ving的用法
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• 1.动词ing 作状语，其否定形式 为 在它前面加not，never等。 • Not knowing how to find the station, I asked a policeman for help.
• 2.动词ing作状语，其逻辑主语要 与句子主语保持一致，否则，要用 独立主格结构。 • Weather permitting , we shall go there on foot.
主动变被动 • He was seen sitting in a café. • He was found lying on the floor.
六。现在分词作状语
• 现在分词作状语，可以表 示时间，原因，结果，条 件，方式，让步或伴随动 作等。
• 1.Hearing the news, they immediately set off. • 2.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. • 3.Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn’t get there on time
B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
她坚持马上就写。 She insisted on writing at once． 她着手写她的报告。 She set about writing her report.
三.作表语
1）ving作表语表示抽象的，一般的行为 。 • Eg： • My hobby is collecting stamps. • My favorite sport is playing . • My work is teaching English.
2、作宾语
位置：vt之后或者prep之后 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 • （1）是有些动词只能后接动名词 作宾语； • （2）是有些动词既可后接动名词 也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词， 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy， keep，finish，suggest，escape， cannot help，imagine，mind， practise，admit, excuse，fancy （喜欢），give up，put off，risk 等。
exercises
• 1.（2008江苏卷）--- They are quiet, aren’t they? • --- Yes. They are accustomed ____________ at meals. • A. to talk • B. to not talk • C. to talking • D. to not talking
• 2.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine. • A. repair B. to have repaired • C. repairing D. fixing
• 3. He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold. • A. to swim; to swim • B. swimming; swimming • C. to swim; swimming • D. swimming; to swim
• 2)结论：现在分词作定语用来 表示所修饰名词的动作或状态， 与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的 主谓关系。 • 位置:单个分词一般作前置定语， 分词短语作后置定语，相当于 定语从句。
• 五.作宾补
• • • • • •
Eg I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们看着她在过大街。 We heard her singing in her room. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。
• a swimming pool • a dancing hall
• • • • •
a smoking room a sleeping bag a writing desk writing paper drinking water
• 1）结论：动名词作定语用来说 明该名词的用途，不表示名词 本身的动作。（作前置定语）
• I smell something burning. • The teacher caught the boy cheating. • He kept them working all day. • 他让他们整天干活。
• 结论：现在分词作宾补表 示的是正在进行的动作。
• 注意 注意
常接现在分词作宾补的动词有： feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, have, keep, leave, catch
• a book explaining how to cut the death rate • Following jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are going to visit them in the forest.
一、Ving的形式
主动形式
1．作主语
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置 上。
作主语
1)吸烟会致癌。 Smoking may cause cancer. 2)说比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing. 3)眼见为实 • Seeing is believing.
②用形式主语it
非谓语动词
• • • • • 非谓语动词包括 to do ; v-ing; v-ed V-ing可以做主语，宾语，表语， 定语，宾补，状语
• Seeing is believing. • I like playing basketball. • Don’t leave me waiting outside in the rain
我并不想叫你生气。 • I didn’t mean to make you angry． • 帮助他人意味着帮助自己 • To help others means helping yourself.
Ving 作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。 A．介词+动名词，如： 谢谢你帮我们做了这件事。 Thank you for doing this job for us. 我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。 I apologize for being so angry with you.
• 2）现在分词作表语表示主语的特征， 性质和状态。 • E.g This story is very interesting. • What you said is really inspiring. • His words are encouraging. • The film is quite moving.
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report． 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建 议。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D在try，mean之后意义各不相同， try to do (设法)， try doing (试试)， mean to do (打算，有意要做) mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
比较下列三组句子
• 我记得我已把信寄了。 • I remember posting the letter． • 我会记着去寄信的。 • I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名 作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don’t forget to write to your mother．
• 二.人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语 和主句的主语保持一致。并且存在 逻辑上的主谓关系。 • Eg Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school. • Hearing the news, he burst into laughter.
特别注意
例句
• • • • 1. Avoid over-eating. 2.He admitted taking the money. 3.I can’t help laughing. 4.I finished reading the book last night.
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作 宾语的动词，常见的有：begin， start，continue，intend，like， love，prefer，mean，forget， regret, remember，hate ,go on, stop 等。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 吸烟不好。 It’s no good smoking. 和她争论没用。 It’s no use arguing with her．
• • • • • • • •
常用句型有： It +is/was +a waste of time doing 做......是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做......是没用处的 It is/was worthwhile doing 做......是值得的 There is/was no point doing 干......无意义
被动形式
一般 式 完成 式
doing having done
being done
having been done
ving的被动式
• He hates being interrupted. • 他不愿意被人打断。 • I’m not used to being treated like this. • 我不习惯受这种款待。 • I appreciate being given this opportunity. • 我很感谢给了我这个机会。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
•
a developing country • boiling water • the rising sun
a sleeping boy
a promising young man an interesting story
• 1.the man visiting Beijing =the man who is visiting Beijing • 2.China is a country belonging to the Third World.( that belongs to the Third World) • 3. Who is the girl talking to Jim?
ving的完成式
• • • • • He denied having been there. 他不承认到过那里。 She admits having seen us. 她承认见到了我们。 The safe showed no sign of having been touched. • 保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。
• 4. There is someone knocking at the door. • 有人在敲门。 • 5. I know a man working in that factory. • 我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。 • 6. the girl sitting beside me is my cousin. • 坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。
注意
• 常用来作表语的现在分词有 confusing, disappointing, boring, moving, tiring, surprising.
• 四.作定语
• a walking stick • a washing machine • a reading room • sleeping pills
• 2.动词ing作状语，其逻辑主语要 与句子主语保持一致，否则，要用 独立主格结构。 • Weather permitting , we shall go there on foot.
主动变被动 • He was seen sitting in a café. • He was found lying on the floor.
六。现在分词作状语
• 现在分词作状语，可以表 示时间，原因，结果，条 件，方式，让步或伴随动 作等。
• 1.Hearing the news, they immediately set off. • 2.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. • 3.Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn’t get there on time
B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
她坚持马上就写。 She insisted on writing at once． 她着手写她的报告。 She set about writing her report.
三.作表语
1）ving作表语表示抽象的，一般的行为 。 • Eg： • My hobby is collecting stamps. • My favorite sport is playing . • My work is teaching English.
2、作宾语
位置：vt之后或者prep之后 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 • （1）是有些动词只能后接动名词 作宾语； • （2）是有些动词既可后接动名词 也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词， 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy， keep，finish，suggest，escape， cannot help，imagine，mind， practise，admit, excuse，fancy （喜欢），give up，put off，risk 等。
exercises
• 1.（2008江苏卷）--- They are quiet, aren’t they? • --- Yes. They are accustomed ____________ at meals. • A. to talk • B. to not talk • C. to talking • D. to not talking
• 2.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine. • A. repair B. to have repaired • C. repairing D. fixing
• 3. He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold. • A. to swim; to swim • B. swimming; swimming • C. to swim; swimming • D. swimming; to swim
• 2)结论：现在分词作定语用来 表示所修饰名词的动作或状态， 与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的 主谓关系。 • 位置:单个分词一般作前置定语， 分词短语作后置定语，相当于 定语从句。
• 五.作宾补
• • • • • •
Eg I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们看着她在过大街。 We heard her singing in her room. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。
• a swimming pool • a dancing hall
• • • • •
a smoking room a sleeping bag a writing desk writing paper drinking water
• 1）结论：动名词作定语用来说 明该名词的用途，不表示名词 本身的动作。（作前置定语）
• I smell something burning. • The teacher caught the boy cheating. • He kept them working all day. • 他让他们整天干活。
• 结论：现在分词作宾补表 示的是正在进行的动作。
• 注意 注意
常接现在分词作宾补的动词有： feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, have, keep, leave, catch
• a book explaining how to cut the death rate • Following jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are going to visit them in the forest.
一、Ving的形式
主动形式
1．作主语
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置 上。
作主语
1)吸烟会致癌。 Smoking may cause cancer. 2)说比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing. 3)眼见为实 • Seeing is believing.
②用形式主语it
非谓语动词
• • • • • 非谓语动词包括 to do ; v-ing; v-ed V-ing可以做主语，宾语，表语， 定语，宾补，状语
• Seeing is believing. • I like playing basketball. • Don’t leave me waiting outside in the rain
我并不想叫你生气。 • I didn’t mean to make you angry． • 帮助他人意味着帮助自己 • To help others means helping yourself.
Ving 作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。 A．介词+动名词，如： 谢谢你帮我们做了这件事。 Thank you for doing this job for us. 我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。 I apologize for being so angry with you.
• 2）现在分词作表语表示主语的特征， 性质和状态。 • E.g This story is very interesting. • What you said is really inspiring. • His words are encouraging. • The film is quite moving.
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report． 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建 议。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D在try，mean之后意义各不相同， try to do (设法)， try doing (试试)， mean to do (打算，有意要做) mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
比较下列三组句子
• 我记得我已把信寄了。 • I remember posting the letter． • 我会记着去寄信的。 • I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名 作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don’t forget to write to your mother．
• 二.人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语 和主句的主语保持一致。并且存在 逻辑上的主谓关系。 • Eg Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school. • Hearing the news, he burst into laughter.
特别注意
例句
• • • • 1. Avoid over-eating. 2.He admitted taking the money. 3.I can’t help laughing. 4.I finished reading the book last night.
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作 宾语的动词，常见的有：begin， start，continue，intend，like， love，prefer，mean，forget， regret, remember，hate ,go on, stop 等。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 吸烟不好。 It’s no good smoking. 和她争论没用。 It’s no use arguing with her．
• • • • • • • •
常用句型有： It +is/was +a waste of time doing 做......是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做......是没用处的 It is/was worthwhile doing 做......是值得的 There is/was no point doing 干......无意义
被动形式
一般 式 完成 式
doing having done
being done
having been done
ving的被动式
• He hates being interrupted. • 他不愿意被人打断。 • I’m not used to being treated like this. • 我不习惯受这种款待。 • I appreciate being given this opportunity. • 我很感谢给了我这个机会。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
•
a developing country • boiling water • the rising sun
a sleeping boy
a promising young man an interesting story
• 1.the man visiting Beijing =the man who is visiting Beijing • 2.China is a country belonging to the Third World.( that belongs to the Third World) • 3. Who is the girl talking to Jim?
ving的完成式
• • • • • He denied having been there. 他不承认到过那里。 She admits having seen us. 她承认见到了我们。 The safe showed no sign of having been touched. • 保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。
• 4. There is someone knocking at the door. • 有人在敲门。 • 5. I know a man working in that factory. • 我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。 • 6. the girl sitting beside me is my cousin. • 坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。
注意
• 常用来作表语的现在分词有 confusing, disappointing, boring, moving, tiring, surprising.
• 四.作定语
• a walking stick • a washing machine • a reading room • sleeping pills