阅读理解-认识总分总结构

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总分总是什么意思

总分总是什么意思
是阅读和写作过程中的解析文章的一种结构方式。

开头提出论点（开门见山），中间若干分论点，结尾总括论点（或重申论点，或总结引申），而几个分论点之间可以是并列关系、层递关系、对比关系等等，但不能是包含关系或交叉关系。

简述
总：就是中心意思想表达的一层意思。

分：分层叙述。

总体来说就是表示总叙和分述的关系的结构方式。

先是一个短小的开头，或是下文分述内容的起因，或是下文分述内容的总说，一般用概括的语言表现。

接下去就是分说，分说有两种情况，一是并列式地分说，彼此之间互相并列，没有明显的时间推移痕迹，如一个人的几个不同侧面，一件事的几个方面，同一中心下的几件不同的事。

二是连贯式的分说，彼此之间有比较明显的时间推移，如事情发展的不同阶段，连续几天内的不同事情等。

不管是哪种形式，都由一个个片段组成，短小精悍，各自独立又服从于同一条主线。

分说的几个片段之间，可用小标题表示，又可用空格显示，也可以像普通分段那样，但有较明显的跳跃性。

文章的结尾，又是总说，可以是开头呼应，也可以做总结性结尾。

(完整word版)阅读理解认识总分总结构

第四专题认识总分总构造分总构造是文章常常运用的一种段落构造,即总起——分述——总结。

总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句精练的话归纳文章內容;分述部分是环绕总起句睁开的 ,一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容; 总句一般放在文章结尾部分 ,对文章进行总结、深入、增补或完美。

例文赏析：还魂草彭万洲①大巴山的槲枥树林里 ,有一种奇怪的小草 ,大家叫它还魂草。

②走进密密的槲枥树林 ,温润的沃壤上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑 ,在落叶上 ,像圆圆的邮戳 ,我们拨开落叶 ,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。

它的大小和我们的手掌差不多,茎细如丝 ,叶子像一片片花瓣 ,整个草叶看上去就像绽放的花儿。

我们轻轻地拔起它 ,当心地抖去根部的泥沙 ,收集多了 ,带回家 ,晾干后珍藏起来。

老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身 ;我们拿它当书签 ,送给好朋友。

③还魂草真能还魂吗 ?你看 ,每当我们看书累了 ,把还魂草从册页中拿出 ,放进盛满清水的杯中 ,马上 ,干细的茎渐渐挺直 ,枯竭的叶片慢慢张开 ,颜色又显得那么嫩绿 ,那么鲜活。

还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!④我喜爱一般又奇特的还魂草。

1.请你仔细阅读短文 ,而后达成下边的填空。

短文主要向我们介绍了 (),共()个自然段。

第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇怪的小草 ,大家叫它(）第②自然段共 ()句话 ,分别向我们介绍了还魂草的（)()(）。

第③自然段共 ()句话 ,介绍了还魂草的 ()特色。

第④自然段一句话 ,直接表达了作者的感情——我()还魂草。

2.此刻你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗?3.还魂草的奇特表此刻什么地方,用“”画出来。

自己来挑战：最后一栋房①一个人应当怎样对待自己的学习和工作?我们不如看看下边这篇小事。

②一位上了年的木工准退休了,他告雇主 :“我不想再盖房屋了 ,想和我的老伴一种更为悠的生活,然很迷恋那份酬 ,但我退休了。

”雇主看到他的好工人要走得特别痛惜,于是就他能不可以再建一房屋。

认识总分总结构

掌握运用
在实际应用中，需要根据不同情境和需求，灵活运用总分总结构，合理安排内容的层次和逻辑关系。
将总分总结构应用于更多领域
写作领域
在各类写作中，如论文、报告、新闻稿等，运用总分总结构可帮助作者更好地组织思路，使文章结构严谨，逻辑清晰。
演讲领域
在演讲中，使用总分总结构可以让听众更好地理解和记忆演讲内容，提高演讲效果。
认识总分总结构
目录
• 总分总结构概述 • 总分总结构在写作中的应用 • 总分总结构在演讲中的应用 • 总分总结构在阅读理解中的应用 • 总分总结构在日常生活中的应用 • 总结与展望
01
总分总结构概述
定义与特点
定义
清晰明了
总分总结构是一种常见的文章或演讲结构，包括开头总结（总）、中间详细阐述（分）和结尾总结（总）三个部分。
明确目标
团队共同讨论并明确任务目标，确保每个成员对任务有清晰的认
识。
分工合作
根据团队成员的特长和优势，合理分配任务，确保任务高效完成。
成果汇总
对团队成员完成的任务进行汇总，评估任务完成质量和效率，为后
续团队协作提供改进建议。
自我提升：设定目标、学习方法、实践反思
设定目标
根据个人兴趣和职业规划，设定明确的自我提升目标。
通过开头和结尾的总结，使读者或听众能够快速了解主题和要点。
逻辑性强
易于记忆
中间部分按照一定逻辑顺序进行阐述，使内容条理清晰。
由于结构简洁明了，总分总结构有助于读者或听众更好地记忆和理解内容。
应用领域
学术论文
总分总结构有助于组织论文的主要论点和论据，使论文更具
说服力。
商业报告
总分总结构可以使报告更加简洁明了，突出重点，便于决策者快速了解报告内容。

理解文章中的逻辑结构与解题技巧课件

理解文章中的逻辑结构与解题技巧课件在我们的学习和生活中，阅读各种文章是必不可少的。

然而，要真正理解一篇文章，并能够有效地解答与之相关的问题，掌握文章的逻辑结构和解题技巧是至关重要的。

本课件将带您深入探讨这两个关键方面，帮助您提升阅读理解和解题能力。

一、文章的逻辑结构文章的逻辑结构就像是一座建筑的框架，它支撑着整篇文章的内容，使其有条理、有层次地呈现给读者。

常见的逻辑结构包括总分总结构、并列结构、递进结构和对比结构等。

1、总分总结构这是一种最为常见的结构形式。

文章开头会提出一个总的观点或主题，然后在中间部分通过多个方面或事例来详细阐述和论证这个观点，最后在结尾部分对前文进行总结和升华。

例如，在一篇论述“阅读的重要性”的文章中，开头可能会点明阅读对于个人成长和知识积累的重要意义，中间分别从拓宽视野、提升思维能力、丰富情感体验等方面进行阐述，结尾则再次强调阅读的不可或缺，并呼吁大家养成良好的阅读习惯。

2、并列结构在这种结构中，文章的各个部分之间是平行的关系，它们共同围绕着主题展开，但彼此之间没有明显的主次之分或先后顺序。

比如，一篇介绍“城市特色”的文章，可以分别从城市的建筑风格、美食文化、民俗风情等几个方面进行并列描述，每个方面都具有同等的重要性。

3、递进结构这种结构的特点是文章内容逐步深入，层次不断提升。

通常是按照从现象到本质、从简单到复杂、从表面到深层的顺序来组织文章。

以“探索成功的秘诀”为例，可能先从一些常见的成功表象说起，如财富、地位等，然后逐渐深入探讨成功背后的努力、坚持、创新等品质，最后揭示出成功的真正内涵在于实现自我价值和对社会的贡献。

4、对比结构通过对比不同的事物或观点，来突出主题或表达作者的立场。

比如，在“传统教育与现代教育”的文章中，会将传统教育的方法、理念与现代教育的特点进行对比，从而分析出两者的优缺点，并提出对未来教育发展的思考。

理解文章的逻辑结构有助于我们快速把握文章的主旨和重点，提高阅读效率。

阅读理解认识总分总结构

第四专题认识总分总结构分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构,即总起——分述——总结。

总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章内容;分述部分是围绕总起句展开的,一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容; 总句一般放在文章结尾部分,对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。

例文赏析：还魂草彭万洲①大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫它还魂草。

②走进密密的槲枥树林,温润的沃土上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑,在落叶上,像圆圆的邮戳,我们扒开落叶,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。

它的大小和我们的手掌差不多,茎细如丝,叶子像一片片花瓣,整个草叶看上去就像盛开的花儿。

我们轻轻地拔起它,小心地抖去根部的泥沙,采集多了,带回家,晾干后收藏起来。

老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身;我们拿它当书签,送给好朋友。

③还魂草真能还魂吗你看,每当我们看书累了,把还魂草从书页中取出,放进盛满清水的杯中,立刻,干细的茎徐徐伸直,干枯的叶片缓缓伸开,颜色又显得那么嫩绿,那么鲜活。

还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!④我喜欢普通又神奇的还魂草。

1.请你认真阅读短文,然后完成下面的填空。

短文主要向我们介绍了( ),共( )个自然段。

第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫它( ）第②自然段共( )句话,分别向我们介绍了还魂草的（ )( )( ）。

第③自然段共( )句话,介绍了还魂草的( )特点。

第④自然段一句话,直接表达了作者的感情——我( )还魂草。

2.现在你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗？3.还魂草的神奇表现在什么地方,用“”画出来。

自己来挑战：最后一栋房①一个人应该如何对待自己的学习和工作我们不妨看看下面这篇小事。

②一位上了年纪的木匠准备退休了,他告诉雇主:“我不想再盖房子了,想和我的老伴过一种更加悠闲的生活,虽然很留恋那份报酬,但我该退休了。

”雇主看到他的好工人要走觉得非常惋惜,于是就问他能不能再建一栋房子。

三年级语文阅读理解答题技巧整理版

阅读理解整理
了解文章主要内容
一、抓住首句读懂一段话
1.中心句：能概括文章主要内容或表达情感（即写作目的）的句子
2.总起句：能概括文段主要内容的句子。

找到它就可以快、准、精地把握文段主要内容、情感。

3.总起句的位置：出现在一段话的开头。

4.辨别方法：认真读第一句话，再看看后面的句子是不是围绕第一句话写的。

一、抓住尾句读懂一段话
1.总结句：段尾处进行总结的句子，能够概括文段主要内容，抒发情感。

2.辨别方法：往往以写感想、写体会、写倡议的方式出现。

理清文章结构
一、认识总分总结构
总分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构，即总起--分述--总结。

总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章内容；分述部分是围绕总起句展开的，一般都是并列地从几个方面表述总起句的内容；总结句一半放在文章的结尾部分，对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。

二、认识先概括再具体结构
1.概括是总写事物的特点、情感；具体是指详细、分述事物的特点或情感。

2.概括和具体是作者根据内容需要作出的详略安排，也是很常用的写作方法。

三、认识因果段式
1.因果段式，一般都是由几句话讲明原因，几句话点明结果。

作者根据需要，安排因果顺序不一：有的原因在前、结果在后；有的结果在前，原因在后。

文中常用“因为”“因此”“所以”等词语表示这种因果关系。

2.这种段式分层时，“因”一层，“果”一层。

3.概括段意的时候以结果为主，有时也把原因简要地概括进去。

四、认识顺承段式
1.。

英语阅读理解中的文章结构与脉络

英语阅读理解中的文章结构与脉络在学习英语的过程中，阅读理解是一个至关重要的环节。

要想在阅读理解中取得好成绩，理解文章的结构与脉络是关键。

这就如同在迷雾中找到指引方向的线索，帮助我们更准确、更快速地把握文章的主旨和关键信息。

首先，我们来谈谈常见的文章结构类型。

一种是“总分总”结构，这在英语文章中颇为常见。

文章开头会提出一个总的观点或主题，然后通过中间的段落展开详细的论述和说明，最后在结尾部分对开头的观点进行总结和强调。

比如一篇讨论“环境保护重要性”的文章，开头可能会点明“环境保护对于人类的生存和发展至关重要”，中间部分会阐述环境污染的现状、危害以及具体的环保措施，结尾则会再次强调保护环境的必要性和紧迫性。

另一种常见的结构是“总分”结构。

文章开篇提出主题和观点，随后的内容都是围绕这个主题进行的阐述和论证，没有单独的总结段落。

例如，在介绍“一种新型科技产品”的文章中，开头介绍该产品的独特之处和创新点，接下来详细说明其功能、优势以及应用场景。

还有“分总”结构，先分别论述不同的方面或观点，最后进行归纳总结。

以“不同文化中的饮食习惯”为例，先分别讲述几个具有代表性的国家或地区的饮食特点，最后总结出文化对饮食习惯的影响。

了解了文章的结构类型，接下来我们要学会如何在阅读中把握文章的脉络。

一个有效的方法是关注段落的主题句。

主题句通常出现在段落的开头或结尾，它概括了段落的主要内容。

通过抓住这些主题句，我们能够快速了解每个段落的核心意思，进而梳理出整篇文章的脉络。

比如，在一段讲述“动物的迁徙习性”的文字中，如果开头的句子是“动物的迁徙往往受到多种因素的影响”，那么接下来的内容很可能就是对这些影响因素的具体说明。

除了主题句，我们还需要留意文章中的关键词和连接词。

关键词能够帮助我们确定文章的重点和主题，而连接词则能让我们清晰地了解段落之间以及句子之间的逻辑关系。

例如，“however”“but”等表示转折的连接词，提示我们前后的内容可能存在对比或相反的观点；“therefore”“so”等表示因果关系的连接词，让我们明白前后内容之间的因果逻辑；“firstly”“secondly”“finally”等序列词则清晰地展现了论述的顺序和层次。

【阅读专项】专题02认识总分总结构(试题)三年级语文部编版_学生版

专题02 认识总分总结构【典型例题】可爱的“蒂娜”①蒂娜是我过七岁生日的时候姥姥送我的生日礼物，它可爱极了。

②它的眼睛黑溜溜的像黑珍珠一样，它的鼻子是棕色的，还总是湿湿的，不过它睡觉的时候却不是湿的，不过它睡觉的时候却不是湿的，当时我以为他生病了，妈妈告诉我这是健康的表现。

它的牙齿尖尖的，看起来很锋利，耳朵是耷拉下来的，不像别的狗的耳朵是立着的，跑起来就像扇子在扇风。

全身的毛都是卷卷的，就像爱美的人们烫过的一样。

它的四肢虽然短，但跑起来特别快，短短的尾巴向上翘起，就像一朵小花。

③蒂娜不仅可爱，还很贪玩。

尤其喜欢和我家对门的那只小狗玩，它们两个只要一碰到一起，任凭你怎么叫它也不肯走。

如果那只小狗不想和它玩了，它会耍赖皮，非往人家身上扑，或者咬住主人的裤脚，似乎在央求人家“再和我玩会儿吧，再和我玩会儿吧”。

这时，我没有办法，只好用“武力”强行把它拽走。

④这就是让我喜欢的蒂娜，它是我最好的朋友，它给我的童年带来了无尽的快乐！想一想：上面这篇文章是按什么顺序记叙的？_____________________________________________________________________ ____________思路导引短文的主人公是_____，它是_____。

第①自然段交代了蒂娜的_____以及它很_____。

第②自然段作者通过描写蒂娜的_____来说明蒂娜的可爱。

第③自然段作者通过描写蒂娜和对门小狗玩耍时的情景来说明蒂娜_____。

第④自然段作者表达了对蒂娜的_____之情。

全文按照总分总的结构来记叙。

其中____________________这句话是一个过渡。

答题模板总分总段式（1）概念：总分总段式是阅读和写作过程中经常运用的一种结构方式，即总起—分述—总结。

（2）总起，一般在文章开头用概括性的语言概述文章内容或是阐明下文分述内容的起因。

分述有两种情况。

一是并列的分述；二是连贯式的分述。

行测言语---如何掌握文段中的“总分结构”？

如何掌握文段中的“总分结构”？对于阅读理解部分，把握整个文段行文脉络则能帮助大家从宏观上确定中心句的位置。

在考试中行文脉络结构无外乎“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”“分—总—分”“分—分”五种结构。

中心理解题需要把握文段的中心句，也就是“总”句，那么接下来，大家先跟着小粉笔一起来学习其中一种结构——“总分结构”吧。

对于“总分”结构，也可以称为“观点+解释说明”结构，首句观点即为文段中心，后文内容均是对首句中心进行的解释说明。

后文解释说明部分，也就是“分述句”，在内容上可以是：1、举例子：“比如”“例如”“……就是例证”等2、调查报告、数据资料等3、正反论证4、原因解释5、并列分述当我们无法直接判断首句为中心时，可以反向确定。

若后文均是“例子”、“原因”、“解释说明”等非重点时，需意识到后文不是重点，应关注首句。

同时总分结构常见的干扰选项为分述句的内容，因此若选项有围绕“例子”、“原因”等非重点内容展开时，也可快速排除。

接下来我们通过两道例题来强化一下这个知识点：真题示例：（2018 江苏）量化历史研究的一部分工作，就是找到合适的量来反映过去。

比如身高数据恰好可以在历史研究，尤其是经济史研究中承担起这样的角色。

在个体层面影响身高的因素有很多。

在社会层面，平均身高和个体青少年时期的生活水平有很密切的关联。

身高会在一定年龄定型，直到老年时期都不会发生太大的变化。

身高相当于“冻结”了过去的社会经济状况，虽然没有琥珀定住虫子那么精确，但已弥足珍贵。

作者通过这段文字主要想说明的是：A.社会经济状况对人体身高有何影响B.经济史研究可以参考人的身体数据C.量化历史研究如何选取恰当的参量D.身高数据“冻结”了社会经济状况答案：C解析：文段首先提出观点，即量化历史研究需要找到合适的参量。

后文通过“比如”举了“身高”这一例子进行说明，通过“个体层面”和“社会层面”说明了身高能够“冻结”过去的社会经济状况，能够承担起量化经济史研究的角色。

认识总分总结构课件

层次分明，重点突
总结词
总分总结构课件的分述部分ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ主题进行逐点阐述，层次分明、条理清晰。同时，总结部分对重点和要点进行强调和突出，使得学习者能够更好地把握课件的核心内容。
详细描述
在总分总结构课件中，分述部分通常采用逐点阐述的方式展开，每个点都有明确的标题或段落划分，使得整个课件层次分明、条理清晰。在总结部分，讲师会对重点和要点进行强调和突出，如使用粗体字、加大字号、改变颜色等方式，以引起学习者的注意和记忆。这种层次分明、重点突出的方式有助于学习者更好地把握课件的核心内容，提高学习效果。
演讲中的总分总结构实例
总结词
演讲中的总分总结构通常表现为先概述演讲主题和要点，然后逐一展开详细内容，最后总结演讲的核心观点。
详细描述
在演讲中，总分总结构表现为开场先简要介绍演讲的主题和要点，让听众对演讲内容有个大致了解。接着，演讲者会逐一展开各个要点，进行深入阐述和论证。最后，在结束时对演讲的核心观点进行总结，加深听众的印象。
策划中的总分总结构实例
总结词
策划中的总分总结构表现为先明确策划目标，然后制定具体的实施方案和步骤，最后总结评估策划效果。
详细描述
在策划过程中，总分总结构首先明确策划的目标和意图，然后根据目标制定具体的实施方案和步骤，包括资源分配、时间安排、人员分工等。最后，对策划效果进行总结和评估，不断优化和完善策划方案。这种结构有助于确保策划的有效性和可行性。
辑连贯。
02 说服力
通过分述部分提供充分的
证据和解释，增强说服力。
04 吸引力开头和结尾部分引起和保持读者兴趣，使内容更具吸引力。
总分总结构的应用
写作中的应用
01 结构清晰

阅读理解-认识总分总结构

第四專題認識總分總結構分總結構是文章經常運用の一種段落結構,即總起——分述——總結。

總起句一般是在第一自然段用一句簡練の話概括文章內容;分述部分是圍繞總起句展開の,一般都是並列地從幾方面表述總起句の內容; 總句一般放在文章結尾部分,對文章進行總結、深化、補充或完善。

例文賞析：還魂草彭萬洲①大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它還魂草。

②走進密密の槲櫪樹林,溫潤の沃土上鋪著一疊厚厚の落葉,從葉縫間篩下の光斑,在落葉上,像圓圓の郵戳,我們扒開落葉,便會在青青の苔蘚上找到還魂草。

它の大小和我們の手掌差不多,莖細如絲,葉子像一片片花瓣,整個草葉看上去就像盛開の花兒。

我們輕輕地拔起它,小心地抖去根部の泥沙,採集多了,帶回家,晾乾後收藏起來。

老人拿它當茶喝,能明目強身;我們拿它當書簽,送給好朋友。

③還魂草真能還魂嗎?你看,每當我們看書累了,把還魂草從書頁中取出,放進盛滿清水の杯中,立刻,幹細の莖徐徐伸直,乾枯の葉片緩緩伸開,顏色又顯得那麼嫩綠,那麼鮮活。

還魂草の生命力就是這麼旺盛!④我喜歡普通又神奇の還魂草。

1.請你認真閱讀短文,然後完成下麵の填空。

短文主要向我們介紹了( ),共( )個自然段。

第①自然段告訴我們大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它( ）第②自然段共( )句話,分別向我們介紹了還魂草の（ )( )( ）。

第③自然段共( )句話,介紹了還魂草の( )特點。

第④自然段一句話,直接表達了作者の感情——我( )還魂草。

2.現在你能看出②③自然段和前後兩個自然段之間有什麼聯繫嗎?3.還魂草の神奇表現在什麼地方,用“”畫出來。

自己來挑戰：最後一棟房①一個人應該如何對待自己の學習和工作?我們不妨看看下麵這篇小事。

②一位上了年紀の木匠準備退休了,他告訴雇主:“我不想再蓋房子了,想和我の老伴過一種更加悠閒の生活,雖然很留戀那份報酬,但我該退休了。

”雇主看到他の好工人要走覺得非常惋惜,於是就問他能不能再建一棟房子。

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件在学习语文的过程中，阅读理解是一项至关重要的技能。

而要有效地解答阅读理解题目，对文章结构的分析则是关键的一环。

本课件将带您深入了解阅读理解题目中的结构分析，帮助您提升阅读理解能力。

一、文章结构的类型1、总分总结构这是一种常见的结构类型，文章开头提出主题，中间进行详细阐述，最后总结归纳，再次强调主题。

例如，在一篇论述“读书的重要性”的文章中，开头可能会指出读书对个人成长的意义重大，中间会从不同方面如增长知识、开阔视野、陶冶情操等来阐述读书的好处，结尾则会总结强调读书是终身受益的事情。

2、总分结构先总述观点或主题，然后分别从不同角度进行论述，没有明确的总结部分。

比如，一篇介绍“中国传统节日”的文章，开头点明中国传统节日丰富多彩，具有深厚的文化内涵，接着逐个介绍春节、元宵节、端午节等节日的特点和习俗。

3、分总结构先分别阐述相关内容，最后进行总结概括。

比如在探讨“不同学习方法的效果”时，先分别阐述几种常见的学习方法，如预习、复习、做笔记等，最后总结出适合自己的学习方法才是最有效的。

二、如何分析文章结构1、关注段落开头和结尾段落的开头和结尾往往包含关键信息，能够提示文章的结构和思路。

开头可能是引出主题或提出观点，结尾可能是总结段落内容或与下文衔接。

2、寻找标志性词语一些标志性的词语可以帮助我们判断文章结构，比如“首先”“其次”“再次”“最后”等表示顺序的词，“总之”“综上所述”等表示总结的词。

3、理清段落之间的关系分析段落之间是并列关系、递进关系还是转折关系等。

并列关系的段落通常是从不同方面阐述同一主题；递进关系则是逐步深入地论述；转折关系则意味着观点或内容的转变。

三、结构分析在阅读理解题中的应用1、概括文章主要内容通过分析结构，能够清晰地把握文章的重点和要点，从而准确概括主要内容。

比如在总分总结构的文章中，重点通常在开头的总述和结尾的总结部分。

2、理解作者的写作意图了解文章结构有助于理解作者的写作意图。

阅读理解——总起句,总结句,过渡句

阅读理解——总起句,总结句,过渡句第一节了解文章的主要内容一、抓住首句读懂一段话知识点：（背诵理解）1、中心句：能概括文章主要内容或者表达情感的句子。

2、总起句：能概括文段主要内容的句子。

找到它就可以快、准、精地把握文段主要内容、情感。

3、总起句的位置：出现在一段话的开头。

4、辨别方法：认真读第一句话，再看看后面的句子是不是围绕第一句话写的。

（一）下面这一段话主要讲了什么内容？一群小鸟在屋檐下躲雨，他们在争论一个有趣的问题：春雨到底是什么颜色的？小白鸽说：“春雨是无色的，你们伸手接几滴瞧瞧吧。

”小燕子说：“不对，春雨是绿色的。

你们瞧，春雨落在草地上，草地绿了；春雨淋在柳树上，柳树绿了。

”麻雀说；“不，不！春雨是红色的。

你们瞧，春雨洒在桃树上，桃花红了；春雨滴在杏树上，杏花红了。

”小黄莺说：“不对，不对，春雨是黄色的。

不是吗？它落在油菜地里，油菜花黄了；它落在蒲公英上，蒲公英的花也黄了。

”春雨听了大家的争论，下得更欢了，沙沙沙，沙沙沙，它好像在说：“亲爱的小鸟们，你们的话都对，但都没说全面。

我本身是无色的，但我给春天的大地万紫干红。

”思路点拨1、请先说说短文中都写了谁？2、分角色朗读，它们说了什么？它们在讨论什么话题？3、你在文中找到相应的句子了吗？这段话是围绕____________________________________________写的。

（二）自己来挑战秋天的雨，有一盒五彩缤纷的颜料。

你看，它把黄色给了银杏树，黄黄的叶子像一把把小扇子，扇啊扇啊，扇走了夏天的炎热。

它把红色给了枫树，红红的枫叶像一枚枚邮票，飘哇飘哇，邮来了秋天的凉爽。

金黄色是给田野的，看，田野像金色的海洋。

橙红色是给果树的，橘子、柿子你挤我碰，争着要人们去摘呢！菊花仙子得到的颜色就更多了，紫红的、淡黄的、雪白的······美丽的菊花在秋雨里频频点头。

思路点拨第一步：第一句：秋天的雨，有一盒五彩缤纷的颜料。

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件在学习语文的过程中，阅读理解是一项重要的能力。

而要做好阅读理解题目，对文章结构的分析是关键。

本课件将带您深入了解阅读理解题目中结构分析的方法和技巧。

一、什么是文章结构文章结构，简单来说，就是作者组织和安排材料的方式。

就像盖房子，我们需要先设计好框架，然后再往里填充砖头、水泥等材料。

文章也是如此，作者需要先构思好结构，再把内容填充进去，使文章条理清晰、层次分明。

常见的文章结构有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。

总分总结构是先总述观点或主题，然后分别从不同方面进行阐述，最后再总结归纳；总分结构则是先提出总的观点或主题，然后进行具体的阐述；分总结构则是先分别阐述，最后总结得出总的观点或主题。

二、为什么要分析文章结构分析文章结构有助于我们更好地理解文章的内容和作者的意图。

通过了解文章的结构，我们能够迅速把握文章的重点和脉络，提高阅读效率。

比如，在总分总结构的文章中，我们知道开头的总述部分往往包含了文章的核心观点，而中间的分述部分则是对核心观点的具体解释和论证。

这样，我们在阅读时就能有针对性地关注重点内容，快速抓住文章的主旨。

此外，分析文章结构对于回答阅读理解题目也非常有帮助。

很多题目都会涉及到对文章结构的考查，比如要求找出文章的中心句、划分段落层次、概括段落大意等。

只有掌握了文章结构的分析方法，我们才能准确地回答这些问题。

三、如何分析文章结构1、关注文章的开头和结尾文章的开头往往会引出主题或提出问题，结尾则通常会总结观点或得出结论。

因此，仔细阅读开头和结尾，有助于我们快速了解文章的大致内容和结构。

例如，一篇文章的开头写道：“春天是一个充满生机和希望的季节。

”那么我们可以初步判断这篇文章可能是围绕春天的特点和意义来展开的。

2、寻找标志性的语句有些文章中会有一些标志性的语句，如“首先”“其次”“最后”“综上所述”等，这些语句可以帮助我们划分文章的段落层次，明确作者的写作思路。

比如，文中出现“首先，春天的景色美不胜收；其次，春天给人们带来了新的希望；最后，春天是万物复苏的季节。

北京高考英语阅读理解--文章结构总分总

阅读专题一：文章结构之总分总结构2017朝阳期末CBrilliant Autumn ColorsAs trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.Dr. Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae (幼虫) come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.Dr. Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution (进化) of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out there.A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time the leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are gone,” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost (冰冻) injury —in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction to the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be weakened and the leaves will break off.Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said. “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are.”63. According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between ______.A. the size of leaves and the survival of insectsB. the size of leaves and the behavior of insectsC. the color of leaves and the quality of insectsD. the color of leaves and the number of insects64. Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that ______.A. climate has an influence on the color of the leavesB. sun damage and frost injury drive the insects awayC. the color of autumn leaves has a protective functionD. autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves65. The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. catchB. attractC. ignoreD. prevent66. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A ．B ．C DCP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion DCDBP Sp Sp C P C P C Sp Sp C P P C CP P P C S C S S P SRole-Playing in Child DevelopmentPlaying is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing. This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person. Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out a story. These activities enable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able to organize others and to give directions. Children’s social skills can also be developed. When engaged in group activities, children have different roles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about coo peration and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimes children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate(模仿)real-life situations. They might dress up and assume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.67. From the author’s description in Paragraph 4, we learn that children often .A. involve daily-life activities in groupsB. act out the activities that their parents doC. perform daily tasks instead of their parentsD. change real-life situation when role-playing68. The author believes that role-playing may help children .A. develop a better awareness of grammarB. receive benefits from their emotional painC. improve creativity by using their imaginationsD. understand how to be both leaders and followers69. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A. ignoreB. confirmC. overcomeD. predict70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A B C DI: Introduction P:Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBDCABenefits of Cross-Country SkiingCross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits .The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross- country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing. The average best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic-17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way.Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles as a means of propulsion, the force that drives skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength.Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists indicating that regular physical activity increases the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.Cross-country skiing is a great way to work the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!63. The underlined word “workout” means_______.A. mannerB. exerciseC. applicationD. opportunity64. According to the passage, we can learn that cross-country skiing ______.A. requires the use of most muscle groupsB. offers students a unique way to keep fitC. can increase the athletes’ resting heart ratesD. can balance out the skiers’ increased calories65. How does the author prove the benefits of skiing in the fifth paragraph?A. By making comments.B. By giving examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By giving explanations.66．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A B C DCP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBADC 2012朝阳二模CWhy texting harms your IQThe regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improve d stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and chan ging their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”63. We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.A. has a positive influence on one’s IQB. results in the change of part of the brainC. lies in the problem of lack of concentrationD. is caused by too much use of modern technology64. The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.A. the important function of advanced technologyB. the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habitsC. the relevance between IQ and use of modern technologyD. the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness65. The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.A. examined carefullyB. copied patientlyC. corrected quicklyD. admitted freely66. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionDCAB2012朝阳期末CRetirement AgeRetirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to implement company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．Allowing old people to work indefinitely （无限地）, however, is not always a good policy．Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability．Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives．Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization．On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure．They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．63．According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.A．they will help the business not to fail quicklyB．they have grasped much practical experienceC．they need to have a sense of achievementD．they want to learn more knowledge64．The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".A．take overB．work onC．get rid ofD．carry out65．The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that ______．A．older people can' t do their work wellB．young people usually have new ideasC．it is better for older people to retire on timeD．older people would like to do something else66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?BDCA2013朝阳二模CIt often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position. In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview.There are many arguments about the interview as a selection procedure. The main argument against it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate, but the one who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidate’s likely performance. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.Those in favour of the interview insist that the well-structured procedure is valid in assessing a candidate’s ability, an essential guarantee for the future job. They also argue that an employer is concerned not only with a candidate’s ability, but with the suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary so long as she has a pleasant personality. Perhaps the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability.Today, interview is still the key section of the entire selection procedure, though different employers have different standards for competence. Generally speaking, candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful; direct and straight-forward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt.63.We can infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretary’s occasional mistakes if the latter is _____.A. directB. shyC. cheerfulD. competent64.What is the author’s attitude towards the interview as a selection proced ure?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Unconcerned.65.The last paragraph indicates _____.A. a link between success in interview and personalityB. connections between work abilities and personalityC. differences in interview experienceD. differences in personal behaviour66.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionCCAB2011朝阳二模CNuclear energy is a controversial topic．There has been widespread public debate over it．It seems that the nuclear energy is either a gigantic disaster waiting to happen or the all-powerful way of the future.It is often believed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society with a huge demand for commercial products of all kinds. Besides, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase assumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe nuclear energy provides an endless and economical source of power and that it is therefore fundamental for an industrially developing society. Among other advantages is that nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents a great step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel.However, opponents(people who oppose something)of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct danger not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Environmentalists argue in the long run nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Furthermore, it is questionable whether nuclear power is a cheap source of energy when everything is considered. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium（铀）in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market.In spite of the case against nuclear energy above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding, which assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments in both sides, it seems that there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.63．What’s the writer’s attitude towa rd nuclear energy?A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Tolerant. D．Apprectiative.64．According to the opponents, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?A．Primitive. B．Endless C．Cheap. D．Unsafe.65．Some people believe that nuclear energy is the most important because .A．nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few staff.B．it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society.C．it represents a huge step forward in our scientific evolution..D．it provides a perfect way out to increase employment66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点）C: ConclusionBDBA2011海淀期末DThe Celebration ExperimentIn the 1960s, Walt Disney pictured in the mind a future utopian city with underground roads and a climate-controlled round roof. The real community of Celebration, Florida, built in 1999, applies the social and environmental goals of both Disney and the New Urbanism movement.Disney and the New Urbanism have imagined communities that promote social and local communication. Celebration has a central Market Street district to reduce traffic and encourage social contacts. The idea is that if the downtown area is neatly and closely ranked, people will walk and meet their neighbors. Downtown events like art festivals also bring citizens together. Narrow, tree-lined streets are “traffic calm”—with slower speed limits—to encourage bicycling and walking.Moreover, housing in Celebration includes both single- and multi-family houses that encourages socialization. Apartment buildings are located close to downtown, and houses are built close together with small yards. They feature entrance halls to encourage citizens to socialize.“Many aspects of that kind of design are really aimed at maximizing social communication between citizens, not just on the streets but also in community institutions that are very much a part of public life there,” says Andrew Ross, a New York University professor who lived in Celebration for one year.Utopian communities such as Celebration are also designed with environmental protection in mind. The town itself is built on 4,900 acres surrounded by a 4,700 acre protected greenbelt. The greenbelt parks, and common areas accommodate native wildlife and animals.High-rise office and apartment buildings provide close office and living space in a small geographic area in order to reduce urban sprawl, the spread of today’s cities onto nat ure areas. Buildings also minimize environmental influence by using cooling and electric systems with insulated（绝缘的;隔热的）glass, cooling towers, and energy-saving lamps.“The town more or less borrows very heavily from New Urbanist principles … to create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than vehicles,” Ross said.67. Celebration mentioned in the passage is a __________.A. city offering living spacesB. community promoting socializationC. special occasion in the marketD. downtown area with high buildings68. The purpose of holding Art festivals mentioned in Paragraph 2 is to __________.A. exhibit art worksB. attract artists for profitsC. encourage communicationD. reduce downtown traffic69. The underlined word “sprawl” in Paragraph 6 may be replaced by “ ________”.A. expansionB. organizationC. restrictionD. exploration70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point(次要点) C: ConclusionBCABThere is a boy called Bill in my gym class who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant．Recently another boy told Bill that he should "go Ajax" his teeth．Bill was crushed．If the other boy had been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation．He could have dealt with it with tact．He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that's "tact"．If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful．Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set．Unfortunately, he used furniture polish, which produced an oily film on the television screen．My mother smiled arid thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly．Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect．Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact．"Tactfulness" also requires "truthfulness"．Doctors, for example must be truthful．If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity．The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available．Doctors must use tact with patients' relatives as well．Instead of bluntly saying, "Your husband is disabled," a doctor might say, "I'm sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and．．．"Tact should not be confused with trickery．Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection（注射）and says, "This won't hurt a bit．" Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it．It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits．Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected．Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in．68．The underlined word "crushed" in the first paragraph probably means____．A．surprisedB．cheatedC．regretfulD．painful69．According to the author, his mother's praise for the brother is ____．A．sensitive and tactfulB．sensitive but not tactful enoughC．truthful but not tactful enoughD．sensitive but trickish70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?（The numbers stand for the paragraphs）CDBCThe Loss of InnocenceInnocence is such a precious gift. It’s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind. Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards the racial differences of others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a good job in life, or provide income for their families, which would hurt the lives of children.The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods.Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps inn ocence was meant to be lost. It was god’s will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything.All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.63.The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _______.A. avoidedB. condemnedC. acceptedD. encouraged64. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _______.A. proper education would be providedB. there would be no racial discriminationC. more happy families would be guaranteedD. people would realize their childhood dreams65. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _____.A. motivational willB. mental abilityC. adventurous ambitionsD. needed goodsP: Point 次要点CBAA。

三年级理解文章结构技巧

三年级理解文章结构技巧对于三年级的小朋友来说，理解文章结构是阅读和写作中一项重要的技能。

就像盖房子需要先有一个稳固的框架一样，文章也有它自己的结构。

掌握了文章结构，就能更好地理解作者的意思，也能让自己写出来的文章更有条理。

一、什么是文章结构文章结构简单来说，就是文章内容的组织方式。

它就像是一个地图，告诉我们作者是怎么安排材料、展开叙述的。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总这几种。

总分总结构，就是先总的说一说，然后分别详细讲一讲，最后再总结一下。

比如说写“我的学校”，先总的介绍学校很美丽，然后分别说校园的花草树木美、教学楼美、操场美，最后再总结学校是个让人喜欢的好地方。

总分结构呢，一般是先总体概括，然后具体展开。

像写“我最喜欢的动物是猫”，先总说喜欢猫，然后具体说猫的可爱模样、活泼的性格。

分总结构则是先分别叙述，最后总结归纳。

比如写“四季的景色”，先分别讲春天的生机、夏天的热闹、秋天的丰收、冬天的宁静，最后总结四季各有各的美。

二、为什么要理解文章结构理解文章结构有很多好处呢。

首先，能帮助小朋友们更快地抓住文章的主要内容。

就像在一堆玩具里能迅速找到自己最喜欢的那个一样，知道了结构，就能一下子明白作者最想说的是什么。

其次，有助于提高阅读理解能力。

当遇到不认识的字词或者不太懂的句子时，通过对结构的把握，也能大概猜出意思。

而且，理解了文章结构，对写作文也很有帮助。

自己写的时候就能更清楚怎么安排段落，让文章更清楚明白。

三、怎样理解文章结构那怎么才能理解文章结构呢？这有几个小技巧。

第一，要学会找关键句。

很多文章在开头或者结尾会有总结性的句子，这些句子往往能告诉我们文章的主要内容和结构。

第二，注意段落的开头和结尾。

有时候段落的开头会点明这一段要说什么，结尾会做个小总结。

第三，关注过渡句。

比如“不仅如此”“另外”“然而”这些词后面的句子，往往是在转换话题或者进一步说明。

第四，多做阅读练习。

读的文章多了，自然就能更敏锐地感受到不同的结构。

初三语文阅读题解题技巧分析文章结构

初三语文阅读题解题技巧分析文章结构在初三语文学习中，阅读题占据着重要的地位。

而学会分析文章结构，是解答阅读题的关键技巧之一。

这不仅有助于我们更好地理解文章的主旨和作者的意图，还能提高答题的准确性和效率。

首先，我们要明白什么是文章结构。

简单来说，文章结构就是作者组织材料、表达观点的框架和方式。

就像建造房屋需要有稳固的框架一样，一篇好的文章也需要有清晰合理的结构来支撑。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总等形式。

总分总结构是许多文章采用的模式。

在这种结构中，作者往往先提出一个总的观点或主题，然后通过具体的事例、论据来进行阐述和论证，最后再总结归纳，强调主题。

比如，在一篇论述“友谊的重要性”的文章中，作者可能会先开篇点明“友谊是人生中不可或缺的一部分”，接着分别从“友谊能带来快乐”“友谊能给予支持和鼓励”“友谊能帮助我们成长”等方面展开论述，最后总结强调友谊的珍贵和我们应当珍惜友谊。

总分结构则是先提出总的观点，然后围绕这个观点进行详细的阐述，没有专门的总结部分。

例如，一篇关于“读书的好处”的文章，可能开头就说“读书对个人的发展有着诸多好处”，随后便具体论述读书可以增长知识、开阔视野、陶冶情操等。

分总结构与总分结构相反，作者先分别阐述各个方面的内容，最后得出一个总的结论。

比如，一篇介绍“几种有效的学习方法”的文章，会先依次介绍几种学习方法，如制定学习计划、做好笔记、及时复习等，最后总结指出选择适合自己的学习方法并持之以恒地运用才能提高学习效果。

那么，在初三语文阅读题中，我们如何分析文章结构呢？第一步，要快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和体裁。

不同的体裁往往有不同的结构特点。

比如记叙文通常按照事情的发展顺序，包括开端、发展、高潮和结局；议论文则多采用上述提到的总分总、总分或分总结构；说明文则常按照事物的特征或事理的逻辑顺序来组织。

第二步，关注文章的开头和结尾。

开头部分常常会点明主题或引出下文，结尾部分则可能总结全文或深化主题。

什么是总分总的作文结构方式总分总写作方式的优点

什么是总分总的作文结构方式总分总写作方式的优点
总分总结构就是这篇作文大致由总起、分论和总结这样三个部分构成，从而谋篇布局的。

首先明确你要写什么，然后开头结尾两段相呼应，这两段要对你所写的内容有一个总的概括。

其他部分自由发挥，注意不要离题。

总分总写作方式的优点
文章一般分为“总分”、“分总”和“总分总”三种结构方式。

所谓“总”就是文章的总起或总结，是文章的中心思想。

“分”指的是分层叙述。

“总分总”的结构是先抛出文章的中心思想，再分层叙述，逐层深入，最后对文章加以总结。

相对于“分总”的结构方式，“总分总”的结构在一开始就将文章要点就交代清楚，使读者能在最短时间内了解文章最重要的信息，有效地稳定了读者的阅读情绪。

相对于“总分”的结构方式，“总分总”的结构在结尾处对文章整体内容作以收尾、总结，与开篇内容遥相呼应，使文章脉络互相贯通，各部分各有特点又紧密联系。

当然，这几种结构方式都有各自的特点，写文章时，具体运用哪一种结构方式还要依文章的内容和特点而定。

总分总结构内容
分论部分：分成几个部分，来对总起部分提及的这个现象、问题或者观点从不同层面和角度进行论述，提出各个部分的分论点，然后分别寻找论据进行论证和论述。

而在各个分论之间呢，一般也都是有着内在逻辑关系的，步步为营、不断深入，服从服务于作文核心议题。

总结部分：从内容上看，它的目的是呼应作文开篇时的总起的同时，对分论部分所形成的分论点进行概括和总结，呈现研究结论；从形式上看，总结既可以是列出一个标题来进行总结，也可以只是一两个段落。

然后作文也就随之结束。