2.全文逻辑梳理+思维导图(必看)

Rethinking death

The only end of age

Barbara Ehrenreich wants readers to ditch the “illusion of control” over their

bodies

红色标题“反思死亡”等于提出论题（讨论的议题）→接下来黑色标题指出芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克的观点：晚年的的唯一归宿就是死亡→导语进一步阐述黑色标题，表明芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克想要读者放弃医疗对身体的干涉，因为没有什么延年益寿的妙招，都要面对死亡。

1.①A few years ago Barbara Ehrenreich stopped going for check-ups. ②The decision to forgo cancer screenings and physical exams has set her apart from her friends, whose calendars are full of doctors’ appointments and whose cupboards are crammed with supplements and medicines. //③But as the American writer, who is 76, explains in “Natural Causes”, once she realised she was “old enough to die”, there was no good reason to live a “medicalised life”. ④Her remaining time is “too precious to spend in windowless waiting rooms”.

我们来看一下第一段是如何组织起来的：文章开头第①②句通过对比的方式，对比芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克和她的老年朋友们做法的不同。③④句引出本文的论题：Is there no good reason to live a “medicalised life”？

同时第一段给读者带来了两个疑问，一个是：芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克是谁？另一个是：为什么她有这样的观点，为2、3段的论述埋下了伏笔。

2.①Ms. Ehrenreich is no anti-science hippy. ②She will go to the doctor in an emergency. ③The author of over 20 books of social commentary, including “Nickel and Dimed”, an acclaimed account of poverty in America, she has a PhD in cellular immunology.

3.①What angers her is the “illusion of control” sold by the “medical-industrial complex”. ②She skewers the fads that promise eternal youthfulness, such as

celebrity-endorsed “radio-frequency skin-tightening”, and bossy books on “successful ageing”. ③But she argues that mainstream procedures such as cancer-screening are oversold as well. ④One study published in 2012 by the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that from 1976 to 2008 over 1m American women received a diagnosis—plus painful treatment—for tumours that would not have led to clinical symptoms.

第②③段分别从“是什么”和“为什么”的角度来写。第②段讲芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克是何许人也？第③讲她为什么会有这样的观点，对应了第一段。

写作建议：写作文的时候，第一段写完现象，下面可以分几段来写分论点，这些分论点可以是递进式的，比如第二段写“是什么”这个分论点？第三段写原因分论点，也就是“为什么”？第三段写影响（优劣点），可以理解为“怎么样”？第四段写措施，“可行性”。这样一来，文章层次也就出来了，把大的方面想出来之后，每段里面分别进行论证就可以了，可以举例论证，也可以引用论证。内容丰富了，字数也上去了！

比如写共享单车这个正在凉凉的事物吧。

4.①Yet “Natural Causes” is more than a rant about snake-oil salesmen. ②It is an eclectic, if scattershot, musing on attitudes to life and death.// ③These have changed hugely since the pre-modern era, as other writers have noted. ④In a seminal book about Western attitudes to mortality published in 1974, Philippe Ariès, a French historian, argued that before the 18th century death was rarely resisted. ⑤Life

expectancy at birth hovered at around 30. ⑥Since Christianity taught that time on Earth was preparation for the afterlife, and that God decided death’s moment, you might as well do good works in the meantime.

本段过渡到芭芭拉·艾伦瑞克写的书《自然原因》，①②句概括了书的内容。既然是她写的书，里面的内容肯定传递了她的思想。

但是本段并没有一五一十地描写或概括书的内容，而是通过类比论证的方式，通过介绍其他来说明她书中的内容。

写作建议：论证的时候，可以通过类比或者对比进行论证。

5.①Thanks to the wonders of science and economic growth, life expectancy in rich countries is now more than 80. ②Death is generally less capricious and sudden.

③Concomitantly humans are far less likely to see themselves as helpless against the grim reaper. ④Doctors have ousted priests as the anointed experts in mortality. ⑤Spin classes have replaced the sacraments.

本段承接上一段，上一段讲过去对于死亡的态度，这一段讲现在对于死亡的态度。

6.①For Ms. Ehrenreich, the notion that humans can master their bodies is flawed and dangerous. ②Disease will strike everyone eventually.// ③As Philip Roth wrote in his novel “Everyman”, “Old age is a massacre.” ④Equating health with virtue, she adds, means that the rich, who may spend $100 per hour on fitness regimes, look down on obese people as incapable of self-control, when they may instead lack education.

本段也是过渡自上一段，上一段提出“医生”和“锻炼”可以延缓死亡，这段艾伦瑞克就这一观点进行批判。第①②句是艾伦瑞克的端点，③④依然是类比论证。

7.①In one of the bo ok’s more interesting digressions, Ms. Ehrenreich argues that the idea of self-mastery is misguided since it stems from a misreading of biology.

②Articulating her “dystopian view of the body”, she rejects the concept of it as a