定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句讲解与练习

一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2. 关联词：

1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。

关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。

三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

四．关系代词的用法：

1. that 和which

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday

The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.

注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)

2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.

2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.

3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.

Where is the very book (that) I bought just now

This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.

4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that

I want everything (that) I want.

I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.

5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that Here is all the money (that) I have.

6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.

7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导

Is it the one（that）you want

8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句

Who is the girl that won the first place

3. who和whom

who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。

Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to

The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.

=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.

五.关系副词的用法：

1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词. We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.

㈠．单项选择

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. /

3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that

B. whose

C. which

D. as

4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday

A. the one

B. which

C. who

D. whom

5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which

B. that

C. /

D. it

6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. all

7. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. this

8. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

A. whom

B. who

C. /

D. he

9. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

A. who live next door

B. which lives next door

C. whom lives next door

D. that lives next door