托福综合写作技巧

2 ╳
3
3 ╳ detail: space stations/ space airports
SYNTHESIZING
1. According to the lecture, the costs of
creating and running traffic control system, and of testing new space ship will make space flight expensive. This contradicts the points made in the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduce costs.
The teacher says that____. However, this is not what the reading states; it says that_____.
SYNTHESIZING Contrary to the belief in the passage that___, the professor asserts that____.
SYNTHESIZING
展示 SYNTHESIZING 通过例题： PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHT
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
阅读笔记：
R 1. Cheaper
2. discoveries. scientists 3. Expenses
competition More sponsors
L 1
2
3
customers, not public
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
听力笔记
R: 1
2
L: 1 ╳
details: <1> traffic control system <2> safety / tested detail: commercial projects, no scientific value
SCHOOL UNIFORM
3. Unity in clothing can eliminate discrimination , so teasing and bullying of some students by others will be significantly reduced. 阅读第3 It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they are in that particular stage, also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks. 听力第3
SYNTHESIZING
3. The lecture notes that the taxpaying public will end up subsidizing space station, and so on, because the private invest (customers) can not cover the cost. While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers of private space flight industry will significantly reduce the financial burden on public.
The author of the passage points out that___, while the lecture notes that___.
According to the reading, ____. The passage’s point is different from the professor, which states that____.
2
3
School uniform
展示 SUMMARIZING
通过 例题 SCHOOL UNIFORM 共6句话
SCHOOL UNIFORM
1. If all students wear the same style of uniform, clothing cost will be less. 阅读第1
If By doing…, When…
INTEGRATED TASK
展示 SUMMARIZING 通过题目 SCHOOL UNIFORM
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
SCHOOL UNIFORM
阅读笔记：
R 1. affordable
financial stress
L 1
2
SYNTHESIZING
According to the lecture,____; this contradicts the points in the reading that____.
The professor argues that____. This is different from the reading, which states that____.
government
SCHOOL UNIFORM
T：school uniform R: stress L: ╳
SCHOOL UNIFORM
阅读笔记：
R 1. affordable
financial stress
L 1
2
2. Discomfort & self- consciousness emotional stress 3. Pick on social stress
2. Combine into a sentence. 因果关系
INTEGRATED TASK
Because Since, As a result of And thus/ therefore, ; thus/therefore
Contribute to Lead to Trigger Explain serve Bring about
3
Fra Baidu bibliotek
School uniform听力笔记
R: 1 L: 1 ╳ costly stores details: <1> certain select <2> after- school clothes
2
╳
self-conscious detail: some can present themselves in their own ways
School uniform is expensive/ pricy, and students who wear uniform will buy trendy after-school clothes. 听力第1
SCHOOL UNIFORM
2. With everyone wearing the same uniform, students will not be concerned about whether they are wearing the fashionablycorrect clothes. 阅读第2 Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more selfconscious, because they can present themselves in a way of making them comfortable. 听力第2
INTEGRATED TASK
综合写作 技巧展示
INTEGRATED TASK
本课内容
1
2
NOTE-TAKING
SUMMARIZING
3
SYNTHESIZING
INTEGRATED TASK
1. NOTE-TAKING:
“双栏式” 笔记法： 2- column way
T:
R:
L:
R: 1 2 3
INTEGRATED TASK 3. SYNTHESIZING
1
2
NOTE-TAKING
SUMMARIZING
3
SYNTHESIZING
INTEGRATED TASK
SYNTHESIZING 把 SUMMARIZING的6句话整理成 3大段，形成 BODY PART
Connect the information from both sources
听力笔记
R: 1
2
L: 1 ╳
details: <1> traffic control system <2> safety / tested detail: commercial projects, no scientific value
2 ╳
3
3 ╳ detail: space stations/ space airports
L: 1 2 3
INTEGRATED TASK
讲义第12页， 第3题 演示 先画好“双栏” 注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字
读阅读每一段的 Main point 和 detail/reason
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
T：privatized spaceflight industry R: benefits L: ╳
3
3 ╳ details: <1> stage of life <2> music/ backpack
INTEGRATED TASK 2. SUMMARIZING
1
2
NOTE-TAKING
SUMMARIZING
3
SYNTHESIZING
INTEGRATED TASK
SUMMARIZING 1. eliminate unnecessary information
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
阅读笔记：
R 1. Cheaper
2. discoveries. scientists 3. Expenses
competition More sponsors
L 1
2
3
customers, not public
PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL
2. Discomfort & self- consciousness emotional stress 3. Pick on social stress
3
School uniform听力笔记
R: 1 L: 1 ╳ costly details: <1> only available from certain select stores <2> after- school clothes when they go to meet friends 2 ╳ self-conscious detail: some can present themselves in their own ways 3 ╳ details: <1> stage of life <2> music/ backpack
INTEGRATED TASK
1
2
NOTE-TAKING
SUMMARIZING
3
SYNTHESIZING
例题： CHARITABLE GIVING T：charitable giving R: decline L: ╳
CHARITABLE GIVING
阅读笔记：
R 1. Less need
SYNTHESIZING
2. The professor asserts that private space travel is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious researches to commercial projects. Contrary to what the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasing the number of scientists working in the area of spaceflight.