer school was in full swing. Two girls were reading "Julius Caesar" as two others wrestled with maths. A boy worked his way through a psychology quiz, and a teacher monitored an online discussion with students from around the state: Was Napoleon the last enlightened despot(专制君主）or the first modern dictator?This is not a traditional classroom scene, but it has become common enough in Alabama. The state has many small, rural schools. Because of their size, and the relative scarcity of specialized teachers, course offerings have been limited. Students might have had to choose between chemistry or physics, or stop after two years of Spanish. But thanks to an innovative experiment with online education, the picture has changed dramatically.In 2005, the governor, Bob Riley, announced a pilot programme called Alabama Connecting Classrooms Educators and Students Statewide, or ACCESS. The idea was to use internet and videoconferencing technology to link students in one town to teachers in another. It was something of a pet cause for Mr. Riley, who comes from a rural county himself. He was especially keen that students should have a chance to learn Chinese.There were skeptics. The pilot programme cost $10 million, not pocket change in a poor state. Teachers worried about how they would connect totheir virtual students. But ACCESS quickly became a hit. In 2006, students took more than 4, 000 courses at 24 schools. In 2008, with ACCESS now in more schools, the number exceeded 22,000. Administrators are finding new ways to live up the experience. Last year a dozen schools went on a "virtual field trip" to Antarctica, with scientists beamed in by satellite, and a school in Birmingham has been liaising(取得联系）with a counterpart in Wales.As for the goal of leveling the academic playing field, the state is pleased so far. Joe Morton, the state superintendent of schools, points to the number of black students taking AP courses. In 2003, according to the College Board, just 4.5% of Alabama’s successful AP students (those who passed the subject exam) were black. In 2008, the number was up to 7.1%. There is still a big gap — almost a third of the state’s students are black — but the improvement in Alabama was the largest in the country over that period. "That makes it all worthwhile right there," says Mr. Morton.1.Why summer school is popular in Alabama?A.Because there are many rural schools in this state.B.Because there are not enough skilled teachers in this state.C.Because the online education made it possible.D.Because the courses for students are limited in number.2.What's Bob Riley's view about the ACCESS?A.It is not practical in the rural areas.D.It was set up for Chinese learning.C.It only connects part of the schools in Alabama.D.It can link the students and teachers in different towns.3.The "virtual field trip" is mentioned by the author to _____.A.indicate the government's efforts on ACCESSB.show that the ACCESS is costlyC.declare teachers worries on ACCESSD.point out the difficulties on ACCESS4.What can we learn about the effect of providing a fair academic atmosphere?A.There is little change by now since the implement of ACCESS.B.The black students have got benefits from this programme.C.The efforts devoted on ACCESS were not deserved.D.Almost a third of the students in Alabama have the education chance.5.It can be concluded from the whole passage that online education _____.A.is a cheap plan to AlabamaB.is not practical in AlabamaC.can improve the education qualityD.has been available to all American states第四篇Extinction has recently become a catchword（时髦话）. Every day entire species of plants and animals die out，and for the first time in history this is due to the actions of just one species: humans. We already know about five mass extinctions，and now a sixth seems to be under way. This one is different，because it is man-made. Deforestation（毁林）of the rain forests is just one aspect of the phenomenon. Most people may have heard about that，but few people know that most of the species existing in the rain forests have never been described by science. Often，they die out before we ever know they existed. Nobody can tell what treasures we lose，perhaps a cure for cancer or other modern-day diseasesWorld-famous Harvard professor Edward O. Wilson examines life on our planet in his book The Diversity （多样性）of Life. He doesn’t lecture his readers，but states in a matter-of-fact way what is known about the Earths past and the impact of mankind on its plant and animal life. Meanwhile，he suggests solutions for the present crisis.If you are interested in the future of planet Earth and want to learn to see the bigger picture，this is the book for you. This is no light bedtime reading and will probably leave you feeling uneasy. However，it’s important for people living in the 21st century to think about how we can pass at least part of thisdiversity on to our children. Recent research shows that Earth needs about 10 million years to restore the lost diversity of species after a great crisis. Ten million years are not much in terms of the life of a planet，but the period is way too long for mankind. Wilson’s book should help us to start a process of reconsideration.1.Judging from the context，what does the word “extinction” （Line 1，Para 1）mean?Dying out of an entire species.Killing of wild animals by man.Deforestation of the rain forest.Death of many plants and animals.2.Why is the present mass extinction different from the five previous ones?Because it is larger in scale.Because it is caused by man.Because the lost diversity can never be restored.Because it threatens the very existence of humans.3.How long does the Earth need to restore the lost diversity of species after a great crisis according to recent research?About 10 million years.21 centuries.A life-long time.It could never be restored.4.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.now there are more species on our planet than before.every plant or animal is described in the book The Diversity of Life.without man’s interference every species would have survived.many species lived and died without ever being noticed by man.5.What is the chief purpose of Edward O. Wilson in writing the book The Diversity of Life?To provide readers with some interesting bedtime reading.To help specialists do research on plant and animal life.To arouse readers’ interest in the history of our planet.To remind us of the urgency of preserving the diversity of life.第五篇Chinese people are very hospitable and like to treat friends or business partners to a sumptuous dinner to show their hospitality and sincerity. Such dinners are important for Chinese, and many business deals are settled there.The seating arrangement is very particular, but may differ from place to place.Generally, the table for a banquet is round. The head seat is the central one that faces the entrance door, and this is normally where the host sits. Sometimes it can also be reserved for the guest who is either the eldest, the most important, or holds the highest rank.The seat on the immediate right is for the honored guest, and the seat on the immediate left is for the second guest. The seating arrangement usually follows two principals: one relates to the distance to the head seat, and the other gives priority to seats on the right.The seat opposite the head seat is usually taken by a person from the hosting group: sometimes it suggests that the person who is seated there will pay for the dinner.In a Chinese dinner, keeping the balance between the proportion of meat and vegetable dishes is viewed a a given. Normally, the main guest, olderpeople or those of higher rank are given the honor of ordering. Sometimes the host will order according to guest tastes.In a Chinese dinner, cold dishes are served first, then hot dishes, then staple food, fruits are served last. Cold dishes are regularly ordered in an even number depending on the number of guests. The number of hot dishes, as for main courses, usually falls as four, six or eight (or other even numbers because Chinese people believe them to be lucky). Regular dinner usually has six to twelve hot dishes Staples such as rice, pancakes, noodles, dumplings and others are provided after the hot dishes, then sometimes comes soup, with fruit served at the end.Unlike most Westerners, Chinese usually share all of the dishes on the table. There is usually a large rotating tray, and all the dishes ordered are placed on it. When eating one uses chopsticks or a spoon transfer the food into one’s own plate or bowl. People take just one portion each time not all the food they want to eat.In daily life, chopsticks also play an important role in Chinese table manners and some principals need to be kept in mind. Before the meal, the chopstick should be placed parallel to one another on the right side of one’s plate or bowl; during the meal, the chopsticks should be placed on the rack or plate after use, not placed casually back on the table. After the meal, thechopsticks should be placed in a vertical line on the middle of the rice bowl Do not use chopsticks to turn over the food in the dishes. Do not point at people with the chopsticks during a meal.In China, the dinner bill will usually be paid by the one who issued the invitation, but sometimes Chinese will compete to pay for the bill. This is mainly related to the culture of maintaining face. Chinese usually believe that whoever pays the bill is more generous and values the friendship more, and thus gains more face.China is a country with a splendid catering culture diverse in its various culinary regions; just remember, “A guest should suit the convenience of the host” and “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.1.Which of the following statements about seating arrangement is NOT TRUE?A.Generally, round tables are used at Chinese banquets.B.The seat facing the entrance is the seat of honor.C.The seat opposite the head seat is usually reserved for the eldest.D.Those of higher position sit closer to the head seat.2.The main courses usually are ordered in even number because ______.A.Chinese people like to share the dishes with othersB.Even number symbolize the longevity and immortality in ChinaC.It is a traditional way to show respect to the guestsD.Chinese people regard even numbers as lucky numbers3. In a Chinese dinner, rice is usually served ______.A.before the cold dishesB.after the hot dishesC.after the soupD.at the end14.Which of the following behaviors may be regarded as impolite when using the chopsticks?A.During the meal, placing the chopstick on the rack of plate after use.B.Before the meal, placing the chopstick parallel to one another on the right side of the bowl.C.During the meal, inserting the chopsticks into the bowls or dishes.D.When eating, using chopsticks to transfer the food into one’s own plate or bowl.15.Why do Chinese people compete to be the one to pay for the bill according to the passage?A.To establish trust.B.To prove that they are humble and polite.C.To show they are very rich.D.To maintain face.答案第一篇1.本题考查细节题。

【英语】高考英语冠词技巧和方法完整版及练习题

【英语】高考英语冠词技巧和方法完整版及练习题一、单项选择冠词1．Teng Xiuqin, ____ head of the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon, says that society’s understanding of ____ AIDS patients has progressed a lot in the past decade.A．the; the B．the; / C．/ ; / D．a; /【答案】C【解析】这题考查冠词的用法：第一空是职位前不加冠词，第二空不填冠词，AIDS patients泛指艾滋病人。

选C。

2．Jack, it’s ________ bad manners to blow your nose at ______ table.A．the; a B．the; / C．/; the D．/; /【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查冠词辨析。

the是定冠词，特指某人或某事，或前文中提到的人或事；a是不定冠词，用在物质名词前，使之转化为具体名词，如“一张桌子”。

句意：杰克，在餐桌上擤鼻涕是不礼貌的。

故选D。

考点：考查冠词辨析。

3．In ______ hottest reality show Running Man III，Luhan is ______ only new member．A．a; 不填B．a; anC．the; the D．the; 不填【答案】C【解析】分析句子，可知前后两个空格都是特指的，故用定冠词the。

根据句意，可知选B。

句意：在热播的电视节目“奔跑吧，兄弟3”中，鹿晗是唯一的一个新成员。

4．Though I’m not interested in ____ history, I am r eally fond of ____ history of Tang Dynasty. A．the; a B．/ ; the C．/ ; a D．a ; the【答案】B【解析】冠词题。

南非高等教育的历史演变及特点

南非高等教育的历史演变及特点发布时间：2021-09-03T11:11:02.927Z 来源：《中国教工》2021年3月第6期作者：张琦[导读] 南非本土内生的土著宗教和高深学问在一定程度上可以作为南非高等教育的萌芽张琦天津市教育科学研究院（300191）摘要：南非本土内生的土著宗教和高深学问在一定程度上可以作为南非高等教育的萌芽，但严格意义上讲，南非高等教育的历史演变过程主要是指由三百年黑暗的殖民统治时期转向新南非高等教育改革时期，特别是1994年开始至今的以实现公平和提高效率为主要目标的新南非高等教育改革，通过一系列有针对性并切实可行的政策使新南非高等教育改革取得了显著成效。

关键字：南非高等教育；历史演变；改革特点南非高等教育起源于荷兰和英国等殖民者为了满足殖民统治的需要而从母国移植的高等教育模式，而南非本土通过相当长的历史时期孕育出的包括传统土著宗教、高深学问以及分散的部落教育等在内的高等教育萌芽并未发展成为真正意义上的高等教育，但也在一定程度上为南非高等教育的产生、发展以及新南非高等教育改革奠定了基础。

所以，把南非传统的土著宗教、高深学问与分散的部落教育纳入南非高等教育历史进程的研究是很有必要的。

一、南非高等教育的历史演变（一）传统萌芽时期：土著宗教、高深学问与分散的部落教育几百万年前，人类最早祖先出现于南非，后迁徙至世界各地。

在17世纪下半叶欧洲殖民者到来之前相当长的历史时期里，南非各部族人民已经有了历史悠久、社会基础广泛并区别于基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教等的宗教信仰，即相信有一种至高无上的神灵或祖先掌握着人们的福祉、灾祸与生老病死。

这种传统宗教没有明确的、正式的经文、教规和组织，而是通过口头传说代代相传，并体现在家庭和部落的日常习俗与礼仪当中，这种口传文化不仅承担了传承各部族的历史文化与伦理道德的重要职能，还形成了一种拥有较高社会地位的专门职业——“格里奥”。

南非的黑人教育在欧洲殖民者到来之前一直属于部落教育，1658年荷兰殖民者在开普敦建立第一所学校，教授荷兰语和基督教义，灌输臣服白人的思想。

Syllabus

SyllabusChina in Global EconomySpring, 2010Instructor: Dr. Li JingClassroom: Hist.209Class time: Thursday, 1:30pm—4:20pmCourse Description and ObjectiveCourse DescriptionThis course offers an opportunity for international students to begin studying the Chinese economy in the era of globalization and the interaction between China and the rest of world. It aims to develop the learners’ understanding of the process of China’s economic reforms and opening-up policy, how China was involved into the global economic circulation, it will be conducive to improving the learners’ sense of awareness in economics. The contents of this course is issues-oriented, it covers issues emerged in the last 30 years, and the analysis on issues are also based on the related theory.There are three parts in the course.The first part covers a number of issues areas that together provide an answer to the questions of enterprises reform, financial system reform, three rural problems, resource, environment and sustainable development of China. It will help the learners to get a general structure of the structural reforms and its outcomes.The Second part covers the interactions between China and world economy from the foreign trade, foreign investment and economic adjustment under the WTO frame work, the relations between China and its top trade partners.The third part covers China’s macroeconomic policy since 1990, fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange rate policy and China’s response in times of crisis. It will address and compare China’s stimulus package and its outcomes during Asian Crisis (1997-1998) and global financial crisis (2008- ).The design of the course does not assume prior systematic knowledge about China or the Chinese economy. The students can expect to build a solid knowledge basis for learning, more systematically, about China and China’s ties with the rest of the world.Learning OutcomesBy the end of the course, students shoulda) Well understand China’s roadmap in economic reform and opening- up policy, especially the logic behind it.b) Well understand the Chinese economic features in the era of globalization and tasks ahead for China.c) Build the capability of studying the Chinese economy with economics knowledge. Prerequisite: principles of economics or permission of department.Course RequirementsStudents are expected to read through the articles selected for each week before the class convenes. In order to better comprehend the course readings and in-class discussions, however, students are strongly encouraged to refer to the following surveys of the Chinese economy:1.Angus Maddison, Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Term (OECD Development Center Studies, 1998).2.Wu Jinglian, Understanding and Interpreting Chinese Economic Reform(Thomson/South-Western, 2005).3.Barry Naughton, The Chinese Economy: transitions and growth, (MIT Press, 2007).4.Barry Eichengreen, ed., China, Asia, and the New World Economy (Oxford University Press, 2008).(The above books on reserve in the American University Program office)5.Wang Mengkui, China’s Economic Transformation Over 20 Years( Foreign LanguagesPress , Beijing), 20006.Li Jingwen, The Chinese Economy into the 21st Century, ( Foreign Languages Press , Beijing),2000Each student will be asked to make a presentation and lead a discussion based on a topic assigned for the week. The discussion shall be based on but not limited to the weekly readings assigned.The students will be grouped, and each group will participate in the in-class discussion; each group is required to make a presentation at the last class. The topic shall be based on the topics of each week but not limited to the weekly readings.In the fifth week, each student must present a one-page ‘writing plan’ for the term paper, which is due the last day of the course. Use the Chicago Manual of Styles for formatting the paper and observe the usual rules of academic integrity.Required Work and Grading PolicyYour final grade will be determined by the following:1.Attendance 15%2.In- Class group discussion and presentation 10%3.Term Report Presentation ( in group, in the last class) 10 %4.Individual presentation 15%5.Term paper 50%（should be personal）Grades are on a 100 points scale:90-10080-89 70-79 60-69 59- AB C D ECLASS SCHEDULEWeek Topics Lecture (hours)Otheractivities01 Chapter1 An Review on the Chinese EconomyThe roadmap of China’s Reforms and Opening-up302 Chapter 2 Reform of Enterprises (SOEs and SMEs)2In –classdiscussion03 Chapter 3 China’s Financial System and Supervision 304 Chapter 4 Three Rural Problems 305 Chapter5 Resource, Environment and Sustainabledevelopment2In –classdiscussion06 Chapter 6 Foreign Trade Development 307 Chapter 7 China’s Inward & Outward FDI and Other Investments308 Chapter 8 China’s WTO Entry: A Long March toGeneva2In –classdiscussion09 Chapter 9 Bilateral Ties between China and Its Top 3Trade Partners2In –classdiscussion10 Chapter10 China’s Macroeconomic Policy Since 1990311 Chapter11 China’s stimulus package in Time of Crisis 312 Chapter12 An Conclusion and Tasks Ahead for China 1 Term report Presentation Feedbacks Hand in the term paperWork SchedulePart I Basic Reforms and OutcomesWeek one Chapter 1 An Review on the Chinese EconomyThe roadmap of China’s Reforms and Opening-upWang Mengkui, China’s Economic Transformation Over 20 Years( Foreign Languages Press , Beijing), 2000, Chapter 4,5Li Kui-wai, The two decades of Chinese economic reform compared, China & World Economy, No. 2., 2001Liu Guoguang, Economic Reform and Development in China,China and World Economy No.1, 1998Conference News 30 Years of Economic Reforms in China：Retrospect and Outlook (81) , China & World Economy, No.1,2008Hu Angang, China’s Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction(1978-2002), edited by Wanda Tseng and David Cowen, India’s and China’s Recent Experience with Reform and Growth, IMF, 2005 . Chapter 3Week Two Chapter 2 Reform of Enterprises (SOEs and SMEs)Wang Mengkui, China’s Economic Transformation Over 20 Years( Foreign Languages Press , Beijing), 2000,Jiang Xiaojuan ,The Globalization of China's Economy and the Formation and Development of En terprise Groups ,China & World Economy, No. 1 ,2000Shiyong Zhao, Government Policies and Private Enterprise Development in China： 2003-2006, China & World Econom y, No.4.2009Wang Zhongyu, State-owned Enterprise Reform in a Major Stage ,China & World Economy, No. 2,1997Zhang Chunlin, Revisiting China’s SOE Reform Strategy, China & World Economy, No.2, 2002Week Three Chapter 3 China’s Financial System and SupervisionBarry Naughton, China's Financial Reform: Achievements and Challenges, BRIE Working Paper 112.1998, BRIEChen Yuan, Financial System Reform and Economic Development in China, edited by Wanda Tseng and David Cowen, India’s and China’s Recent Experience with Reform and Growth, IMF, 2005Xie Ping, Financial Reform in China: Review and Future Challenges, China & World Economy, No. 5, 1999Xia Bin China Ready for Adopting a Universal Banking System? , China & World Economy, No. 2, 2001Week Four Chapter 4 Three rural problemsWang Mengkui, China’s Economic Transformation over 20 Years (Foreign Languages Press, Beijing), 2000, Chapter 3 Reform of Economic Structure in China’s Rural AreaZhu Ling, Gender Inequality in the Land Tenure System of Rural China, China & World Economy, No. 2, 2001Zhigang Xu RanTao, Urbanization, Rural Land System and Social Security in China, China & World Economy,No.6, 2004LiZhou, Public Goods, Environmental Protection,and the Development Paradigm in Rural China , China & World Economy , No.6,2004Tao Ran Liu Mingxing, Rural Taxation and Government Regulations in China, China & World Economy, No.2, 2003Yang Yao, Village Elections, Accountability and Income Distribution in Rural China, China & World Economy, No.6, 2006Fang Cai Meiyan Wang, A Counterfactual Analysis on Unlimited Surplus Labor in Rural China , China & World Economy, No.1, 2008Week Five Chapter 5 Resource, Environment and Sustainable developmentLi Jingwen, The Chinese Economy into the 21st Century, (Foreign Languages Press , Beijing), 2000, Chapter 17 The EnvironmentWarwick J. McKibbin, Global Energy and Environmental Impacts of an Expanding China, China & World Economy, No.4, 2006Pan Jiahua, Du Yaping, Environmental Degradation as a Threat to China's Food Security, China & World Economy, No. 1, 1998Shi Min, Environmental Protection in China: Existent Problems and Improvement Measures, China & World Economy, No. 4, 1998Chunsheng Tian, Sino-Russian Energy Cooperation and Geo-Strategic Issues, China & World Economy, No.3, 2005Dan Shi Energy Industry in China：Marketization and National Energy Security, China & World Economy, No.4, 2005Jason Zunsheng Yin David Forre, Elasticity of Energy Demand and Challenges for China’s Energy Industry, China & World Economy, No.4,2006Part II The Interaction between China and World EconomyWeek Six Foreign Trade DevelopmentNicholas R. Lardy, Trade Liberalization and its role in Chinese Economic Growth, edited by Wanda Tseng and David Cowen, India’s and China’s Recent Experience with Reform and Growth, IMF, 2005 .Chapter 7Hung-gay Fung, China’s Foreign Trade and Investment：An Overview and Analysis , China & World Economy, No.3, 2005Pingyao Lai ,China’s Foreign Trade：Achievements, Determinants and Future Policy Challenges, China & World Economy, No.6, 2004Fung Hung－gay, Are China’s Trade Policies Effective？China & World Economy, No.1, 2003 Week Seven China’s Inward & Outward FDI and Other Investments Xiaojuan Jiang, Prospects and Analysis of FDI in China, China & World Economy, No.4, 2005Judith M. Dean, “Are foreign investors attracted to weak environmental regulations? Evaluatingthe evidence from China,” Journal of Development Economics, November 2008 (on-line).Furong Jin Keun Lee Yee-Kyoung, Changing Engines of Growth in China：From Exports, FDI and Marketization to Innovation and Exports, China & World Economy,No.2,2008Laijun Luo Louis Brennan Chan , Factors Influencing FDI Location Choice in China＇s Inland Areas, China & World Economy, No.2, 2008Zhang Honglin，Why Does China Receive So Much Foreign Direct Investment？China & World Economy，No.3, 2002Jiang Xiaojuan, New Regional Patterns of FDI Inflow：Policy Orientation and Expected Performance, China & World Economy, No.2, 2002Foreign Capital Utilization in China: Prospects and Future Strateg y, World Bank,《中国利用外资的前景和战略》，世界银行主编，中信出版社，2007（This book is written in both Chinese and English）Week Eight China’s WTO Entry: A Long March to GenevaSong Hong,The Impact of China's WTO Accession on Industrial Development, China & World Economy, No. 1 , 2000Liping He, Xiaohang Fan, Foreign,China & World Economy, No.5, 2004Li Yuefen, Economic Implications of China's Accession to the WTO,China&World Economy，No.2, 2003Guo Kesha，Comprehensive Impacts of China's WTO Entry on Its Industrial Sector，China & World Economy，No.2,2003Zhang Xiaopu , Chinese policy options on international capital flow after WTO accession, China &World Economy，No.3, 2003Changhong Pei Lei Peng, Responsibilities of China after Accession to the WTO，China & World Economy， No4, 2007Wang Yu，some important issues concerning China’s macroeconomic management after WTO entry –interview with prof. Lawrence lau, China &World Economy，No.5, 2003Kanamori Toshiki, China's Economy and Financial Market after the WTO Entry, China &World Economy，No 6, 2001Week Nine Bilateral Ties between China and Its Top 3 Trade Partners Changhong Pei, Analysis of the Changes in the Growth of Japan＇s Direct Investment in and Trade with China , China & World Economy,No.6, 2005Willem F. Duisenberg, China and the Euro Area in a Global Perspective, China & WorldEconomy, No.3, 2002Zhao Longyue and Wang Yan, “Trade Remedies and Non-Market Economies: Economic Implications Of The First US Countervailing Duty Case On China”，World Bank Research Working papers, December 2008, pp. 1-50.David Scott, “China-EU convergence 1957–2003: towards a ‘strategic partnership’”, Asia Europe Journal, Volume 5, Number 2, June 2007, pp. 217-233.Wing Thye Woo, “Dealing sensibly with the threat of disruption in trade with China: the analytics of increased economic interdependence and accelerated technological innovation,” Economic Change and Restructuring, Volume 40, Numbers 1-2, June 2007，pp. 1-26.Bibo Liang , Political Economy of US Trade Policy towards China, China & World Economy, No.5, 2007He Li Ping, Sino-Japanese economic relational: a Chinese perspective，China & World Economy, 2003.5Part III China’s Macroeconomic PolicyWeek Ten China’s Macroeconomic Policy Since 1990Olivier Blanchard Francesco Gi, Rebalancing Growth in China：A Three-Handed Approach, China & World Economy, No.4, 2006Stephen S. Roach, On Next Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for a New Globalization, Chapter 3 , Chinese Rebalancing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009Yu Yong-ding, A Review of China's Macroeconomic Development and Policies in the 1990s China & World Economy, No. 6 ,2001Week Eleven China’s stimulus package in Time of CrisisYu Yongding, China's Macroeconomic Situation and Future Prospect, China & World Economy, No.1, 1999Yu Yongding, China 1999-2000: The Macroeconomic Situation and Financial Reforms, China & World Economy, No. 1, 2000Xin Wang, China as a Net Creditor：An Indication of Strength or Weaknesses？China & World Economy, No.6, 2007Hung-Gay Fung Qingfeng, China’s Outward Direct and Portfolio Investments Wilson, China & World Economy, No.6, 2007Week Twelve A Conclusion and Tasks Ahead for ChinaGuiyang Zhuang, How Will China Move towards Becoming a Low Carbon Economy？China & World Economy No.3, 2008Shi Dan, Energy Restructuring in China：Retrospects and Prospects, China & World Economy No.4, 2008Xin Wang, China as a Net Creditor：An Indication of Strength or Weaknesses？China & World Economy, No.6, 2007Jonathan Anderson，Capital Account Controls and Liberalization：Lessons for India and China, edited by Wanda Tseng and David Cowen, India’s and China’s Recent Experience with Reform and Growth, IMF, 2005 Chapter 3。

南非职业技术教育的发展现状及挑战

南非职业技术教育的发展现状及挑战南非作为非洲大陆上经济最发达的国家之一，职业技术教育在其教育体系中扮演着重要的角色。

随着经济的快速发展和人口的增长，南非职业技术教育面临着一系列的挑战和机遇。

本文将就南非职业技术教育的发展现状及挑战进行分析和探讨。

南非职业技术教育起源于殖民时期，受到英国传统教育体系的影响，也受到种族隔离政策的影响。

在南非种族隔离时期，职业技术教育一直是白人教育系统的一部分，而非洲人和有色人种的职业技术教育往往处于较低的地位。

直到南非种族隔离政策结束，新的民主南非开始重视职业技术教育，将其纳入教育改革的范畴中。

目前，南非的职业技术教育体系包括中等职业教育和高等职业技术教育两个层次。

中等职业教育主要由技术学校和商业学院组成，提供技术和实用性较强的课程，培养适应市场需求的技术人才。

高等职业技术教育主要由技术大学和职业学院组成，提供与专业相关的技术和实践型课程，培养各个领域的专业人才。

南非职业技术教育在发展的过程中取得了一定的成绩。

职业技术教育体系逐渐完善，不断扩大覆盖面，为更多的学生提供了接受职业技术教育的机会。

职业技术教育课程内容和教学方法得到了改善，更加贴近市场需求和实践应用，培养了大量的技术技能人才。

职业技术教育与产业企业的合作日益密切，学校与企业之间建立了多种形式的合作关系，为学生提供更多的实践机会和实习机会，促进学生的就业和创业。

二、南非职业技术教育面临的挑战尽管南非职业技术教育取得了一定的成绩，但在发展的过程中还面临着一些挑战。

主要表现在以下几个方面：1. 教育资源不均衡。

在南非，职业技术教育资源分布不均衡，主要集中在城市和发达地区，而农村和贫困地区的职业技术教育资源相对匮乏。

这导致了一些学生无法接受良好的职业技术教育，制约了他们的求学和就业机会。

2. 教育质量不高。

南非职业技术教育在教学质量上存在一定的问题，主要表现在师资力量不足、教学设施条件差、课程设置不合理等方面。

这些问题影响了学生的学习效果和职业技能的实际掌握程度，制约了他们的就业和创业能力。

《一站到底》最新最全题库

第一轮1.“铁观音”茶的原产发源地在中国的哪个省份？福建2.奢侈品牌LV 路易威登是哪个国家的品牌？法国3 欧洲的哪个城市被世界公认为“雾都”.？伦敦4.西藏布达拉宫最初是松赞干布为了迎接谁而兴建的？文成公主4. 电影《碟中谍4》中汤姆布鲁斯挑战的世界第一高的摩天大楼位于哪个城市？迪拜5.电影《变形金刚》中，与擎天柱作对的反派首领叫什么？威震天6.金庸小说《射雕英雄传》中第一次华山论剑的胜利者是哪一位？王重阳7.美国阿姆斯特朗登上月球后，说了“个人的一小步” ，后一句是什么？人类的一大步8.法国巴黎有名的凯旋门是为了纪念哪位名人建造的？拿破仑9.世界上出现麦田怪圈最多的国家是？英国10.意大利有一座被活火山活埋的城市，叫什么？庞贝11.电影《泰坦尼克号》中，年老的Rose 扔进海里的蓝色钻石叫什么名字？海洋之心12.美国奥斯卡奖历史上只有一人连续两届获得最佳男演员奖，这个人是谁？汤姆汉克斯13.世界上公认的第一架实用飞机的发明者是美国的什么人？莱特兄弟14.二战过后，审判法西斯的德国法庭在哪一个城市？纽伦堡第二轮1.江苏卫视孟非主持的哪一档知名节目与冯小刚导演的电影同名？非诚勿扰2.武术冠军出身，以出演黄飞鸿、方世玉等角色为国人所熟知的武打明星是谁？李连杰3.与刘德华，张学友，郭富城合称为香港“四大天王”的人是谁？黎明4.歌词“东方之珠，我的爱人”中，东方之珠指的是哪座城市？香港5.一站到底的题库网站是多少？5.于2012 年提出破产保护的原世界最大的照相机，胶卷生产供应商是哪家？柯达6.我国的吉利汽车公司成功收购了外国哪家汽车公司100%的股权？沃尔沃7.在“小虎队”成员中，吴奇隆被称为什么虎？霹雳虎8.在《三国演义》中，“一个愿打一个愿挨”形容的是周瑜与哪位将领的故事？黄盖9.小说《封神演义》中，哪位著名的的人物用直的鱼钩钓鱼？姜太公10 在我国可兑换的国际通用外币中，最值钱的是哪个币种？英镑11.我国明代“七下西洋”的航海家是谁？郑和12.解放战争时期著名的“三大战役”中第一个打响的是哪个战役？辽沈战役13.股票交易中经常提到的术语“一手” ，请问“一手”是指多少股？100 股14.国际上用“K”表示含金量，18k 金表示含金量百分比为百分之多少？75%15.2008 年的北京奥运会，中国代表队一共夺得了多少枚金牌？51 枚第三轮1.香港特别行政区的区花是什么？紫荆花2.我们通常吃的葵瓜子是什么植物的果实？向日葵3.国产动画片《喜羊羊与灰太狼》中，灰太狼的老婆叫什么名字？红太狼4. 琼瑶电视剧《还珠格格》中紫薇格格的亲生母亲叫什么名字？夏雨荷5. 收藏有油画《蒙娜丽莎》等珍贵作品的法国博物馆是哪一座？卢浮宫6. 著名的“自由女神”像坐落在美国的哪座城市？纽约7. 唐朝盛世“贞观之治”出现于哪位皇帝的执政时期？唐太宗8. 历史上“焚书坑儒”的只中国的那一位皇帝？秦始皇9. 2008 北京奥运会开幕式上，领唱《歌唱祖国》的小女孩叫什么？林妙可第四轮：1. 28 年作为央视春节联欢晚会结尾曲的歌曲叫什么名字？难忘今宵2. “当初是你要分开，分开就分开”这是哪首流行歌曲的歌词？爱情买卖3. 导演张艺谋最新上映的电影是哪一部？金陵十三衩4. 演员房祖名的爸爸是哪位著名功夫巨星？成龙5. 南非世界杯期间，成功预测战况而出名的章鱼叫什么名字？保罗6. 带领中国国家足球队打入02 年世界杯的外籍主教练是哪一位？米卢第五轮：1. 世界第一高峰是我国的什么山峰？珠穆朗玛峰2. 迎客松是我国那个著名风景区的标志性景点？黄山3. “狗不理包子”是中国哪个城市的传统风味小吃？天津4. 吃菠萝的时候人们一般会用什么水泡一会儿来减少麻木刺痛感？盐水5. 清朝被称为“扬州八怪”的八个人中以画竹子闻名的是哪一位？郑板桥6. 越剧《十八相送》是描写了哪段古代爱情故事中的情节？梁山伯与祝英台第六轮：1. 烟草里毒性最大的物质是什么？尼古丁2. 我们通常所说的“干冰”是那种气体的固态存在方式？二氧化碳3. 83 版的《射雕英雄传》中是哪位演员扮演了黄蓉？翁美玲第七轮：1. 哪位作家在首届《新概念作文大赛》中荣获一等奖，并成为了职业赛车手？韩寒2. 2011 年以“一秒变格格”在网络迅速蹿红的台湾女艺人的俗称是什么？Hold 住姐3. 小说《封神演义》中，传说由狐狸精变成的商纣王宠妃是谁？苏妲己4.曹雪芹的《红楼梦》中，葬花的人是谁？林黛玉5. 中国神话当中，嫦娥在月亮上住的行宫叫什么？广寒宫5.一站到底的题库网站是多少？6. 白娘子在端午节是因为喝了什么酒而现出了原形？雄黄酒7. 我国哪个古镇以生产瓷器而闻名于世？景德镇8. 老北京居民居住的院落式组合建筑一般被称作什么？四合院9. 吴承恩小说《西游记》当中，唐僧在哪条河收了沙和尚做徒弟？流沙河10. 金庸小说《倚天屠龙记》中，金毛狮王叫什么名字？谢逊11. 2004 年雅典奥运会中，获奖运动员头带的头环使用哪种植物的枝叶编织成的？橄榄12. 2010 年南非足球世界杯，夺得冠军的是哪个国家的球队？西班牙第八轮：1. 有“铁榔头”一称的前中国排球女运动员是谁？郎平2. 创办“精武门”的中国清末爱国武术家是谁？霍元甲3. “有一个老人在中国的南海边画了一个圈”是哪首歌的歌词？春天的故事4. 世界三大男高音中的帕瓦罗蒂是哪国人？意大利5. 马可波罗是在哪个朝代来到中国的？元朝6. 传说为关羽“刮骨疗伤”的是哪一位名医？华佗7. 世界上有“钢琴诗人”之称的波澜钢琴家是哪一位？肖邦8. 《马赛曲》是哪一位国家的国歌？法国9. 奥运会上首次只有女性可以参加的比赛项目，是花样游泳和什么项目？艺术体操第九轮：1. 通常所说的计算机的“大脑”指的是电脑的什么部件？CPU2. 广东话中的“老豆”是指普通话中的哪种称谓？父亲3. 2010 年世界杯时阿根廷队的教练是谁？马拉多纳4. 姚明曾经在NBA（美国职业男子篮球联盟）为那一只队伍效力？火箭5. 格林童话《灰姑娘》中，灰姑娘参加舞会时所做的车是由哪种植物变成的？南瓜6. 美国历史上著名的演讲《我有一个梦想》的演讲者是谁？马丁路德金7. 电影《泰坦尼克号》的主题曲叫做？我心永恒8. 由百位明星共同演唱的奥运歌曲《北京欢迎你》的曲作者是谁？小柯第十轮：1. 我们通常所说“煤气中毒”是由于煤气中哪种气体吸入过量造成的？一氧化碳2. 冰箱或空调泄露的哪种物质会破坏大气层臭氧层？氟利昂3. 南非世界杯足球赛决赛阶段共有多少支参赛球队？324. 现代奥运会起源于哪个国家？希腊5. “遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人” ，描述的是什么节日？重阳节6. 佛教中高僧经过火化后留下的结晶体，被作为圣物供奉的叫什么？舍利子7. 中国2010 年上海世博会吉祥物叫什么？海宝8. 经常被用来辨别方向的北极星是属于哪个星座的？小熊星座9. 中国历史上唯一一位正式签署文书离婚的皇帝是？溥仪10. 陕西乾陵的“无字碑” ，是哪位皇帝的功德碑？武则天11. 标准中国象棋中，一共有多少个棋子？32题目：第一轮：我们通常用来指代飞碟等不明飞行物的英文缩写是什么？中国邮政特快专递的英文缩写是哪三个字母？著名的“埃菲尔铁塔”是哪个城市的标志性景点？考拉，又叫做树袋熊，是哪个国家的国宝动物？童话故事中，一说谎话鼻子就会变长的木偶叫什么名字？久负盛名的孔雀舞是我国哪个民族的传统舞蹈？传统服饰的旗袍是根据哪个民族的服饰改良的？童话故事《皮皮鲁和鲁西西》系列的作者是谁？第二轮：制作木乃伊最著名的古代国家是哪一个？秦始皇兵马俑是在我国的哪个省发掘的？第三轮：“宝马”汽车是哪个国家的著名品牌？“迪斯尼”的总部设在哪个国家？被誉为“人间天使”的《罗马假日》女主角是谁？一站到底的题库网站是多少？50年代以被风吹起裙子的标志，红遍世界的美国性感女神是谁？第四轮：我国传统观的“七夕”节是为了纪念那两位人物的爱情故事？我国哪个传统节日是祭祖和扫墓的日子？人们一般撒什么东西来快速融化积雪路面？酿造啤酒的主要原料是什么粮食？我们经常用的“飘柔”洗发水，是美国哪家公司的产品？发源于澳洲，近几年大火的雪地靴，统称是哪三个英文字母？2004年夏季奥运会是在那个城市举办的？前英格兰足球队队长，并成为伦敦奥运会形象大使的球星是谁？赵本山和宋丹丹的小品《昨天今天明天》邀请了哪位主持人与他们合作？瑞星杀毒软件的标志是什么动物？用弹弓控制小鸟来打击建筑物和猪的一款畅销游戏作品叫什么名字？传说中“狸猫换太子”一案是被哪位官员查明平反的？以“莫须有”罪名毒害了名将岳飞的奸臣是谁？著名的“特洛伊之战”传说起因是双方为了争夺一个美女，请问这位美女叫什么？有史以来第一个活着亲眼看到自己的作品被收藏进卢浮宫的西班牙画家是谁？第五轮：传说中开天辟地的上古人物叫做什么？中国神话传说中是哪位神用五色石头补的天？因为四季如春而被称为“春城”的是我国哪个城市？坐落在上海黄浦江畔的著名电视塔，叫做什么名字？公认为全世界规模最大的网络搜索引擎是哪一个？05年联想公司正式宣布完成收购哪一家公司的全球个人电脑业务？被誉为香港第一代“玉女掌门人”，与倪震结婚的女明星是谁？1987年徐克导演拍的《倩女幽魂》中饰演宁采臣的男主角是谁？第六轮：我国一般查询电话号码通用的三位数号码是多少？我国首都北京市的电话区号，是哪三个数字？凭借《花样年华》在第53届戛纳电影节荣获最佳男主角的人是谁？指导《断背山》《卧虎藏龙》等电影的著名导演叫什么？皮肤划破后渗出的血会自动凝结是因为血液中含有什么细胞？人体受到细菌感染时，血液中的那种细胞会明显增多？世界上通常用来导航的全球卫星定位系统的英文简称是什么？经常听说的“工商管理硕士”的英文简称是什么？电影《盗梦空间》中，莱昂纳多饰演的主角用来分辨真实与梦境的道具是什么？电影《2012》中，用来拯救人类的方舟，建在哪个地区？理性纯洁的精神恋爱又被人们称为哪位哲学家式的爱情？卡通人物米老鼠和唐老鸭是哪位艺术家创造的经典形象？一站到底的题库网站是多少？和《大学》，《孟子》，《中庸》一起被称为中国“四书”的是哪本著作？北京奥运会徽是一枚中国印，请问印章上的人形是由什么汉字演化而成？希腊神话当中，顾影自怜的美男子那喀索斯变成了什么植物？第七轮：一般被称为“万能献血者”的血型是什么？我们常说的“一打”啤酒是指多少瓶啤酒？美国用于报案、急救、消防等紧急求助的报警电话是什么？国际通用的哪三个字母向外界发送求救信号？我国第一座完全由中国自行设计和施工的长江大桥建于哪个城市？我国六大古都中建都最早的是那座城市？目前我国结婚证内页上印的是什么花？第八轮：海洋中最大的哺乳类动物是什么？侏罗纪时期最具代表性的大型陆地动物是什么？常吃的“皮蛋”一般是由哪一种蛋加工而成的？广东人将传统小吃“馄饨”称为什么？第九轮：世界上第一家七星级酒店—“帆船酒店”，是在哪个城市？第十轮：我国农历中有多少个节气？在十二生肖中排列顺序第一的是什么动物？97年《还珠格格》中，因饰演小燕子一角而红遍亚洲的女演员是谁？“接下来，就是见证奇迹的时刻了”是哪一位著名魔术师的标志性口号？经典台词“向我开炮！”出自中国哪一部老电影？我国普遍公认的国土面积约为多少万平方公里？民国时期被称为“三大火炉”的除南京、武汉外还有哪座城市？相传使董卓、吕布反目成仇的古代美女是谁？清朝道光年间，在虎门销禁鸦片的民族英雄是谁？十二世纪十大画家之一，以画虾技术精湛而闻名的画家是谁？答案：第一轮：UFOEMS巴黎澳大利亚匹诺曹傣族满族郑渊洁第二轮：埃及陕西第三轮：德国美国奥黛丽赫本玛丽莲梦露第四轮：牛郎织女清明节盐麦子宝洁UGG雅典贝克汉姆崔永元狮子愤怒的小鸟包拯秦桧海伦毕加索第五轮：盘古女娲昆明东方明珠谷歌IBM周慧敏张国荣第六轮：114010梁朝伟李安血小板白血球GPS MBA陀螺西藏柏拉图迪斯尼《论语》京水仙花第七轮：O型12瓶911 SOS南京西安牡丹花第八轮：鲸鱼（学名是鲸，答案以节目显示为标准）恐龙鸭蛋云吞第九轮：迪拜第十轮：老鼠赵薇刘谦英雄儿女960万平方公里重庆貂蝉林则徐齐白石1.《西游记》中孙悟空的一个跟斗可以翻多远？十万八千里2.“西边的太阳快要落山了”这句歌词是出自哪部电影的插曲？《铁道游击队》3.中国的“雾都”是指哪个城市？重庆4.人们常说的“白山黑水”中的“黑水”是指东北的哪条江河？黑龙江5.国色天香指的是哪种植物？牡丹6.清朝官帽上的花翎是用什么动物的毛做的？孔雀7.排球比赛中，一个队可以同时上场几名队员？6 人8.奥运会中的跳台跳水的跳台有几米？10 米9.马睡觉的时候保持怎样的姿势？站着10.吃多了皮蛋会造成哪种重金属元素中毒？铅11.武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，她改国号为什么？周1.著名的旅游景点夏威夷位于哪个大洋中？太平洋2.世界上最大的沙漠叫什么名字？撒哈拉沙漠1.”己所不欲勿施于人“是中国哪位圣人提出的？孔子2.”三顾茅庐“中的”茅庐“本意是指谁的住处？诸葛亮3.中古阿拉伯民间故事总集《一千零一夜》又名什么？《天方夜谭》4.人体分解和代谢酒精的主要器官是什么？肝5.人体最坚硬的部分是哪里？牙齿5.一站到底的题库网站是多少？6.电影《功夫》中，火云邪神最后被什么武功招式打败？如来神掌7.金庸小说《笑傲江湖》中，华山派掌门，号称君子剑的是谁？岳不群1.90 年北京亚运会的吉祥物大熊猫叫什么名字？盼盼2.广州最著名的城市标识是五只什么动物？羊3.《西游记》中唐僧师徒四人经过了多少难最终取到了真经？81 难4.《智取威虎山》中经典台词”天王盖地虎“下一句是？宝塔镇河妖5.”我挥一挥手，不带走一片云彩“是出自哪位诗人的《再别康桥》？徐志摩6.”飞雪连天射白鹿，笑书神侠倚碧鸳“是哪位作家的14 部著作简称？金庸7.相传太极拳是由武当山哪位道士所创？张三丰8.一代武术宗师、功夫影帝、截拳道武道哲学创立人、好莱坞首位华人演员是？李小龙9.蝌蚪靠什么呼吸？腮10.用来测量钻石重量单位是？克拉11.电影《白毛女》中，抢走喜儿的地主叫什么名字？黄世仁12.1984 年，日本连续剧《血疑》中大岛幸子的扮演者是谁？山口百惠1.歇后语”泥菩萨过河“的下一句是什么？自身难保2.歇后语”猪八戒照镜子“的下一句是什么？里外不是人3.李闯王是指明末哪位农民起义领袖？李自成4.中国象棋”楚河汉界“跟那两个历史人物有关？刘邦、项羽5.一站到底的题库网站是多少？5.《封神演义》中，哪吒的父亲托塔李天王名叫什么？李靖6.《西游记》中二郎神身边的神犬名叫什么？哮天犬7.”信天游“是中国哪个省的民歌风格？陕西8.景泰蓝是中国哪个城市的著名手工艺品？北京9.与我国的云南省接壤的国家分别是缅甸、老挝和哪个国家？越南10.法国的普罗旺斯最出名的植物是什么？薰衣草11.冬天，树干常常会被刷成白色，这白色液体是什么水？石灰水12.吃太多手摇爆米花爆出的米花容易造成什么金属元素中毒？铅13.德国一级方程式车手，获得过7 届F1 世界冠军的F1 之王是谁？舒马赫14.由法国人大卫贝尔创立并在电影《暴力街区13》中展示的极限运动叫什么？跑酷15.美国历史上唯一一位任期达四届的总统是？罗斯福16.哪位棋手被中国围棋协会授予围棋”棋圣“称号？聂卫平1.泼水节是我国哪个民族的传统节日也是他们的新年？傣族2.在感恩节这天，美国的家庭基本上都会吃的一道传统食物是什么？火鸡3.电视剧《新白娘子传奇》中，白素贞被压在什么塔中？雷峰塔4.传说中的女娲补天，女娲的上半身是人，下半身是什么动物？蛇5.中央电视台著名节目《实话实说》的第一任主持人是谁？崔永元6.1986 版《西游记》中孙悟空的扮演者是叫什么名字？六小龄童7.天津市的电话区号是？0228.消费者投诉举报专线电话号码是多少？123151.被称为”天府之国“的地方是我国的哪个省？四川2.从地图上看，黄河干流像一个巨大的汉子，是什么字？几3.川菜”蚂蚁上树“的主要食材是肉末炒什么？粉丝4.路打滚源于满洲，是我国哪个城市的古老小吃品种之一？北京5.被称为”枫叶之国“的是哪个国家？加拿大6.被称为”可入口的古董“的普洱茶产自我国的哪个省？云南7.人体缺少哪种元素会引起甲状腺肿大，俗称大脖子病？碘8.晒太阳能够帮助人体获得哪种维生素？维生素D9.在电视剧《流星花园》中，言承旭、周渝民、吴建豪、朱孝天组成的组合名叫什么？F410.曾经是韩国著名男子偶像组合Super Junior 成员的中国艺人是谁？韩庚11.清朝被称为万园之园的皇家园林是？圆明园12.中国最大的沙漠是什么沙漠？塔克拉玛干沙漠1.瑜伽起源于哪个国家？印度2.赛龙舟运动是为了纪念我国哪一个爱国诗人？屈原3.十二生肖中排在羊后面的动物是什么？猴4.世界上最大的禽类蛋是现存的哪种动物的蛋？鸵鸟5.08 年北京奥运会开幕式和闭幕式的总导演是谁？张艺谋6.第一支获得女足世界杯冠军的亚洲国家是哪个国家？日本7.我国古代，”驸马“指的是皇帝的什么人？女婿8.”令堂“是指对对方什么人的称呼？母亲9.中国古代的足球运动在公元前300 年就已盛行，当时这项运动叫什么？蹴鞠10.许海峰获得了中国第一枚奥运金牌，他是在什么项目获得的？射击11.”冲冠一怒为红颜“中的红颜是指谁？陈圆圆12.”闭月羞花沉鱼落雁“的”沉鱼“是指哪位美女？西施13.豫剧《七品芝麻官》中”当官不为民做主“后一句是什么？不如回家卖红薯14.悬梁刺股的股是指人的哪个部位？大腿15.”您还记得当年大明湖畔的夏雨荷吗？“大明湖畔位于哪个城市？济南16.好莱坞巨星阿诺施瓦辛格曾经是美国哪个州的州长？加利福尼亚17.”生命是一袭华美的袍，爬满了虱子“出自哪位作家？张爱玲18.《挪威的森林》是哪位日本作家的著名小说作品？村上春树19.周杰伦在《头文字D》电影中饰演的拓海所开的赛车型号是？AE861.著名红色旅游景区井冈山在哪个省？江西2.歌曲《康定情歌》中的康定在哪个省？四川3.书画作品中的”四君子“是指哪四种植物？梅兰竹菊4.橙子是橘子跟什么水果的杂交品种？柚子以大量欧式建筑闻名的“外滩”在中国的哪个城市上海各个国家的大使馆都在中国的哪座城市北京平假名都是由中国的汉子草书演化过来的，那么平假名属于哪种语言日语我们常说的托福考试是对哪种语言进行的测试英语石锅拌饭是流行整个东亚的美食，它来源于哪个国家韩国依云水是水中的极品，来自哪个国家法国演员佟丽娅在哪部电视剧中饰演了‘沈冰’一角北京爱情故事大明星布拉德皮特现在的女朋友叫什么名字安吉丽娜朱莉西方的圣诞节前一天叫平安夜，平安夜是几月几号12月24日西方的万圣节，人们会用什么植物做成一盏灯南瓜是中国的一种传统食品，又是明星对于喜欢自己的人的统称叫什么粉丝网络论坛中，‘沙发’是代表第几个回帖的人第一个通常用EQ表示情商，那么智商是用哪俩个英文字母表示IQ用来鉴定亲子关系的脱氧核糖核酸的缩写是哪三个英文字母DNA五味杂陈的五味是指哪五味甜酸苦辣咸五脏六腑的五脏是指什么哪五脏心肝脾肺肾在巴西盛行，同时也是国际舞比赛项目之一的舞蹈是哪种桑巴男女表演者随着音乐节奏的东张西望，被阿根廷人视为国粹的舞蹈是探戈拥有在美国长期居住和工作权利的永久居留证，被俗称什么绿卡美国遭受911恐怖袭击的双子塔叫什么世贸中心（WTC）北京奥运会游泳比赛场馆叫什么水立方北京奥运会田径比赛场地叫什么鸟巢中国的谚语‘不听老人言’。

贫困、不平等和非洲教育危机

龙源期刊网贫困、不平等和非洲教育危机作者：来源：《广东教育·综合》2013年第01期非洲教育晴雨表指出在撒哈拉以南的非洲１．２８亿适龄入学孩子当中，只有大约一半人能入学接受教育，获取基本的技能，健康成长。

研究进一步提出，如果你是一名来自贫穷家庭的女生，就读于农村的小学，那么你可能学不到重要的技能，例如，读写和数学。

这些性别、收入和地方教育的差距，在大部分的撒哈拉以南的非洲国家随处可见，南非、乌干达、马拉维、津巴布韦、博茨瓦纳和莱索托等国家尤其严重。

暂且不说某些国家殖民主义遗留下来的问题，种族歧视和种族不平等问题，还有一系列其他因素导致农村和城市学生教育差距持续扩大，想想整个非洲大陆的农村贫困问题的严重性，不难得出一个结论，从社会经济视角来考虑平等教育的资源问题，农村小学生是最弱势的群体。

农村学校总体上师资短缺，而且缺少资深教师。

教师人数过少，而适龄入学儿童过多，师生比严重失调。

在非洲教育问题上，这些低得可怜的数字，与非洲地区的贫困、不平等和社会经济条件是脱离不了干系的。

教师通常不愿意到贫困地区工作，因为城市有更多的就业机会和更高的收入，城市居民有更好的生活质量，可以更好地利用良好的基础设施、医疗保健等其他服务和公共产品。

贫困地区缺乏甚至没有基础设施和其他重要的社会服务的保障。

社会经济条件又对贫困地区学生的教育质量造成了消极影响，很多学生甚至因为自身或者家人身患疾病而被迫完全辍学，还有很多因为父母的愚昧无知而深受其害，教育不公平现象非常突出。

应对教育危机，非洲政府必须出台相应的措施，降低农村地区的贫困程度，例如，优化基础设施、卫生和医疗条件，促进农业现代化。

城市化建设有利于非洲工业化发展和经济增长，协调城乡发展，缩小城乡农村教育质量差异。

非洲政府应鼓励教师去贫困地区执教，对其发放额外津贴。

对于非洲发展合作伙伴，他们可以鼓励和支持专门针对农村学校的举措和项目，帮助提高这些贫困地区的教学水平。

高考英语考前冲破文化教育南非理科教育水平世界最差素材

南非理科教育水平世界最差South Africa's ranking as worst in the world for its maths and science education is "a state of emergency", the opposition has said.南非反对党宣称，国内数学与理科教育的世界排名最差，已属于“紧急状态”。

The Democratic Alliance called for a full skills audit of all maths, science and techno logy teachers. The World Economic Forum(WEF) report on information technology assessed the economies of 148 count ries.But the government has rejected it, saying the findings were base d on perceptions and not hard data. The World Economic Forum's The Global Information Technology Report assesses how ready countries are to exploit the opportunities offered by information and communications technology and how they can use it to improve conditions.For the overall quality of education, South Africa came 146th in the WEF ranking.While not all countries we re surveyed, South Africa was ranked below Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. 'Frightening'Annette Lovemo re, shadow minister for basic education, s aid her government counterpart, Angie Motshekga, should answer question s in parliament about the "worsening" state of education."It is deeply disturbing. Not only are we failing hundreds of thousands of learners in our schools but w e are certainly f ailing our economy that needs the skills that maths and science produce," S ou th Africa's Eyewitness News quotes Ms Lovemore as saying.Ms Motshekga's Department of Basic Educa tion dismissed the report as "based on inte rviews conduct ed with business sector executives"."The WEF report does not base its research on any actual tests or assessments done by learners, they do not in any way interact with learners in the system or any credible education instituti ons to get their data," the statement said.。

我说南非教育

我说南⾮教育说到南⾮的教育，我们不得不提南⾮的历史背景。

1948年到1994年，南⾮共和国实⾏的是种族隔离制度，这种种族隔离制度其实就是为了防⽌⾮⽩⼈族群得到投票权和⾃主权。

其中，教育这样的公共服务也是被分开的，虽然说的是平等隔离，但事实上⾮⽩⼈族群可得到的只是⾮常次等的公共服务。

在这期间，南⾮颁布了三个重要的法案，其中⼀个是1953年的班图⼈教育法（⿊⼈教育政策）（The Bantu Education Act），将所有⿊⼈学校收归政府管辖，终⽌了教会学校的存在；1959年⼤学教育扩充法（The Extension of University Education Act），这条⽴法就是为⿊⼈、有⾊⼈和印度⼈建⽴单独的⼤学；1974年阿⾮利加语媒体法（Afrikaans Medium Decree）：规定在⿊⼈家园以外的地区，阿⾮利加语在学校授课中要达到50%的使⽤⽐例这些法律条⽂其实在⽩⼈和⾮⽩⼈之间划了条难以逾越的界限，政府对⽩⼈的教育投资⽐对⾮⽩⼈的教育投资⾜⾜⾼出⼗五六倍。

这种做法刻意压制了⿊⼈受教育的程度，他们普遍都只受到较次的教育，并且不被允许从事⼤多数有技能要求的⼯作，使他们学不到任何真正有⽤的知识。

1954年，亨德⾥克?维尔沃尔德（Hendrik Verwoerd），当时的⼟著⼈事务部部长，在向参议员解释新的班图语（⿊⼈）教育政策，有⼀个问题⾮常有名，即“给⼀个班图⼩孩教数学，可却不能在⽣活中应⽤，那教数学还有什么⽤呢？”⽽且，今天南⾮绝⼤多数学校的教师接受的都是南⾮班图语教育制度下质量不完善的教育，⾃⾝受教育程度和素质不⾼，那教出来的学⽣也就可想⽽知了。

（这个后⾯再提）经过多年国内的反抗、国际的攻击和制裁，南⾮终于在法律上废除了种族隔离政策。

但是种族隔离制度对教育的影响却顽固地存在着，⼤部分之前的⿊⼈学校这时也依旧基本都是⿊⼈学⽣，教育资源通常⼗分匮乏，⽩⼈不可能来。

⽽原先的⽩⼈学校种族混合情况稍微好⼀点⼉，因为中产阶级的⿊⼈能够搬到指定的学校就学。

全班倒数第一得了诺贝尔奖

全班倒数第一得了诺贝尔奖知识都学不会，想在这个领域有所成就完全不可能。

”老师评价：“非常愚蠢”“这是灾难性的一学期。

他的学习离令人满意还差得很远……他的各项表现都非常糟糕，很多时候他都处在麻烦中，因为他根本不听劝告，只坚持用自己的方法。

“我相信格登想要成为一名科学家，但从他的表现来看，这个想法简直是痴人说梦……无论对于格登本人以及教育他的老师，（让他学习生物学）都是在完完全全地浪费时间。

”从那张成绩报告单的评语中，人们几乎可以想见这位诺奖得主当时令老师气急败坏的模样。

那是1949年的夏季学期，550分的满分，格登只得到231分，相当于百分制里的42分。

而他的名次，在全班18名学生中，排名倒数第一。

15岁那年，在伊顿公学全年级250名男生中，格登的生物课成绩同样排名最末。

63年后的今天，他却被评为全世界最聪明的人之一，与日本科学家山中伸弥共同分享生物学研究的最高荣誉，以及800万瑞典克朗（折合人民币753万元）的奖金。

瑞典皇家科学院毫不吝啬对格登的最高评价。

他们在发布的获奖评语中说，格登的研究成果“革命性地改变了我们对细胞和组织发育的认知”。

这位差生的回击始自1962年。

当时，距离老师的严苛评语已经过去了13年，他不仅没被吓到，反而在牛津大学拿到了生物学博士的学位。

在博士后的研究中，他完成了一个著名的实验：把一只成年青蛙的体细胞核，移植到另一只青蛙的卵细胞里。

这个全新的细胞，经过孵化、发育，最终变成一只完整的、发育完全的青蛙。

多年后，人们评价说，这一实验震惊了整个生物界，也“颠覆了人们对细胞发育的传统教条认知”。

这一成果为之后的细胞编程研究指明了方向。

在此基础上，1996年，著名的克隆羊“多利”得以诞生。

很长的时间里，格登都被称为克隆技术的“教父”。

叛逆基因在蜂拥而来的记者面前，格登很喜欢回忆起自己15岁那年受到的“屈辱”。

他还记得那位名叫加德姆的老师——他专门解释说，加德姆并不是个真正的老师，他的真实职业，是一家博物馆馆长。

少年南非说-全文

少年南非说-全文引言南非，一个充满着多元文化和历史的国家，蓬勃发展的经济和壮丽的自然风光吸引着人们纷纷前来探索。

然而，在这个美丽的国度背后隐藏着巨大的社会问题。

在我亲身经历过的几个月里，我见证了南非年轻一代对社会变革的呼声和渴望。

今天，我想分享一些我与南非少年的讨论和观察。

教育问题教育一直是南非最要紧的议题之一。

尽管政府在教育方面投入巨资，但尚有很多孩子因为贫困而无法接受良好的教育。

我记得与一位名叫布的年轻人交谈，他向我描述了他的教育经历。

他说：“我们的学校没有足够的教师和研究资源，很难获得优质的教育。

” 这个问题挑战着南非的未来，我们应该关注这些孩子，努力改善他们的教育环境。

就业机会就业机会也是南非年轻人面临的重要问题之一。

失业率高居不下，许多年轻人无法找到工作。

我曾和一个名叫莫西的年轻人交流，他告诉我他已经毕业两年了，但仍然没有找到一份稳定的工作。

他说：“我不停地申请工作，但总是被告知没有经验。

” 这使得许多年轻人感到沮丧和无助。

我们应该促进创业发展和提供更多培训机会，为他们打开就业大门。

社会不平等南非社会存在严重的不平等现象，这也是年轻人们所关注的问题。

贫富差距极大，许多年轻人生活在贫困中。

我在与一位名叫洛拉的年轻女孩的讨论中听到了她的心声：“我们应该改变社会的不公，让每个人都有平等的机会。

” 社会不平等不仅使年轻人感到沮丧，也制约了整个社会的发展。

我们需要关注这一问题，通过政府和公民社会的合作，不断努力实现社会公平。

总结南非年轻一代了解并关注着这些社会问题，他们渴望变革和进步。

教育问题、就业机会和社会不平等是他们面临的主要挑战。

我们应该共同努力，为他们提供更好的教育、创造更多的就业机会和促进社会公平。

南非的未来在于年轻一代的力量和激情，让我们为他们的声音倾听，一同推动南非实现全面的社会进步。

以上是我的观察和讨论，我希望我们可以一起为南非年轻人的未来而努力。

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[2010.06.03] Last in class 南非教育世界倒数 - 专题 Special Reports - 经济学人经济学人|经济学家 - Powered by Discuz!注册成为ECOer登录每周选题新手报到公告栏通天塔各地联谊搜索Blog默认blue风格jeansfashionfervorgreenwalluchome2009christmas私人消息(0)公共消息 (0)系统消息 (0)好友消息 (0)帖子消息 (0)应用通知 (0)应用邀请 (0)经济学人» 专题Special Reports »[2010.06.03] Last in class 南非教育世界倒数新手必读TE译文规范 | ECO英语沙龙ECO 招聘启事译文奖励计划“通天塔”TE授权声明 | QQ 第30群腾讯微博订阅The Economist返回列表发帖cat_autumn 发短消息加为好友cat_autumn 当前离线UID36588 帖子64 主题9 精华0 积分19 积累2 点现金94 GBP 原创译作17 篇本周之星0 次奖励译文0 次来源《南方人物》阅读权限10 在线时间16 小时注册时间2008-4-2 最后登录2010-6-21高级士官帖子64 积分19 原创译作17 篇注册时间2008-4-2 1楼跳转到» 倒序看帖打印字体大小: tT 发表于 2010-6-8 22:48 | 只看该作者[2010.06.03] Last in class 南非教育世界倒数南非, 教育, 倒数, 弊端, 进步本帖最后由 cat_autumn 于 2010-6-9 18:56 编辑A special report on South AfricaLast in class南非教育世界倒数Education needs to take a giant leap教育需要飞跃式的进步。

Jun 3rd 2010 | From The Economist print editionMore snakes than ladders in South Africa’s schools南非学校就像掷筛子游戏中蛇比梯子多。

SOUTH AFRICA spends 6.1% of its GDP on education, a bigger chunkthan most other countries, yet its results are among the worst. In the World Economic Forum’s latest Global Competitive Index it ranks bottom (out of 133 countries) in both maths and science education. In the 2006 Progress in International Reading and Literacy Study it also came bottom (out of 40 countries), as it did in the 2003 Trends in International Maths and Science Study (out of 48 countries).Humiliated, it withdrew from the next TIMSS in 2007. The difficulty with such studies is that they reflect averages. At the top, South African students do as well as anyone, but the great majority areperforming way below their capabilities.南非把GDP的6.1%投入教育事业，比世界其他大部分国家的比例都大，然而，南非的教育情况仍在教育最差的国家行列。

世界经济论坛最新发布的《全球竞争力指标》中，南非的数学和科学教育（在133个国家中）垫底。

2006年的国际阅读素养进展研究中南非（在40个国家中）也名列倒数，这和南非2003年在国际数学和科学趋势研究（TIMSS）中（48个国家中）排名情况相同。

因为觉得屈辱，南非没再参加在2007年举行的那届国际数学和科学趋势研究。

麻烦在于这些研究体现的是平均水平。

要是比尖子生，南非学生的表现一点也不差，但绝大部分学生的表现大大低于他们的能力。

Graeme Bloch of the Development Bank of Southern Africa describes South Africa’s education system as a “national disaster”. He reckons80% of schools are “dysfunctional”. Half of all pupils drop outbefore taking their final “matric” exams. Barely 11% get a goodenough pass to qualify for university. Of those who do, most arefound to be functionally illiterate and innumerate when they getthere, requiring intensive first-year remedial classes to bring them up to scratch. A third of students drop out in their first year at university. After five years only one in three has obtained a(three-year) degree. Even then, employers say that many graduatesemerge inarticulate, unable to think critically and barely able to read or write.南非发展银行的格莱姆•布洛赫（GraemeBloch）把南非的教育系统描述成“国家的灾难”。

他预测80%的学校“不能正常运行”。

一半的学生还没到参加高中毕业考试时就辍学了。

勉勉强强有11%的学生能取得不错的成绩最终获得上大学的资格。

这些获得上大学资格的学生中，大部分在进了大学后要运用知识的时候几乎又成了半文盲，既不会写也不会算，需要一年的强化补习课来为学习大学课程做好准备。

1/3的学生在大学一年级辍学回家。

五年之后，只有1/3的学生获得（三年制的）学位。

即便这样，雇主们还说很多大学毕业生会有表达不清、不能批判地思考的问题，而且阅读和写作也差强人意。

Black South Africans generally do much worse than whites. Almost 13% of black adults are functionally illiterate, compared with 0.4% of whites. Fewer than 2% of black adults have a degree, compared with17% of whites (which is still low by international standards).Barely a third of black pupils pass their matric, whereas almost all whites do. And only around one in 20 black students ends up with a degree, compared with almost one in two whites. It is not that the blacks are any less bright; some perform brilliantly. They are just massively disadvantaged.南非黑人表现整体比白人差。

将近13%的成年黑人是半文盲，而白人只有0.4%。

不到2%的成年黑人有学位，而白人却有17%（这也还是低于国际水平）。

仅1/3的黑人学生通过高中毕业考试，而大部分白人学生都能通过。

只有大约5%的黑人学生最终拿到学位，而大约50%的白人学生能拿到。

这并不是说黑人学生不够聪明；一些黑人学生表现得非常棒。

只不过是整体表现差而已。

Under apartheid blacks were deliberately kept down, given a vastly inferior education and banned from most skilled jobs. Explaining the government’s new Bantu (black) education p olicies to the Senate in 1954, Hendrik Verwoerd, then minister for native affairs, famously asked: “What is the use of teaching a Bantu child mathematics whenit cannot use it in practice?” By the end of Verwoerd’s de cade as prime minister in 1968 the government was spending 16 times more on the education of a white child than a black one.以前，种族隔离制度让黑人受到刻意压制，受到的教育普遍较次，也禁止黑人从事大多数有技能要求的工作。

1954年，亨德里克•维尔沃尔德（HendrikVerwoerd），当时的土著人事务部部长，在向参议员解释新的班图语（黑人）教育政策，有一个问题非常有名，即“给一个班图小孩教数学，可却不能在生活中应用，那教数学还有什么用呢？”1968年，维尔沃尔德担任总理的十年任期结束的时候，政府用于白人小孩的教育经费是用于黑人小孩的16倍多。

Spending per pupil is now the same for black and white, yet blackchildren generally continue to fare worse than whites because most of them continue to attend vastly inferior schools. Although public education was desegregated in 1994, most former black schools remain overwhelmingly black because they are generally in deprived blackareas, whereas the former white schools tend to have a good racial mix because middle-class blacks have moved into their catchmentareas. Catering for just 10% of all pupils, the former white schools are usually much better endowed, better run and far more disciplined than former black schools.如今，黑人小孩和白人小孩的教育经费投入一样多，然而，与白人小孩相比，黑人小孩的表现普遍较差，因为大部分黑人小孩所上的学校仍然很次。