英国文学选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史是世界文学史中的重要组成部分，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的众多文学作品和作家。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些英国文学史上的重要时期和作品，以帮助大家更好地理解和复习这一领域。
1. 中世纪文学中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，以骑士文学和宗教文学为主要形式。
《贝奥武夫》是中世纪英国文学中最重要的作品之一，讲述了贝奥武夫与怪物格伦德尔的战斗。
此外，中世纪还有许多神秘的抒情诗歌和教会文学，如《悲歌》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。
2. 文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学史上的黄金时代，代表作家包括莎士比亚、斯宾塞和培根。
莎士比亚的戏剧作品是世界文学的瑰宝，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》。
斯宾塞的史诗《仙后》也是这一时期的杰作，描绘了亚瑟王的传奇故事。
3. 17世纪文学17世纪是英国文学史上的变革时期，文学形式更加多样化。
约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》是这一时期的代表作之一，探讨了人类的堕落和救赎。
约翰·唐纳的戏剧作品《魔法师》则展示了他对权力和政治的深刻洞察力。
4. 18世纪文学18世纪是英国文学史上启蒙时代的兴起，代表作家包括亚历山大·蒲柏和塞缪尔·约翰逊。
蒲柏的诗歌作品《伊甸园》和《人类的悲剧》探讨了人类的自由意志和苦难。
约翰逊的《英语词典》对英语语言的规范化和发展起了重要作用。
5. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是19世纪英国文学的重要流派，代表作家包括威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。
华兹华斯的诗歌作品《抒情诗集》和《普雷德斯》强调了自然和个人情感的重要性。
柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》则表达了对自然的热爱和对社会不公的关注。
6. 维多利亚时代文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上的繁荣时期，代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯和艾米莉·勃朗特。
狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。
英国文学选读课后复习资料
英国文学选读Of Studies P181.We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s< of studies> in our access to information?Our planet is developing forward. The fast-moving development of science and technology makes it more convenient for students to get sufficient and effective information by countless ways. That is the external condition for our study, which we can appropriately make full use of. But what we have to keep in mind is that the eternal master of study is no one but ourselves in the process of studying.2.In what sense does reading make a full man?Reading makes a full man. Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Reading histories makes people learn lessons from the ancient time, avoid making the same mistakes and predict the development of things. People who read histories will be wiser than these who just act according to their own preferences without learning from histories. Reading poem s makes people learn the beauty of language, the beautiful classical style of art and live a poetic life. People who read poems will be wittier than these who haven’t feel the beautiful mood and pure life. Reading mathematics makes people focus on the accurate calculation, develop a scientific attitude, and form a pragmatic spirit. People who read mathematics will be more subtle to consider things from all aspects and do things from the drop carefully than these who don’t read. Reading natural philosophy makes people pursue truth, explore the unknown mystery, and practice actively. People who read natural philosophy will be deeper than these who don’t learn the theory of reflecting the truth. Readingmoral makes peopl e learn the way of harmony living, form the principle of ethical behaviors and develop correct outlooks on values. People who read moral will be graver than these who behave without correct principles and can’t deal with different relationships.Reading log ic makes people master the rules of thinking, dealing with different things and exploring objective reality. People who read logic will be more contend to have clear ideas, mater the principles of objective truth than these who don’t act according to rules.Different kinds of reading materials play different roles in making a full man. People should get into different reading fields and train themselves to become a comprehensive talent. Reading will do good to one’s physical health according to some reading materials of physical training. What’s more important, reading promotes the development of logic thinking and morality. People can be called a full man on condition that they have fine quality, delicate self-cultivation and strict morality. Try to read extensively and become a full man .Poems:Hamlet P81.Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet 's can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind.Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscover’d count ry, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3.What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kil ls himself . So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P131.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? (Page 14)The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This quest ion is comparing “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer days are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the poet gives the feeling again that the summer months are often too short by saying, "And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6) as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various aspects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die.At last two lines , the poet explains how the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike summer days. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13) the poem is outwardly a simple statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer.At last , the poet starts to praise that the beloved is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see, so long lives this and this gives life to thee.”(line 13 、14 ) that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.2. What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer’s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complex ion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “love” or “beauty” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.The Tiger P501. Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. So either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God.I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will cause social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty.2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilitiesThe tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the firstpart, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fifth part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand.The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P571.What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem? <Reference>Theme of Man and the Natural World : Wordsworth is the granddaddy of all nature poets, and he’s in top form in "I wandered lonely as a Cloud." In her journal entry about the day in question, Wordsworth's sister Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange place, next to a lake and under some trees. "How’d those get there?" she wondered, even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake. The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time, as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows. Wordsworth’s nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability, but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind.Theme of Happiness"I wandered lonely as a Cloud" is a poem that just makes you feel good about life. It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to fine new friends in the world around you. As John Milton famously wrote, "The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven." The speaker of this poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happiness does not last forever –he’s not that unrealist ic – but the daffodils give him a little boost of joy whenever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.Theme of SpiritualityThe 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase "natural supernaturalism," which has been used by later critics to describe how the Romantic poets, and especially Wordsworth, viewed the natural world as a spiritual realm. The idea is that Heaven comes down to earth and is viewed as part of the world. This poem illustrates the principle of natural supernaturalism. The daffodils are like angels and twinkling stars, and the "bliss" of heaven occurs in speaker’s imagination. He uses Christian ideas and images to make an ode to nature without any reference to God.Theme of Memory and the Past"I wandered lonely as a Cloud" is almost like a simpler version of " Tintern Abbey ," one of Wordsworth’s other most famous works. In both poems, the memory of beautiful things serves as a comfort to the speaker even after the experience of viewing them has ended. He can always draw on his imagination to reproduce the joy of the event and to remember the spiritual wisdom that it provided. In the case of "I wandered lonely as a Cloud," we do not realize just how far in the future the speaker’s perspective is located until the fourth stanza, when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him.2.Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?I think nature can have healing effect on mind, but the precondition is that the nature should be peaceful and earthly. Let’s imagine a scene. At the very beginning, we felt a little sad. Then, we place ourselves at a peaceful and clean lake. We sit on the comfortable and green grass. There are several wild flowers on the grass. Some little birds are walking near us with chirp. We can breathe the smell of the earth. When we are watching it glistening in the sunshine, there may be a smile on our face again. Nobody will be not touched in this condition unless there is something wrong with his mind. It is just like a picture. Or it is just like a clean bracing and ethereal melody. We can close our eyes to listen to it without any distracting thoughts. It always can comfort our hearts, and we will not feel that desperate. Every time I feel not happy I will listen to a piece of piano music. That makes me good, all my fidgeting will go away from me. Sometimes I will reflect where the problem is. Peaceful music is just like the nature. Both they can give me a kind of feeling like mother. Do not be scared at all. Sometimes I suppose if the criminal can live in the nature and experience it, they will not do that evil. In another hand, those artists maybe can not create the works. As the author said, a host of golden daffodils beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze. The memory made him excited and brought his lonely heart happiness. If a writer does not watch any beautiful scenery, I believe he or she can’t be a good writer. Peaceful nature is a place people can release themselves and remove the unhappiness. In this circumstance, the writer digs their inspiration.Yes, I think so. Some people may think that our nature has been highly polluted by our human beings. And it won’t have any effects on us. The others may think the nature has bad influence on our bodies because of the contamination. But I think nature must have a lot of healing effect on mind. As the development of the society, people may meet more and more difficulties, and it may lead to more stress. For example, when a person has worked for a long time, it is hard for him to do more. He would like to spend sometime travelling to somewhere. The place is best to be beautiful, clean, comfortable, with clear sky and green grass. People can breathe the fresh air there. When he lies on the grass and watches the sky, he may forget all the stress on work. The only thing he can do is to enjoy the charming scenery and great nature.Nature also can affect people when they are ill especially serious disease. The patient may feel their life meaningless. At that time, their families will take them to a remote place. They may also let the patient have a pet. During the feeding period, the patient may feel that a life is so difficult to bring up. He will heal the spirit to live. Differentpeople have di fferent ideas. I can’t say that nature doesn’t have mischief, but in my opinion, its good effects are more.Novels:The Canterbury Tales1.How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales?Early spring. General tone: happy, easy, lively, humorous.2.Character of the Knight?The knight displays many traits which make him seem almost too good to be true, and a true gentleman that rarely exists in reality. The knight holds four main admirable traits, making him the most liked traveler in "The Canterbury Tales," and also amplying the doubt of his realism. From the characters impressive introduction, it is clear that this man is the most valued and honorable traveler among the group. This perfect gentleman holds a love of ideals that are often not displayed by people. First and foremost, he believes in the ideals of chivalry, and always stays true to its principles. He also feels that one should be honest, truthful and faithful, which many people are not all of these ideals. The knight thinks one should only do what is right, and what will gain him honor and reputation. This character also believes in freedom and generosity towards all, and displays this ideal repeatedly throughout the novel. And lastly, the knight also strongly feels that any proper person should display courtesy and elegance at all times.Another aspect of this character's life which makes him seem too prestigious to be truthful is his impressive military career. He fought in the holy war, The knight obviously held a very respectable reputation, and was treated with much honor and respect. He was a perfect gentleman, showing kindness and understanding to everyone he came in contact with. The knight was extremely well-mannered, always being on his best behavior. His appearance was the "finishing touch," adding honor and integrity to his courageous and gentle spirit. This main character was clothed still in his armor, wearing a tunic of harsh cloth and his coat of mail is rust-stained, clearly showing remaining signs of past battles.The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe P331.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is it important for him to keep track of time?A good way. He doesn’t want to forget time. For a civilized man, time is precious.2.From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious, self-reliant, clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted).Pride and Prejudice P651.Do you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What’s the relationship between money and marriage?I do not agree with the statement. I think it is wrong to get married for money and position, but at the same time it is idiot to do not consider money and position. In thisnovel, we can see the hero Darcy proposed marriage to Eliza but failed every time. Because Eliza has prejudice on Darcy and hated his pride actually. This kind of pride is a reaction from position’s differences. Unless the pride disappears, it will be possible that they could get married. Then El iza observed Darcy’s doing, especially found his changing on his pride. She removed her prejudice and got married with Darcy. From the distinct attitudes to Darcy, It’s not difficult to find Eliza maintained women should pursue their right of personality independence and fairness. And this attitude reflected Austen’s view of marriage as well. Therefore, she maintained that we can not get married for money and see marriage as a game. She stressed the significance of ideal marriage, and love is the cornerstone. Through this novel Jane Austen tried to tell people must take some action and reflect, then there will be hope. Because respection is not native, we can only get it from our action and reflection. Here, we can easily discover author thought women should have self respect and be independent. What women want is not just money, they also need the respect and right. Marriage is not a trade. It is impossible that I give you money, then you will marry me. There is a third thing——love. If two people love each other, they will not break up because of how much money he own..2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her?Mrs. Bennet’s mind was less difficult to understand. She was a woman of poor understanding, little information and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she imagined herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married, the solace of her life was visiting and news. Mrs Bennet is a woman who cares for nothing more than to have her daughters married off. A reference from the last chapter book which supports this statement is "Happy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters." I also see that Mrs Bennet is extremely fickle and changes her mind quickly. Mrs Bennet is a woman who thrives on gossip. It is almost all she cares about.3.What makes Elizabeth feel so grateful to Darcy? How does Darcy respond to her.( P71)Elizabeth ’s sister Lydia has always been frivolous and she r uns away with Wayne , who is poor and hypocritical. This behavior is not recognized at that time which destroys the Bennet’s reputation. The whole family feels ashamed, especially Elizabeth. Although Lydia has the plan to marry Wayne, Wayne, as a playboy, considers everything as a game. Elizabeth is so worried with her poor sister, so she decides to leave her hometown to find her sister. Fortunately, Darcy gives a helping hand. He finds them and tries his best to convince Lydia to come back. Faced with Wa yne’s greedy, he doesn’t flinch. He pays the debts for Wayne and gives Lydia a large amount of money. In order to help them, he also buys an official post for Wayne. Besides these, Darcy is also very gentle, he doesn’t expose Wayne so as to protect the whole family’s reputation. He does everything for Elizabeth, he doesn’t want her to be harmed. Darcy is proud at the beginning, which makes Elizabeth hate him so much, but after he has done so many things, Elizabeth’s prejudice is eliminated and she feels so grateful to Darcy.Darcy feels sorry at the beginning. He is also surprised and excited. Originally, Darcy doesn’t want Elizabeth to know everything. He doesn’t help her sister for certain purpose. Generally, he is delighted that Elizabeth is not so indifferent to him as before. He has never wanted to get her gratitude, but this time he feels hopeful. He tells Elizabeth that all his done was for her only, because it’s only her in his heart. He shows his affections to her again which makes Elizabeth so embarrassed. Darcy also apologizes for his pride in the past time. Now, they have cleared up the misunderstanding. It’s a turning point of their emotional journey.参考资料：Unit 1Chaucer ---The Canterbury Tales1.Symbol: Springtimethe beginning of things is exactly what the poem emphasizes in its description of springtime, talking about how the wind spreads the seeds that peek their heads above the soil as they begin to grow into crops, and how birds begin their mating season.The poem might start this way in order to remind us how pilgrimages are also a start of new beginnings. See, the idea of a pilgrimage is that you start on a journey of repentance, beginning a new life, one free from sin. In the beginning of the poem, then, the springtime is a symbol of the new beginnings and the creation of new lives the pilgrims are about to undertake.2.Allegory 寓言: Pilgrimage from London to CanterburyIt's probable that the pilgrims' journey from London to Canterbury represents another journey that was very important to a medieval person: the journey from Earth to Heaven. As the journey begins, we have a sinful group of pilgrims, many of whom are hiding various vices and dirty secrets. Their pilgrimage is meant to be a journey of repentance, so that by the time they reach Canterbury, they will be fully cleansed of these sins. Thus, in this allegory, the tavern 客栈represents the sinful life on Earth, while Canterbury represents the sin-free life in heaven all people are trying to reach3. Social significance of the poemThe Canterbury Tales is more than a mere collection of true-to-life pictures. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praised man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time, as the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of judge and so on. With especially formidable force Chaucer attacks the corruption of the church.Unit 2Shakespeare----Hamlet哈姆雷特是莎士比亚精心塑造的人文主义者的形象，他对人自身、对人类的明天满怀热爱和信心, 有着无比的智慧, 人文主义教育使他胸怀远大抱负但突破其来的巨变，使他遭受了那样多的不快，他无忧无虑、明朗爽快的性格发生了变化。
英国文学选读复习资料
英国文学选读复习资料英国文学选读复习资料英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了众多经典作品和文学流派。
对于学习英国文学的学生来说，复习资料的准备是至关重要的。
本文将为大家提供一些关于英国文学选读的复习资料，帮助大家更好地准备考试。
1. 莎士比亚戏剧莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
在复习莎士比亚戏剧时，可以重点关注他的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》和《李尔王》。
这些作品涉及到人性、权力、背叛等主题，是莎士比亚戏剧的代表作。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最著名的女作家之一，她的小说以描写社会风俗和爱情婚姻为主题，作品充满了幽默和讽刺。
复习时可以选择她的代表作《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等，了解奥斯汀小说中的女性形象和社会风尚。
3. 罗伯特·勃朗宁和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁的诗歌罗伯特·勃朗宁和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁是19世纪英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表人物。
他们的诗歌作品充满了情感和想象力，涉及到爱情、宗教、社会等多个领域。
复习时可以选择他们的代表作品，如罗伯特·勃朗宁的《我的最后的那一首诗》和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁的《葡萄牙之歌》。
4. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最重要的小说家之一，他的作品揭示了当时社会的阶级分化和人性的复杂性。
复习时可以选择他的代表作《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等，了解狄更斯小说中的社会批判和人道主义思想。
5. 威廉·莎士比亚的诗歌除了戏剧作品，莎士比亚还有许多优秀的诗歌作品。
他的诗歌涉及到爱情、自然、时间等主题，语言优美、意境深远。
复习时可以选择他的一些著名sonnet，如《十四行诗集》中的第18首和第130首，了解莎士比亚诗歌的特点和主题。
6. 珍·奥斯汀的小说珍·奥斯汀是19世纪英国最重要的女作家之一，她的小说以描写女性生活和婚姻为主题，作品充满了幽默和洞察力。
英国文学史及选读复习资料
英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学历史悠久而丰富多样，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的各个时期和流派。
在这篇文章中，我们将探索英国文学史的一些重要时期和作品，并提供一些选读复习资料，帮助读者更好地了解和掌握英国文学。
中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，其代表作品包括《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。
《贝奥武夫》是一部史诗，描写了勇敢的英雄贝奥武夫的冒险故事。
《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部讲述了一群人在前往坎特伯雷朝圣途中分享故事的作品，通过这些故事，揭示了中世纪社会的各个层面。
文艺复兴时期是英国文学史的重要里程碑，该时期的作品受到古希腊罗马文化的影响，充满了人文主义的精神。
莎士比亚是这一时期最杰出的作家之一，他的作品包括诗剧《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
这些作品以其深刻的人物刻画和复杂的情节而闻名，被认为是世界文学的瑰宝。
17世纪是英国文学史上的黄金时代，其中最重要的作家是约翰·米尔顿。
他的史诗《失乐园》被誉为英国文学的巅峰之作，以其对人类自由意志和权力的思考而著称。
此外，约翰·多恩也是这一时期的重要作家，他的诗歌作品以其独特的形式和思想深度而受到赞誉。
18世纪是英国文学史上的启蒙时代，这一时期的作品强调理性和科学思维。
亚历山大·蒲柏是这一时期最重要的作家之一，他的诗歌作品《诗人的墓》和《奥德赛》被广泛阅读和研究。
此外，詹姆斯·汤姆森的长诗《四季》也是这一时期的重要作品，描绘了大自然的美丽和变化。
19世纪是英国文学史上的浪漫主义时期，作家们追求情感和个体的表达。
威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治是浪漫主义诗歌的代表作家，他们的作品强调对自然和内心世界的关注。
此外，查尔斯·狄更斯是这一时期最重要的小说家之一，他的作品《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》等揭示了当时社会的不公和人性的复杂性。
20世纪是英国文学史上的现代主义时期，作家们挑战传统文学形式和观念。
英美文学选读复习资料
英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等，以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。
2、17世纪：约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌，以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。
3、18世纪：启蒙时期，亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说，以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。
4、19世纪：浪漫主义时期，包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌，以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。
5、维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说，以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。
二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。
2、现实主义时期：包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。
3、20世纪：包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。
三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义：通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。
2、叙事视角：从特定的角度来描述故事，常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。
3、意象主义：通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。
4、文艺复兴：欧洲历史上的一次文化运动，强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。
5、玄学派：17世纪英国的一种文学流派，强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。
6、悲剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。
7、喜剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。
8、自然主义：一种文学流派，强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。
9、超验主义：一种哲学思想，强调个人经验和直觉，反对传统权威。
英美文学选读复习资料 最新最全
英国文学选读复习资料一.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端)人文主义先驱，the father of English poetry..第一个用英语写作的诗人。
二. William Shakespeare1.The four great tragedies by William Shakespeare are _Hamlet_, _Othello_, _King Lear_, Macbeth. 四大喜剧是 A Midsummer Night's Dream ;As you like it ;Twelfth Night ;The merchant of Venice .the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物：1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩The founder of the“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物代表作:Love lyrics:Songs and sonnets.The Flea.A Valediction: forbidding morning作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)② novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人（ poem 诗歌 blank verse ） was a_radical puritan in politics and religion. 激进清教徒分子。
英国文学选读复习重点
1英国文学选读复习June, 2010Part I 复习重点章节1. William Shakespeare;2. Francis Bacon;3. John Donne;4. William Blake;5. Jane Austen;6. Charles Dickens;7. Thomas Hardy; 8. Oscar Wilde; 9. William Butler Y eats;10. James Joyce;11. D.H. Lawrence;Part II 考试题型1. In this part you are going to explain the following literary terms brieflyand to give examples from the stories you have learned from the course to illustrate the terms. (about 15 points)Examplescharacter and characterization; symbol and allegory allegory, , theme, point of view, etc.)2. Analysis of short stories and novels (about 40 points)Example 1Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.QuestionsWhat can we learn from this short passage about Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet? What was the tone of the passage? Does this passage illustrate the style of Jane Austen?Example 2One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died.It was a dark rainy evening and there was no sound in the house. Through one of the broken panes I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little.All my senses seemed to veil themselves and feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O Love! O Love! many times.QuestionsWhat can we learn about “I” from this short passage? What was the meaning of the sentence “I was thankful that I could see so little.” ? What rhetorical device was used in this passage?Example 3“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his spot with Tess. And the d’Urbervilles knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained thus a long time, absolutely. As soon as they had strength motionless: the flag continued to wave silentlyflag continued to wave silently. As soon as they they rose, joined hands again, and went on.QuestionsWhat is your understanding of the sentence “And the d’Urbervilles knight and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing”? Was justice really done?What is your understanding of the very end of the novel “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy?3. Analysis of the poems (about 30 points)Example 1Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!He is called by thy name,For he called himself a Lamb;He is meek & he is mild,He became a little child;I a child & thou a lamb,We are called by his name.Little Lamb God bless thee.Little Lamb God bless thee.QuestionsWho is “he ” in the third line of this stanza? What is the dominant feeling in this stanza? What are you understanding of the last two lines?Example 2Oh stay Oh stay, three lies in one flea spare, , three lies in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.The flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed and marriage temple is; Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,And cloistered in these living walls of jet.Though use make you apt to kill me,Let not do that, self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.QuestionsWhat extraordinary metaphors (conceits) do you find in this stanza? Give an example and explain it. What is the central idea in this stanza?4. Paraphrasing (about 15 points)Example 1Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, they e many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet on the other side, they are more cruel and hard-hearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.Example 2Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with griefThat thou her maid art far more fair than she.Be not her maid, since she is envious.Her vestal livery is but sick and green,And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.Example 3Thus conscious does make coward of us all, And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o ’er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lost the name of action.。
王守仁-英国文学选读第三版-期末复习资料整理
- 11 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒 科乐吕致 - 《Kubla Khan》忽必烈汗
BISTU Chauncey保留一切相关权利
B/N
- 12 Jane Austen 简 奥斯汀 - 《Pride and Pre Judice》傲慢与偏见 - 13 George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦 - 《She walks in Beauty》她在美中行 - 《Don Juan》唐璜 - 14 Percy Bysshe Shelly 波西 比希 雪莱 - 《Ode the West Wind》西风颂 - 15 John Keats 约翰 济慈 - 《Ode on a Grecian Urn》希腊古瓮颂 - 16 Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂 勃朗特 - 《Jane Ruge》简爱 - 17 Charles Dickens 查尔斯 狄更斯 - 《Great Expectations》远大前程 - 18 Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生 - 《The Eagle》鹰 - 19 Robert Browning 罗伯特 布朗宁 - 《My last Duchess》我已故的公爵夫人 - 20 Matthew Arnold 马修 阿诺德 - 《Dover Beach》多佛海滩 - 21 Thomas Hardy 托马斯 哈代
[2.] In what sense does reading make a full man? Reading makes a full man. Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.
英国文学选读复习资料罗经国
Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman EmpireLondon was founded3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar ; the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex; the Celts King Arthur. His followers ; who were know as the knights of the round table;fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century; King Alfred ; the great of Wessex lead the AS kingsto defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066; Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School错误!the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede; he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision.错误!Vernerable Bede; A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution错误!translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon dialect 错误!<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>错误!created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry ; later poetry is technicalstructure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066 acceleratedthe development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ;the matter of Rome ;the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are usuallyof the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance Subject MattersA. matter of French Charlemagne the Great; Roland; <Chanson de Roland>B. matter of Rome Alexander the Great; The siege of TroyC. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain; Launce lot; Marlin; the quest for Holy Grail; the Death of King Arthur.Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’Years War is an awakening of nationalConsciousness in ENG;the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer Buried in the Poets’ Conner in WestminsterAbbeyA.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer错误!influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>错误!influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>错误!<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision of PiersPlowman>Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ;the thirty Years Warthe house ofLancaster/Red; the house of YorkB.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church;break away from the church of Rome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used contains four-line stanzas; the oddnumbered line奇数four feet; the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign ofRichard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefect theking Arthur5.Early ENG Playsthe 14th developed intomystery Plays神秘剧;miracle plays 奇迹剧6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ;both rich and poor can go to thereChapter 5英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth ; defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队; mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth文艺复兴的时代精神Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth ”in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to 错误!sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that 错误!man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church; In art and literati on; instead of happiness in his life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus> Theblank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展错误!Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期错误!Growth and development错误!gloom and depression错误!restored serenityB.achievement错误!represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people错误!S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love错误!S’ characterization; S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平错误!originality错误!as a great poet in sonnets错误!master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; The Tragedy of Macbeth8.Sonnets Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one; S’sA.definition A short song in the original meaning of the wordbecome a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet; 3 quatrains; 1 couplet Shakespeare’s <Mr.W.H><DarkLady>9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave八音which typically rhymes abba abba ; and a sestet; which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets English sonnetsconsists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ;which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends witha surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断Chapter 6From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Backgroundthe ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命;农民与贵族阶级;Anglican church 与Puritanical Church2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688; William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament; which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country of constitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon; Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of EngMaterialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight; for ornament; for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle;natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点Metaphysical PoetsJohn DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits 奇思妙喻incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought; frequent use of Paradox; and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love; death and religionMain theme of Cavalier骑士派：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach; but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two; they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME; 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱..9.John MiltonPuritan Writer<Paradise Lost>10.<Paradise Lost>ton ’s master piece and one of the greatest poems in worldliterate.B.Satan; the most impressive character Better to reign inHell than Serve in HeavenC.Meaning:错误!rebellion spirits叛逆精神错误!defiance of authority对权威的藐视错误!excessive pride极端自负11.John BunyanPuritan <The Pilgrim’s progress>天路历程iswritten in the old fashioned medieval form of allegory and drama. Chapter 71.Glorious Revolution2.Two Parliaments: The Tory & The Whig3.The characters of neo-classicismOfficialA.People emphasized reason理智rather than emotion; form ratherthan contentB.As reason was stressed; most of the writings of the age weredidactic 说教性and satirical讽刺C.As elegance 优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness 恰当性and restraint 节制性were preferred ; the poet found closedcouplet the only possible verse form for serious work.D.It’s almost exclusively a “town” poetry catering to theinterests of the “society” in great cities.E.It is entirely wanting in all these elements that are relatedwith the “romantic”CivilianA.Emphasized reason rather than emotion ; form rather thanContentB.Didactic and satiricalC.The poet found closed couplet the only for seriousD.Town poetry show no love of nature; landscape or countrythingsck of all Romantic Elements4． Geoffrey Chaucer; first use couplet—Pope5. Classicisms ; a drama; 3 unities: action; place; time6. Daniel Defoe; know as a pioneer novelist of ENG<Robinson>is based on a real incident.<Moll Flanders> a lowly women as the subject of literature who for her first time has committed theft and robbery.7. Jonathan Swift<Gulliver’s Travels>8.Joseph Addison & Richard Steele; periodical essays期刊写作. 2periodical 期刊the tattler; the spectator9.Alexander Pope 新古代表/英雄双韵顶峰<Whatever is ; is right >deist view 自然神论观点10.Samuel Johnson<A Dictionary of English Language>11.Henry Fielding playwright; novelist<The History of Tom Jones; A Founding>12.Robert Burns 抒情诗人From Scotland; write in Scottish and intraditional of Scottish folk songs. Besides; love lyrics; most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political Themes.Burns had a profound love for the common Scottish people and their literature. And his poems or songs are permeated with the Scottish natural spirit.<A Red; Red Rose>13.William Blake 神秘主义者同Burns 为前期浪漫主义代表<Songs of Innocence> <Songs of Experience>Chapter 8 Romanticism1.From Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 tothe death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832.2.Characters: The glorification of instinct and emotion a deepveneration 崇拜of nature; and a flaming zeal to remark the world.3.Rousseau 卢梭 French Philosopher . The Father of Romanticism/The Nobel Savage4.Characteristic features of the romantic movementA.Subjectivism主观主义B.Spontaneity 自发性C.Singularity 奇特性D.Worship of natureE.SimplicityF.There is a dominating note of melancholy / in the poems ofRomantic poets人道主义理想、忧郁气质G.An age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelingand emotion free verse form5.William Wordsworth —Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人6.WW <I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud>A.Sing of harmony between things in nature and between thenature and the poet himselfB.Personification; Simile; Metaphorke poets William Wordsworth; Robert Southey;Taylor Coleridge8.Samuel Taylor Coleridge <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子咏9.George Gordon Byron <Don Juan> <The Isles of Greece>10.<Don Juan> the adventure of a Spanish liberationByron’s fiery passion for the liberation of Greek people; and his bitter satire on the sham and hypocrisy in love; religion and the social relation of his time.11.Percy Bysshe Shelley <Song to the man of England>希望英国人认识到自己的悲惨地位起来奋斗12.John Keats Last poet<On the First Looking into Chapmen’s Homer>13.Charles Lamb 剧作家With his sister 写了<Tales formShakespeare>Contribution to Familiar Essay14.Thomas de Quincy<On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth>15.Walter Scott—Historic Novel . 1832 die ; the end of RomanticismContribution <Ivanhoe>Chapter 9 Queen Victoria1.Two Queens:A.both were on a throne for a long period of time. Elizabeth40s; Victoria 60s.B.Developed rapidly in both politically ; economicallyC.Literature flourishedE’ - SB; drama. V’-novel2.The reason why novel rise quickly in V’s AgeA.the growth of urban population bring a new reading in publichB.the development of printing and making papers and the priceof books droppedC.people can make a living by writingD. a large part class who need recreation and entertainmentE.the novel provided a marvelous mechanism for all sort ofthings——explorisy the conditions of poor and the manners of society; satirizing individuals or institution ;advocating social reform and providing diversion for people at all levelsF.the feminist movement3.Characterized by the common featuresA.plot is unfolded against a social backgroundB.the cause-effect sequence much more striking than in previousnovelsC.published in serial form连载D.the spirit of Puritanism 清教主义E.characterized by their moral purpose hypocrisy 伪善 V’时期的共同特点F.critical realism 批判现实主义/ critical realistic novelist批判现实主义小说4.Charles Dickens <Oliver Twist><David Copperfield>artistic technique错误!a tendency to describe ugly characters or events错误!loves to instill life into inanimate things错误!description of pathetic scenes5.William Makepeace Thackeray<Vanity Fair>“A novel without hero”6.Difference between Thackeray and DickensA.Thackeray descript a different world from Dickens T; descriptpeople of upper and middle classes; D; descript the underdogs and the unprivilegedB.T is a cynic ; D is a sentimentalist 感伤主义者C.T against affectation. D is a Romanist7.The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s <ThePilgrim’s Progress>8.Lord Alfred Tennyson Laureate Poet<Break; Break; Break> 挽歌Tennyson wrote in memory of his friend Arthur Hallam.9.Robert Browning the dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗<My lastDuchess>10.The Bront SisterA.Charlotte Bront —<Jane Eyre>B.Emily Bront —<Wuthering Height>C.Anne Bront —<Agnes Grey>11.Some critics said that the Bront inherited their strong emotionfrom their parents.A.The Celtic blood explains their strong emotion and theiraudacity in the search for spiritual integrity.B.Another factor was the moorland which was not yet corruptedby the evils of society.C.The Third factor their writing career was the fact that theywere greatly influenced by Romantic Poets.12.The works of Charlotte and Emily Bront and different from thoseof other Victorian writers in the aspects below:A.their works are marked by strong romantic elementsB.the role of nature is very significant in their workC.marked by a new conception of women as heroines of vitalstrength and passionate feelings.13.<Jane Eyre> first most powerful ENG novel which represents themodern view of women’s position in society.14.Emily Bront <Wuthering Heights>Heathcliff Catharine EmilyBront portrays the conflict between the privileged and the hire hand.15.Thomas Hardy; the last important novelist of the Victorian ageWessex novels.<Tess of the D’Urbervilles><Jude the Obscure>自然主义、社会达尔文主义 pessimisticThe dominate theme of his novel is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate. Chance and circumstance; which are all predestined by Immanent Will. 16.George Bernard Shaw Irish <Major Barbar’s><Pygmalion><HeartBreak House>17.Oscar Wilde—<The Picture of Dorian Gray>decadence颓废主义名词解释1.Alliteration头韵is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.例子： of man was the mildest and most belovedTo his kin the kindest ; keenest for praise代表作：Sir Gawain &Green Knight2.Kenning隐喻A kenning is a metaphor usually composed two words; which becomes the formula 准则for a special object.3.RenaissanceA French word; means “Rebirth”.The art and science of ancient Greece and Rome were being rediscovered after long years of neglect. English Re had two impulses —humanist reverence for the classics and English pride and sense of national identity. Emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and the worth of life in this world.4.RomanceR is a type of literature that is very popular in the Middle age. The great age of medieval romance is the 12th and early 13the centuries and its chief breeding ground起源地is the aristocratic贵族的society in France.5.Allegory 寓言An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underling meaning; and serve to spread moral teaching.6.Heroic Couplet英雄对偶句HC is a pare of rhyming 押韵的 iambic pentameter五步抑扬格lines. AA BB CC DD EE7.Ballad 民谣B is a narrative poem that tells story.8.The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter; used in his dramas ; was the chief verse for; used by SB.16世纪的英国戏剧主要表现形式9.An ode 颂诗It’s a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings; often addressed toa person or celebrating an event.10.Dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗It’s a poem in which there is one imaginary speaker; addressing an imaginary audience.11.Allegory:A tale in verse or prose in which characters; actions; or settingsrepresent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings; a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.12.Anapest抑抑扬:Its made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables; with the two unstressed ones in front.常用资料修辞名称：meter格律; rhyme韵; sound assonance谐音; consonance 和音; alliteration头韵; form of poetry诗歌形式; allusion典故; foot 音步; iamb抑扬格; trochee扬抑格; anapest抑抑扬格; dactyl扬抑抑格; pentameter五音步。
新编英国文学选读复习资料
En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re a dingsDe ve lopm e nt of English Lite ra ture1 . Ea rly a n d M e die va l English lite ra ture ( -1 4 8 5 )2 . The English Re na is sa nce (15 5 0 -16 4 2 ? )3 . Th e 1 7 th Ce ntu ry –Th e Pe riod of Re volu t ion a n d Re stora t ion4 . The 1 8 th Ce ntu ry –T h e Age of Enlighte nm e nt5 . Th e Rom a ntic Pe riod (1 7 9 8 -1 8 3 2 )6 . Th e Victoria n Age (1 8 3 2 -1 9 0 1 )7 . Th e 2 0 th Ce n t u ry Lit e ra t u re –M o d e rn is m a n d Po s t- M o d e rn is mCha pte r 1 Ea rly a nd M e die va l En g lish lite ra ture一． Ep ic （史诗）A poe m th a t ce le bra te in the form of a co ntinu ous n a rra t ive the a chie ve m e nts of o ne or m ore he roic pe rsona ge s of history or t ra d it ion.Am ong the gre a t e pics of the w orld m a y be m e ntione d the Ilia d, Odysse y a nd Ae ne id of cla ssica l.Be ow ulf1 . H istorica l Ba ckgro u n d1)) Thre e Inva s ions:A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5B. C - 4 10 A. D)B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Pe riod)C.The Norm a n Conq u e st (The Anglo-Norm a n Pe riod)2)) Tw o W a rs:A.The Hundre d Ye a rs W a r (1 3 37 -1 4 5 3 )B.The W a r of th e Rose (1 4 5 5 -1 4 85 )a . Anglo-Sa xo n Poe t ry : Pa ga n(异教的） &Christia n Be ow ulf /w orks of Ca e d m on a nd Cy ne w u lf.b. Anglo-Norm a n Poe t ry : Rom a ncec.Poe try in Age of Cha u ce r：d.. Popula r Ba lla ds: Ba lla d s of Ro binHood 2 . 评价1） Be ow u lf is a n a t i o na l e pic（史诗） of English pe o ple .2） It is the re pre se nta t ive w ork of th e e a rly English lit e ra tu re w ith 3 0 00 lin e s .3 ） It s w rit e r is u nknow n.4 ） Be ow u lf is a folk le ge nd brou g ht to Engla nd by the Anglo Sa xon from the ir prim it ive Northe rn Eu rope .5 ） Be ow u lf w a s pa sse d do w n fro m m o uth to m outh.6 ）Be ow u lf w a s w rit te n dow n in the 1 0 t h ce n tu ry .3 . Ch a ra cte rs in th e s to ry :Be ow u lf: a ne p he w of king of Ge nts, a pe ople in De nm a rk.Hrothga r: king of De nm a rk.Gre nde l: a m onste r.She -m onste r(女妖怪 ): Gre nde l’s m othe r.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onste r.4. Ou t line o f Th e Son g o f Be o w u lfTe u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill the m onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the king of Scyldings (Sw e d e n) for 5 0 ye a rs.The n in orde r to ga in m ore tre a sure for his pe ople , h e fought ha rd w ith a fie ry fire dra ke a nd w a s d e a d ly w o und e d , e ve ntu a lly d ie d . His la st w ill w a s to a sk his pe ople to b u ild his to m b in to a be a con for the se a fa re rs w ho sa ile d a long the co a st.5. The w rit in g fe a tu re s o f Be o w u lf ?1 ） The m ost im porta nt is in a llit e ra t ive (头韵的 ) ve rse a nd in a rt is t ic form .Eg：Thus m a d e the ir m ourning the m e n of Ge a t la nd,Fo r th e ir h e ro ’s p a ssin g, h is h e a r th-co m p a n io n s2 ） An othe r is the fre q u e nt u se of m e ta p hors a nd unde rsta te m e nts(低调陈述 ) for ironica l hu m or.ring-give r: king he a rth-com pa nions: a t te nd a nt w a rriors w ha le ’s roa d : se a -w oo d:not t rou ble som e : ve ry w e ll二 Rom a nce （传奇）1 ．介绍1 ）T he lite r ature for the uppe r class2 ）A long composition in ve rse or prose , a bout knights—adve nture s3 ）S ubje ct matters: about the matte r of Britain, the mate r of Fra nce , the m atte r of Rome4 ）c onte nt :love chivalry a nd re ligion5 ）骑士精神：l oyalty,brave l y.hone s ty2 . 代表作1 ） King Arthur a nd His Knights of the Round Ta ble :the most importa nt roma nce of the pe riod 2）Sir Gawa in a nd the Gre e n Knight : The best Arthuria n rom ance , a nonymous, in a l lite rative ve rseIts chara cte rs : King Arthur, Sir Gawain, the Gre e n Knight三 Ba lla d（民谣）1 . A ba lla d is a story told in song, u sua lly in 4 -line sta nza s, w ith the2 nd a nd 4 th rhym e d .2 .The Su bje cts of English Ba lla ds1 ) stru ggle of you ng lo ve rs2 ) the conflict be tw e e n love a nd w e a lth3 ) the crue lty of je a lo usy4 ) the criticism of th e civil w a r5 ) the m a t t e rs of cla ss s t ru ggle3 .代表作Robin ho od ba lla ds四．Ge offre y Cha uce r1 . 评价1 ） Th e first gre a t English po e t2 ） Th e fa th e r of English poe t ry3 ） Th e re pre se nta t ive w rite r in the M e d ie va l English lit e ra tu re2 . C ha u ce r’s thre e lit e ra ry pe riod s :1 ） Th e first or th e Fre nch pe riod:The Rom a u nt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》 a t ra nsla t ion, po pu la r in M iddle a ge sThe Book of the Duche ss 《悼公爵夫人》 , the be st w ork of the t im e Cha uce r’s lite ra ry ca re e r2 ） Th e se cond or the It a lia n p e riod:Troilus a nd Crise yde 《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》a poe m of a love story3 ） The third or the English pe riod, his be st pe rio d :The Ca nte rbury Ta le s《坎特伯雷故事集》 , i s m a s te rpie ce a nd a re pre se nta t ive w orks of th e M id dle Age s.The Ca nte rbury Ta le s1. O u t lin eIt op e ns w ith a ge ne ra l prologu e w he re w e a re told of a com pa ny of pilgrim s , 3 2 one s th a t ga the re d a t Ta b a rd Inn in Sou th w a rk, a su bu rb of Londo n. The y a re on the ir w a y to the shrine of St. Thom a s Be cke t a t Ca nte rbu ry . Th e y se t ou t tog e the r w ith the jo lly innke e pe r, Ha rry Ba ily , w ho prop ose d tha t e a ch pilgrim sh ou ld te ll tw o t a le s on the w a y to Ca nte rbury a nd tw o m ore on the w a y ba ck. But , tota lly only 2 4 ta le s a re finishe d . The pilgrim s a re from va riou s pa rts of Engla nd, re pre se n ta t ive s of a ll w a lks of life a nd socia l grou ps, knigh ts, m onks, w id ow s a n d prie st e tc. His w ork show e d a strikingly brillia nt a nd pictu re sq u e pa nora m a of his t im e a nd his country.2. C h a u ce r’s la n g u a g e :1) His la ngu a ge is fu ll of hu m or a nd sa t ire .2) His la ngu a ge is vivid, e xa ct a nd sm o oth, a m a ste r of w ord-pictu re s .3) He is the first to u se h e roic co uple t w hich he introduce d from Fra nce .4)He is the first gre a t poe t w ho w rote in the English la ngu a g e , m a king the dia le ct of London the sta n d a rd for th e m ode rn English spe e ch.Ps:1 . W h a t is t h e “h e ro ic co u p le t ”?Th e h e roic cou ple t is a ve rse form in e pic poe try, w ith lin e s of te n sylla ble s a nd five stre sse s , in rhym ing pa irs .(英雄诗体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。
新编英国文学及选读复习资料1
英语专业课程：新编英国文学选读复习大纲Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur‟s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。
最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人。
到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。
这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。
2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。
文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。
在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。
中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料Part I The Middle AgeChapter 1 the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）: England’s national epic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artistic feature: ① using alliteration② using metaphor and understatementChapter 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (ca1343-1400)1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English poetry and one of the most greatest narrative（叙事）poets of England.2.首创双韵体. tonico-syllabic verse. 运用London dialect.3. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.4.代表作：The Canterbury Tales-----In this book, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. But Chaucer was not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. [乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理【实用版】目录1.英国文学的历史背景及分期2.英国文学的代表作家及作品3.英国文学的风格特点及影响正文英国文学是西方文学的重要组成部分，其历史悠久，传统深厚。
英国文学的发展可分为几个阶段，其中最重要的阶段包括古英语文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、17 世纪文学、18 世纪文学、19 世纪文学和 20 世纪文学。
在古英语文学阶段，最著名的作品是《贝奥武甫》。
在中世纪文学阶段，英国文学受到了欧洲大陆文学的影响，这一时期的代表作品包括《亚瑟王传奇》和《尼伯龙根之歌》等。
在文艺复兴时期，英国文学迎来了黄金时期，莎士比亚、斯宾塞和马洛等文学巨匠的作品至今仍被誉为英国文学的经典。
17 世纪文学以约翰·弥尔顿、约翰·班扬和约翰·德莱顿等人的作品为代表，其中《失乐园》、《天路历程》和《论出版自由》等作品成为这一时期的经典。
18 世纪文学则以丹尼尔·笛福、乔纳森·斯威夫特、理查森·谢里丹和简·奥斯汀等人的作品为代表，这一时期的文学作品反映了工业革命时期的社会变革。
19 世纪文学是英国文学的又一辉煌时期，这一时期的代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯、夏洛蒂·勃朗特、艾米丽·勃朗特和托马斯·哈代等。
20 世纪英国文学则以弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆和阿加莎·克里斯蒂等作家的作品为代表。
英国文学的风格特点多样，受到了历史、地理和文化等多种因素的影响。
英国文学在语言运用、情节安排和人物塑造等方面都有独特的技巧，使其在世界文学史上具有重要地位。
英国文学选读复习资料
Selected ReadingLet me confess that we two must be twain,Although our undivided loves are one:So shall those blots that do with me remain,Without thy help, by me be borne alone.Questions:1.What is the genre of this passage? (1’)2.Who is the author of this passage? (1’)3.what does “we two” refer to in the first line? (2’)4.please translate these lines into modern text. (6’)Answers:1.It is a sonnet 20. (1’)2.W. Shakespeare(1’)3.Shakespeare and Mr. W. H(2’)4.I acknowledge that the two of us have to part, even though we’re united in love. That way Ican take those disgraces that we’ve incurred together all onto myself, bearing them without any help from you. Our love for one another gives us common cause, despite this awful situation that forces us apart, which, though it can’t prevent us from being united in love, still robs us of sweet hours of pleasure together. (6’)Selected reading 2Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have more cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a famous essay written by ________.(1’)2. What is the title of the essay? (1’)3. What do you think of the language of this essay? (8’)Answers:1. Francis Bacon(1’)2. “OF STUDY” (1’)3. The language of this essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and often of balanced structure. (8’)Selected reading 3Of Man's First Disobedience, and the FruitOf that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tasteBrought Death into the World, and all our woe,With loss of Eden, till one greater ManRestore us, and regain the blissful Seat,Questions:1.What is the genre of this passage? (1’)2.Who is the author? (1’)3.What does Forbidden Tree refer to? (2’)4.From which book is this part taken? (1’)5.According to this part, what is the story about? (5’)Answer:1.It is an epic. (1’)2.John Milton(1’)3.tree of knowledge in Bible(2’)4.Old Testament(1’)5.With these lines, Milton begins Paradise Lost and lays the groundwork for his project,presenting his purpose, subject, aspirations, and need for heavenly guidance. He states that his subject will be the disobedience of Adam and Eve, whose sin allows death and pain into the world. He invokes his muse, whom he identifies as the Holy Spirit. He asserts his hopes that his epic poem will surpass the other great epic poems written before, as he claims that his story is the most original and the most virtuous. He also asks his muse to fill his mind with divine knowledge so that he can share this knowledge with his readers. Finally, he hopes this knowledge and guidance from his muse will allow him to claim authority without committing any heresies, as he attempts to explain God’s reaso ning and his overall plan for humankind. (5’)Selected reading 4It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.Questions:1. This passage is the opening of a novel entitled _____.(1’)2. The writer of the novel is the first famous woman novelist _____.(1’)3. What is the style of the passage? (2’)4. What is the passage describing? (6’)Answers1. Pride and Prejudice(1’)2. Jane Austen(1’)3. This passage is taken from the first chapter of the novel. Chapter I has been universally acknowledged to be very well-written as an opening chapter. The style is lucid and graceful, with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionally. (2’)4. It is describing the parents of Bennet girls. Mr. And Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters’ marriages, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor. Mild satire may be found here in the author’s seemingly matter of fact description of very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mr. And Mrs. Bennet. (6’)Selected reading 5“It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him; and that, not because he’s handsome, Nelly, but because he’s more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same, and [E dgar’s] is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.”Questions:1.This passage is taken from ________ written by ______. (2’)2.“I” in this passage refers to ________ (1’)3.What is the interpretation of “he’s more myself than I am”? (7’)Answer:1.Wuthering Heights; Emily Bronte(2’)2.Catherine(1’)3.Catherine’s speech to Nelly about her acceptance of Edgar’s proposal, in Chapter IX, formsthe turning-point of the plot. It is at this point that Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights, after he ha s overheard Catherine say that it would “degrade” her to marry him. Although the action of Wuthering Heights takes place so far from the bustle of society, where most ofBrontë’s contemporaries set their scenes, social ambition motivates many of the action s of these characters, however isolated among the moors. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar Linton out of a desire to be “the greatest woman of the neighbourhood” exemplifies the effect of social considerations on the characters’ actions.In Catherine’s paradoxical statement that Heathcliff is “more myself than I am,” readers can see how the relation between Catherine and Heathcliff often transcends a dynamic of desire and becomes one of unity. Heterosexual love is often, in literature, described in terms of complementary opposites—like moonbeam and lightning, or frost and fire—but the love between Catherine and Heathcliff opposes this convention. Catherine says not, “I love Heathcliff,” but, “I am Heathcliff.” In following the relationship through to its p ainful end, the novel ultimately may attest to the destructiveness of a love that denies difference. (7’)Selected readingA woman’s face with nature’s own hand painted,Has thou, the master mistress of my passion;A woman’s gentle heart, but not acquain tedWith shifting change, as is false women’s fashion:An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling,Questions1.What is the genre of this passage? (1’)2.Who is the author of this passage? (1’)3.Is this selected part about a woman or a man? (1’)4.What is this passage about? (7’)Answer:1.It is a sonnet 20. (1’)2.W. Shakespeare(1’)3. a man(1’)4.Sonnet 20 has caused much debate. Some scholars believe that this is a clear admission ofShakespeare's homosexuality. Despite the fact that male friendships in the Renaissance were openly affectionate, the powerful emotions the poet displays here are indicative of a deep and sensual love. The poet's lover is 'the master-mistress of [his] passion'. He has the grace and features of a woman but is devoid of the guile and pretense that comes with female lovers; those wily women with eyes 'false in rolling', who change their moods and affections like chameleons. (7’)Selected reading 2They gradually ascended for half a mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House…It was a large, handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills…She had never seen a place where nature had done more… and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!Questions:1.This passage is taken from ________ written by ______. (2’)2.“she” in this passage refers to ________ (1’)3.What is your interpretation to the sentence “at that moment she felt that to be mistress ofPemberley might be something”? (7’)Answer:1.Pride and Prejudice; Jane Austen(2’)2.Elizabeth Bennet(1’)3.These lines open Chapter 43 and provide Elizabeth’s introduction to Darcy’s grand estate atPemberley. H er visit to Darcy’s home, which occupies a central place in the narrative, operates as a catalyst for her growing attraction toward its owner. In her conversations with the housekeeper, Mrs. Reynolds, Elizabeth hears testimonials of Darcy’s wonderful generosity and his kindness as a master; when she encounters Darcy himself, while walking through Pemberley’s grounds, he seems altogether changed and his previous arrogance has diminished remarkably. This initial description of the building and grounds at Pemberley serves as a symbol of Darcy’s character. The “stream of some natural importance . . .swelled into greater” reminds the reader of his pride, but the fact that it lacks “any artificial appearance” indicates his basic honesty, as does the fact that the stream is neither “formal, nor falsely adorned.” Elizabeth’s delight and her sudden epiphany about the pleasure that being mistress of Pemberley must hold, prefigure her later joy in Darcy’s continued devotion.(7’)Selected reading 3Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them, and the name of the town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year long; it beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the town where it is kept is lighter than vanity; and also because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. As is the saying of the wise, “All that cometh is vanity”.Questions:1. This passage is a part of the best-known episode “Vanity Fair” in a book entitled _____.(1’)2. Who is the author of this book? (1’)3. How do you understand the last sentence “All that cometh is vanity”? (8’)1. The Pilgrim’s Progress(1’)2. John Bunyan(1’)3. Christian and his companion Faithful pass through the town of Vanity at the season of the local fair. “Vanity” means “emptiness or worthlessness” and hence the fair is an allegory of worldliness and the corruption of the religious life through the attraction of the world. From earliest times numerous fairs were held for stated periods throughout Britain; to them the most important merchants from all over Europe brought their wares. The serious business of buyingand selling was accompanied by all sorts of diversions—eating, drinking, and other fleshly pleasures, as well as spectacles of strange animals, acrobats, and other wonders.This selection gives the bitterest satire, which is invariably directed at the ruling class. In the descriptions of the Vanity Fair, Bunyan not only gives us a symbolic picture of London at the time of the Restoration but of all bourgeois society. (8’)Selected reading 4My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here;My heart’s in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer;Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe—My hear t’s in the Highlands wherever I go.Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North!The birthplace of valour, the country of worth;Wherever I wander, wherever I rove,The hills of the Highlands for ever I love.Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow!Farewell to the straths and green valleys below!Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods!Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here;My heart’s in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer;Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe—My heart’s in the Highlands wherever I go.Questions:1. Who is the writer of this poem? (1’)2. What is the title of this poem? (1’)3. What is the main theme of this poem? (4’)4. What is the most striking feature of the verse? (2’)5. What is the most obvious rhetorical device used in the poem? (2’)1. Robert Burns(1’)2. “My Heart’s in the Highlands” (1’)3. It is one of the best known poems of Burns, in which he pours his unshakable love for his homeland, that is the Highlands, the mountainous Northern area of Scotland. It shows the poet’s pure patriotic feeling. (4’)4. Burns is such a genius in language that he has admirable faculty of expressing himself withalluring emotion in simple and musical verse. The poem is characterized by its appealing musical quality. (2’)5. Parallelism(2’)Selected reading 5It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.Questions:1. This passage is the opening of a novel entitled _____.(1’)2. The writer of the novel is the first famous woman novelist _____.(1’)3. What is the style of the passage? (2’)4. What is the passage describing? (6’)1. Pride and Prejudice(1’)2. Jane Austen(1’)3. This passage is taken from the first chapter of the novel. Chapter I has been universally acknowledged to be very well-written as an opening chapter. The style is lucid and graceful, with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionally. (2’)4. It is describing the parents of Bennet girls. Mr. And Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters’ marriages, shortly af ter hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor. Mild satire may be found here in the author’s seemingly matter of fact description of very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mr. And Mrs. Bennet. (6’)更多：：：自己找答案！Selected reading 1A woman’s face with nature’s own hand painted,Has thou, the master mistress of my passion;A woman’s gentle heart, but not acquaintedWith shifting change, as is false women’s fashion:An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling,Questions5.What is the genre of this passage? (1’)6.Who is the author of this passage? (1’)7.Is this selected part about a woman or a man? (1’)8.What is this passage about? (7’)Selected reading 2They gradually ascended for half a mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House…It was a large, handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills…She had never seen a place where nature had done more… and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!Questions:4.This passage is taken from ________ written by ______. (2’)5.“she” in this passage refers to ________ (1’)6.What is your interpretation to the sentence “at that moment she felt that to be mistress ofPemberley might be something”? (7’)Selected reading 3Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them, and the name of the town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year long; it beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the town where it is kept is lighter than vanity; and also because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. As is the saying of the wise, “All that cometh is vanity”.Questions:1. This passage is a part of the best-known episode “Vanity Fair” in a book entitled _____.(1’)2. Who is the author of this book? (1’)3. How do you understand the last sentence “All that cometh is vanity”? (8’)Selected reading 4My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here;My heart’s in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer;Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe—My heart’s in the Highland s wherever I go.Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North!The birthplace of valour, the country of worth;Wherever I wander, wherever I rove,The hills of the Highlands for ever I love.Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow!Farewell to the straths and green valleys below!Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods!Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here;My heart’s in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer;Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe—My heart’s in the Highlands wherever I go.Questions:1. Who is the writer of this poem? (1’)2. What is the title of this poem? (1’)3. What is the main theme of this poem? (4’)4. What is the most striking feature of the verse? (2’)5. What is the most obvious rhetorical device used in the poem? (2’)Selected reading 5It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.Questions:1. This passage is the opening of a novel entitled _____.(1’)2. The writer of the novel is the first famous woman novelist _____.(1’)3. What is the style of the passage? (2’)4. What is the passage describing? (6’)Selected reading 1I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,A host of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in the never-ending line Along the margin of a bay;Then thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Questions:1.The author of this poem is _____. (1’)2.What is the “Milky Way”? (2’)3.What is the symbolic meaning of “daffodils”? (1’)4.What is the symbo lic meaning of “milky way”? (1’)5.Wordsworth once wrote “Good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”,how to prove his ideas of “Spontaneous feelings” in this poem? (5’)Selected reading 2Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have more cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a famous essay written by ________.(1’)2. What is the title of the essay? (1’)3. What do you think of the language of this essay? (8’)Selected reading 3Of Man's First Disobedience, and the FruitOf that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tasteBrought Death into the World, and all our woe,With loss of Eden, till one greater ManRestore us, and regain the blissful Seat,Questions:6.What is the genre of this passage? (1’)7.Who is the author? (1’)8.What does Forbidden Tree refer to? (2’)9.From which book is this part taken? (1’)10.According to this part, what is the story about? (5’)Selected reading 4“Which do you mean?” and turning round, he looked for a moment at Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said, “She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who areslighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me.”Questions:1.This passage is taken from ________ written by ______. (2’)2.Who is the speaker of this passage? (1’)3.What do you think of his reaction to the girl? (7’)Selected reading 5“It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him; and that, not because he’s handsome, Nelly, but because he’s more myself than I am. Whatever our soul s are made of, his and mine are the same, and [Edgar’s] is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.”Questions:4.This passage is taken from ________ written by ______. (2’)5.“I” in this passage refers to ________ (1’)6.What is the interpretation of “he’s more myself than I am”? (7’)I.Answer the questions briefly.1.Please describe the impacts of Renaissance to W. Shakespeare’s career.3. In the 12th cent. a rediscovery of Greek and Roman literature occurred across Europe that eventually led to the development of the humanist movement in the 14th cent. In addition to emphasizing Greek and Latin scholarship, humanists believed that each individual had significance within society. The growth of an interest in humanism led to the changes in the arts and sciences that form common conceptions of the Renaissance.4. Wordsworth employs a kind of identity-switching technique, whereby nature is personified and humanity is, so to speak, nature-ized. Wordsworth describes himself as wandering “like a cloud,” and describes the field of daffodils as a dancing crowd of people. This kind of interchangeable terminology implies a unity—metaphors from either realm can be applied to the other, because the mind and the natural world are one.2.What is the genre and structure of Canterbury Tales?It is a long narrative poem with 24 stories plus a prologue. There are three parts in it:1. The General Prologue2. 24 tales3. Separate prologues to each tale with links, comments in between3.Satan is the most well-developed character in Paradise Lost. Please state your interpretationto this statement.One reason that Satan is easy to sympathize with is that he is much more like us than God or the Son are. As the embodiment of human errors, he is much easier for us to imagine and empathize with than an omniscient deity. Satan’s character and psychology are all very human, and his envy, pride, and despair are understandable given his situation. But Satan’s speeches, while undeniably moving, subtly display their own inconsistency and error.To Milton, the proud and somber Satan represented the spirit of rebellion against an unjust authority. By using Satan as his mouthpiece, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of the Revolutionary.4.In “I wandered lonely as a cloud,” how does Wordsworth achieve the seemingly effortlesseffect of implying the unity of his consciousness with nature?Wordsworth employs a kind of identity-switching technique, whereby nature is personified and humanity is, so to speak, nature-ized. Wordsworth describes himself as wandering “like a cloud,” and describes the field of daffodils as a dancing crowd of people. This kind of interchangeable terminology implies a unity—metaphors from either realm can be applied to the other, because the mind and the natural world are one.。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读复习资料整理(word文档良心出品)
Old English Period— Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066)1.The History•From 55 BC to 410 AD, the Romans conquered the land and transplanted its civilization.2.The LiteratureTwo divisions:Pagan & ChristianPaganThe Seafarer水手; The Fight at Finnisburg芬尼斯郡之战; The Wanderer流浪者; Waldhere瓦登希尔;The Battle of Maldom马尔登战役Widsith(威德西斯); The complaint of Deor迪奥的抱怨•The wife’s Lament妻子的哀歌; Ruin毁灭are good examples.Beowulf, England’s national epic.Writing featuresnot a Christian but a pagan poem of all advanced pagan civilization,The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants are very notable in this poem. Each line is divided into two halves, and each half has two heavy stressesThe use of alliteration is another notable feature and makes the stresses more emphatic. There are a lot of metaphors and understatements in this poemAnglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The literature•The Growth of the Arthurian Legends•The legends of King Arthur and his knights had existed as an oral tradition since the time of the Celts.The 17th CenturyA Brief Introduction of the 17th century⏹The contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie⏹James I：1603-1625 political and religious tyranny⏹Charles I: 1625-1649⏹Oliver Cromwell : commonwealth protector: 1653-1658⏹Charles II: 1660-1688 the Restoration⏹James II：1685-1688⏹William of Oranges: 1688-1702 “Glorious Revolution”⏹The Bill of Rights 权利法案：1689John Donne代表作：The FleaMetaphysical PoetryHoly Sonnet 10SongA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning 别离辞：节哀John Milton⏹the early phase of reading and lyric writing⏹the middle phase of service in the Puritan Revolution and the pamphleteering for it⏹the last --- the greatest --- phase of epic writingParadise Lost--- the great epicParadise Regained；Samson AgonistesJohn BunyanThe Pilgrim’s Progress（essay）The 18th-century LiteratureThe Rise of English NovelsThe historical backgroundComparing with the 17th century, the 18th century is a period for peaceful development.The constitutional monarchy has been set up by parliament in 1688.England grew from a second rate country to a powerful naval country in this century.With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life had undergone remarkable changes.The rise of the English novel.代表作：Daniel Defoe Robinson CrusoeJonathan SwiftThe Battle of the Books; 《书籍之战》The Tale of a Tub; 《一只桶的故事》The Drapier’s Letter; 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal; 《一个温和的建议》Journal to Stella; 《给斯黛拉的日记》Gulliver’s Travel. 《格列夫游记》Satirical features⏹Swift offered an opportunity of self-scrutiny.（自我审视）⏹The Lilliputians （小人国居民）and their institutions were all about people and theirinstitutions of England.⏹The Brobdingnagians were incredible Utopians.⏹The scientists and philosophers represented the extremes of futile theorizing andspeculations in all areas of activity such as science, politics, and economics with their instinct-killing tendencies.⏹The picture of the Yahoos made a clear statement about man and his nature.Henry FieldingTom JohnsonSocial significanceThe writer shows his strong hatred for all the hypocrisy and treachery in the society of his age and his sympathy for the courageous young rebels in their righteous struggleThe 18th-century Literature (II)The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandThe rapid development of social life•On the economic scene, the country became increasingly affluent.•On the political scene, a fragile of balance between the monarch and the middle class existed.•On the religious scene, deism came into existence代表Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard● a masterpiece of lyric●Theme: a sentimental meditation upon life and death, esp. of the common rural people,whose life, though simple and crude, has been full of real happiness and meaning●Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABAB●Mood: melancholy, calm, meditative●Style: neoclassic---vivid visual painting,---musical/rhythmic,---controlled and restrained,---polished languageSection 1 It sets the scene for the poet’s visit to the churchyard. It is enveloped in gloom and grief, which is archetypal of graveyard, poets’fascination with night, graves, and death. The tone is echoed by the last part of the poem●Section 2 It tells about the people entombed there and recalls their life experiences. Whenthe “rude forefathers of the hamlet”lived. They got up early at the twittering of swallows, or a rooster’s wake-up call or a hunter’s horn, enjoyed family bliss with wife and kids in the evening, or were happily busy with farm work in the fields, but now that they lie in their “narrow cells”, their “useful toil”and “homely joys”happen no more. The tone is one of melancholy and regret for the dead.●Section 3 It warns the rich and powerful not to despise the poor since all are equal in faceof death and the grave levels off all distinction. All nobility, power, and wealth “await alike”the inevitable end and “the paths of glory lead but to the grave”. Nothing could●ever bring anything back to life.Section 4●It expresses, on the one hand, the poet’s regret that their life had not been congenial tothe growth and full play of the poor farmers’native gifts and talents and, on the other, his feeling of “a blessing in disguise”for them in the sense that, because they did not commit any crimes to humankind nor have to play the obsequious social climber against one’s integrity.Section 5●It asserts the notion that, even though they lived a less eventful life, there is no reason toforget these farmers.Section 6●It portrays the scenario that the poet envisions would happen after his own death. Avillager would say of him: he got up early to go uphill to the lawn and lay there meditating under the tree until noon. He would wander in the wood, smiling at one moment, muttering to himself at the next, sad and pale, like one “in hopeless love”. Then for a couple of days he did not show up, and on the third day he was buried in the churchyard.Section 7●As he shows sympathy for the poor, he gains the friendship of man and God. He asks thepassers-by not to get to know any more about his merits and weaknesses as he waits in his grave for God’s judgment.●The poem touches the readers to the quick with its notable sadnessOliver Goldsmith’s《The Vicar of Wakefield》•Pre-Romantic Poems (I)William BlakeThe Songs of Experience；THE LAMB；The Tyger；The Sick RoseRobert Burns⏹1) Political poems --- The Tree of Liberty;⏹2) Satirical poems --- Holy Willie’s Prayer, Two Dogs⏹3) Lyrics --- My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang SyneBurns’s position and his features⏹ A great Scottish peasant poet; a national poet of Scotland⏹Numerous are Burns’s songs of love and friendship.⏹His great success was largely due to his comprehensive knowledge and excellent masteryof the old song traditions.⏹His poetry have a musical quality that helps to perpetuate the sentimentBurns ushered a tendency that prevailed during the high time of RomanticismThe Romantic Period (I)⏹“The Lakers”：湖畔诗人William WordsworthSamuel ColeridgeRobert Southey•William Wordsworth•Lyrical Ballads；Lines Written in Early Spring；To the Cuckoo ；The Daffodils I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；My Heart Leaps Up；Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyComments on WordsworthWordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by simplicity and purity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated expressions.•George Gordon Byron•Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage；Don Juan•What is Byronic hero?•Byron’s chief contribution to English poetry.•Such a hero is a proud, rebellious figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right to all the wrongs in a corrupted society, and he would fight single--handedly against all the misdoings.•Thus this figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions •Byronic heroes•heroic of noble birth•passionate•rebellious•individual•Summery•This is a love poem about a beautiful woman and all of her features. Throughout the poem, Byron explains the depth of this woman’s beauty. Even in the darkness of death and mourning, her beauty shines through. Her innocence shows her pureness in heart and in love. The two forces involved in Byron’s poems are darkness and light --- at work in the woman’s beauty and also the two areas of her beauty --- the internal and the external •The theme•This poem shows that mourning does not necessarily imply melancholy or extreme sadness.•Rhetorics•Byron uses many antonyms to describe this woman --- face, eye, hair, cheek, brow, etc. to portray a perfect balance within her.•He often uses opposites like darkness and light to create this balance.• A simile was shown in line one which stated: “She walks in beauty, like the night”, which is also the basis of the poem.•Rhyme and meter•The poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter, with an “ababab cdcdcd efefef” rhyme. •Percy Bysshe Shelley•Comments on Shelley• 1. Shelley is one of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry. And he is also one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.• 2. Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.• 3. One of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.❖ 4. He stood for this social and political ideal all his life.❖ 5. He and Byron are justifiably (justly, rightly) regarded as the two great poets of the revolutionary romanticism in England.❖ 6. Byron, his best friend, said of Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew”.❖7. Wordsworth said, “Shelley is one of the best artists of us all”.❖Ode to the West Wind❖Stanza 1❖It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroyer(ll.2-5) and preserver(ll.6-12).❖Line 14 sums up the wind’s two basic characteristics, which also constitute the thematic focus of the poem❖Stanza 2❖I t focuses on the adumbration of the wind’s power driving clouds before it and bringing storms with it (ll.15-23) with lightning, rain, fire and hail (ll. 23-28).❖It also describes its destructive aspect of “closing night” enveloping all under its dome ofa vast tomb (ll. 24-25).❖Stanza 3❖It talks about the wind’s impact upon the sea, its first touching on the calm of the Mediterranean (ll. 29-36), and then on the turbulence of the Atlantic (ll.36-42).❖The Mediterranean sleeps in serenity in the summer but is waken up by the wind to see the quivering of the shadows of ancient palaces and towers (ll. 29-35) and the Atlantic cleaving asunder into gigantic chasms (ll. 35-38).❖Even the vegetation at the bottom of the sea “grow gray with fear./tremble and despo il themselves”.❖Stanza 4❖It expresses the poet’s emotional response to the west wind.❖The poet says to the wind (ll.43-47) that he wishes to be spirited away like the leaves, to dance like the clouds, to breathe like the waves, and enjoy a share of the win d’s strength like the storm though with a lesser degree of freedom of movement.❖The poet takes a nostalgic backward glance at his free, uncontrollable boyhood when he could fly like a swift could like the wind, and even outstrip it in speed (ll.47-51), and wishes for the wind to lift him up like a leaf or wave or a cloud (l. 54). But it is only a figment of his imagination.❖He has to face “the horns of life” that he has fallen upon, chained and weighed down, and no longer “tameless, swift, and proud” like the wind (ll.54-56).❖Stanza 5⏹It expresses both the poet’s request for the wind to help spread the words of his poem“among mankind” and wake it up from its deep stupor (ll. 66-69) and his prophecy that spring will come in the wake of winter (ll.69-70).⏹The poem ends upon a note of confidence and hope.⏹John Keats one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romanticmovement⏹Ode on a Grecian Urn The Eve of St. Agnes To a NightingaleWalter Scott He is the creator and a great master of the historical novelJane AustenPride and Prejudice；Sense and Sensibility；Mansfield Park；Emma；Northanger Abbey；PersuasionCritical Realism Victorian PeriodFeatures of Dickens’s novels♦Charles Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation; criticize the vices of capitalist society.Charles Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of his class. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes. He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society♦Charles Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter and tell much of the experiences of his childhood. Almost all his novels have happy endings.The story of some major novels♦Oliver Twist♦David Copperfield♦Great Expectation♦ A Tale of Two CitiesWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity Fair•The Brontë sisters•Charlotte•Jane eyre (1847)•Shirley (1849)•Villette (1853)•The professor (1857)•Emily•Wuthering Heights (1847)•Anne•Agnes Grey (1847)•The tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》Alfred Lord Tennyson•the poet laureate after the death of Wordsworth in 1850•The Princes (1847),•In Memoriam (1850),•Maud (1855),•Enoch Arden (1864),•The Idylls of the King (1869-1872) Break, Break, Break ；Ulysses；Crossing the Bar Robert BrowningMy Last Duchess a dramatic monologueThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literatureThomas Hardy◆Under the Greenwood Tree◆Far from the Madding Crowd◆The Return of the Native◆The Mayor of Casterbridge◆Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Jude the ObscureOscar Wilde♦The Picture of Dorian Gray♦Lady Windermere’s Fan♦ A Woman of No Importance♦An Ideal Husband♦The Importance of Being Earnest♦Salome♦The Happy Prince and Other TalesGeorge Bernard Shaw♦ a prolific writer;♦winning Nobel Prize in 1925Mrs. Warren’s professionD. H. Lawrence•Novels•Sons and Lovers•The Rainbow•Women in Love•Lady Chatterley's Lover•Novellas•St Mawr•The Virgin and the Gypsy•The Escaped Cock“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce Araby附读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学简史复习资料General introduction of English literature1. 1) Old English Literature (449-1066) 古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century) 中世纪英语时期文学——Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400) 杰弗里·乔叟2. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚——Ben Jonson 本·琼生——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688) 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁——William Blake威廉·布莱克——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯5. Romantic English Literature (1798-1832) 浪漫主义时期——William Wordsworth, 威廉·华兹华斯——Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治——George Gordon Byron, 乔治·戈登·拜伦——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱——John Keats, 约翰·济慈——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期（批判现实主义）——W.M. Thackeray, 萨克雷——C harles Dickens, 查尔斯·狄更斯——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Ann Bronte——George Eliot乔治·艾略特——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德7. 20th Century English Literature——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯——T. S. Eliot 爱略特一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) ，Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻metaphor 手法3、Alliteration 头韵（写作手法）例子：of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved,To his k in the k indest, k eenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁—诺曼时期1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里·乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷的故事集》(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
英国文学选读第四版复习资料
Charles Dickens1.Make a brief introduction to the three main characters.Dombey, Edith and Carker, are vividly described in the novel Dombey and Son.The writer is Charles Dickens.Dombey is a heartless capitalist who thinks of everything in terms of cash, even in his relations with the members of his family. He is proud of his wealth and is devoted to the gods of wealth and power.Edith is also proud. She is very handsome, very haughty, and very willful. Her pride is quite different from that of Dombey. Her pride is the one weapon of self-defense for a hurt and tormented soul in her struggle against the rule of money. Edith is a tragedy from first to last—a fine spirit that has been allowed no chance of unfettered development under capitalism, and who, in the end, wins only the peace of a voluntary, solitary confinement.Carker the villain, whole smooth tongue covers alago-like malevolence, stands as a type of social evil, to which the capitalist system lends a cover of virtue, and which it usually rewards with success. Though Carker is killed in an accident, he has done the maximum of mischief during his lifetime. These types of characters are all products of the bourgeois society.2.Tell the characteristics of Alfred Tennyson’s poetry----- Dramatic monologue (Robert Browning)Tennyson has a total mastery of the sounds and rhythms of the English language.Tennyson has a genius for evoking moods and states of mind in his poems. He is able to create a sense of nostalgia, a wistful longing for the past or for remote experiences. No English poet surpasses Tennyson at linking descriptions of nature or setting to state of mind. Some of his poems deal with the main political, religious and scientific issues of his day. His poems reflect his conservative ideas and idealization of the bourgeois social reality.ment on the characteristics of Modernist Literature.(现代文学)Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objectivity. They are mainly concerned with the inner world of an individual therefore, they pay more attention to the psychic time than the Chronological one. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mixed together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.4.Make a brief introduction to William Butler Yeats’s literary career.生涯为三部分，所以从三部分来写。
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理摘要：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述2.英国文艺复兴时期文学3.英国浪漫主义时期文学4.维多利亚时期文学5.20世纪英国文学6.当代英国文学三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略四、提供学习建议和考试技巧正文：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性新编英国文学选读作为一门高校英语专业课程，旨在帮助学生深入理解英国文学的发展脉络，掌握各个时期的重要作家和作品。
通过学习新编英国文学选读，学生能够丰富自己的文学素养，提高英语阅读和分析能力。
二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述：包括早期英国文学的起源、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期、诺曼征服后的英国文学等。
2.英国文艺复兴时期文学：介绍莎士比亚、斯宾塞、马洛等著名作家，以及他们的代表作品。
3.英国浪漫主义时期文学：分析华兹华斯、骚塞、拜伦、雪莱等诗人的创作特点和作品。
4.维多利亚时期文学：探讨狄更斯、萨克雷、特罗洛普等现实主义作家的社会批判精神。
5.20世纪英国文学：涵盖叶芝、艾略特、乔伊斯等现代主义作家的创新表现。
6.当代英国文学：关注贝克特、品特、石黑一雄等后现代主义作家的实验性创作。
三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略历年考试试题主要以选择题、填空题、简答题和论述题为主。
针对不同题型，学生应掌握以下策略：1.选择题：熟练掌握各个时期作家的代表作品、风格特点、生平事迹等基本知识。
2.填空题：对重要作品的主题、情节、人物关系等细节有深入了解。
3.简答题：能够概括作者的创作背景、文学地位和作品的主题思想。
4.论述题：具备对文学作品进行深入分析、评价的能力，并能结合社会历史背景进行探讨。
四、提供学习建议和考试技巧1.制定学习计划：合理安排学习时间，确保系统地学习每个时期的文学知识。
2.积累资料：整理历年考试试题，归纳总结出高频考点和易错点。
3.加强练习：多做模拟试题，提高自己的应试能力和文学分析能力。
《英国文学选读》复习题解析
Part I: the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Historical backgroundThe early inhabitants in the island we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name —Britain, the land of Britons, who were a primitive people living in the tribal society.After the fall of the Roman Empire (410AD) and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the Teutonic tribes, esp., the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, conquered the island and called it Angle-land, then England.2. Literature：The Song of BeowulfThe Song of Beowulf = the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons or English people.The Song of Beowulf – Features1) The use of alliteration— the most striking one. In alliterative verse, certain accented words ina line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration,2) ThemesIt can be concluded that this poem shows how the primitive people fight against the forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. But it seems that all themes are part of a larger thematic scheme which centers upon the conflict between good and evil.Part II: The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)1. Historical background: The Norman Conquest:After the battle of Hastings in 1066, came the French-speaking Normans under Duke William.1) Three chief effects of the Conquest: B✧The bringing of Roman civilization✧The growth of nationality – a strong centralized government✧The new language and literature2. Literature — Romance:1) The literature the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in remarkable contrast with the strength and somberness of the Anglo-Saxon poetry.2) Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta) The best of Arthurian romances, anonymous, in alliterative verseb) Theme: A test of man’s virtue and truthPart III: Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)1. The Canterbury Tales1) The General Prologue:The tales begin with a general prologue, which provides a framework for the tales and comprises a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures.2) Chaucer’s contributions Aa. a master of realism: In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, all classes except the royalty and the poorest peasants are presented by the pilgrims. Every figure is drawn with the accuracy of a portrait. It is no exaggeration to say the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.b. founder of English literary language: He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.c. Father of English poetry: He introduced from Italy and France the metrical form - the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the heroic couplet, iambic pentameters with the lines rhyming in pairs.2. Popular Ballads - DefinitionA ballad is a folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. Usually, a ballad is composed in four-line stanzas with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. The first and the third lines carry four accented syllables whereas the second and the fourth carry three.Ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition —notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular ballad's form and style: Coleridg e's ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ (1798) is a celebrated example.3. William Langland and Piers the PlowmanPiers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems of Medieval times.Part IV: The Renaissance1. The Renaissance—a definitionRenaissance, or, the rebirth of letters, is an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of the movement. One is a thirsting curiosity for classical literature. The other feature is the keen interest in life and human activities. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. Thinkers, artists and poets arose, who gave expression, (sometimes in an old guise, though) to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in sharp contrast with medieval theology. Hence arose Humanism, the spreading of which indicates that the Renaissance is rather the flourishment of bourgeois art and literature.2. HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Renaissance humanists found in the classics ajustification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the impo r tance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3. Thomas More1) The first of the English humanists was Sir Thomas More (1478-1535).2) The name “Utopia” comes from 2Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has been since used to designate the ideal state.4. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)He introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.5. New Poetic Forms1) The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter, was introduced from Italy to England by Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard. The first twelve lines are intricately rhymed, which are followed by a heroic couplet. For the next half century, it was one of the most popular forms of English verse.2) In the translation of Vigil’s Adenoid, Henry Howard also wrote the first blank verse, a form of unrhymed iambic pentameters. This form was later masterly handled by Marlowe, Shakespeare and Milton.3) In writing The Faerie Queene, the “poet of the poets”Edmund Spenser devised a special verse form of Spenserian Stanza that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an iambic hexameter, with a rhyme scheme as ababbcbcc. Later, this form was also used by Byron in his Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.6. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)1) "The Faerie Queene” - The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism, all typical of the poet's age. But these new ideas are expressed under the guise of medieval knighthood.2) The publication of Spenser’s first work The Shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance flower, the language then to be called Modern English, to distinguish from the Middle English of C haucer’s day.7. Christopher Marlowe1) The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.2) The greatest of the pioneers was Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who reformed the genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.3) It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.4) Marlowe's best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592) andDoctor Faustus (1588).William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. Shakespeare: the summit of the English Renaissance1) Four greatest tragedies: Hamlet / Othello / King Lear / Macbeth2. Hamlet1) Hamlet’s character and his revengeMelancholy is the key-note of his character.a) REVENGE: The triple wrongs on the part of Hamlet’s Uncle: murder, usurpation, incest. By meditation he knows revenge is easy, but not merely personal one. His mere revenge upon his uncle would in no way solve the problems that trouble and upset him; to expose the roots of the evil and to establish a reign of justice. He has to consider the fate of his country, not merely his personal wrongs.b) PURPOSE: delay killing Claudius to kill the soul as well as the body. If the revenge is done without exposure of Claudius’ wrong, then the abrupt de ath of the king might cause panic to the people and danger to the state. In other words, his melancholy shows his responsibility, for, he considers not his personal wrong but the fate, the future of his country.3. The Merchant of Venice1) Portia, a woman of the Renaissance - beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespeare's ideal women.2) The most remarkable character in the play is Shylock the Jew. Shakespeare shows us everything of Shylock's meanness, cunning and cruelty, and yet his portrayal of the Jew enlists our sympathy.Part V The 17th Century1. John Donne (1572-1631)1) Donne’s poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.2. John Milton ( 1608 —1674)1) the second greatest poet of the English language2) the greatest writer of the17th century3) Paradise Lost = his masterpiece3. John Bunyan —Pilgrim’s ProgressPart VI The 18th Century1. Enlightenment Movement1) An intellectual movement that developed in Europe in the 17th century and reached its height in the 18th. The Enlightenment celebrated reason, equality, science and human beings’ ability toperfect themselves and their society.2) Characteristics of the EnlightenmentEmphasis on reason rather than authorityMan’s mind, not God’s wordEncouragement of scientific inquiryBelief in the perfectibility of Man3) In religion, it was against superstition, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical well-being. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.2. Robinson CrusoeThemes of Robinson Crusoe: Glorification of the imperialist dream: Robinson = the prototype of the British Empire.3. Gulliver’s Travels4. Laurence SternHe has often been claimed as a precursor of modernist experiment: events not in chronological order, chapters blank, juggled punctuation marks, drawings instead of words sometimes.5. Thomas Gray (1716-1771)An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard6. William Blake —“The Tyge r”“The question posed in the poem is whether God is the source of both good (the lamb) and evil (the tyger) in the world”.Prt VII Romantic English Literature1. English Romanticism begins in 1798with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.2. Romanticism = a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassicism reason3. Characteristics of RomanticismImagination / Idealization of Nature / Individualism / Glorification of the commonplace / The lure of the exotic4. Different perspectives about nature:—a healing power;—a source of subject and image;—a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization.5. Wordsworth’s Preface (1800) to Lyrical Ballads is the manifesto of English Romanticism.Multiple choice1. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce ________ to England.A. rationalismB. romanticismC. criticismD. realism2. “Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.” This sentence appears in ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. A Dictionary of the English LanguageC. An Essay on CriticismD. Of Studies3. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. Llycidas4. Which of the following is true about the book Gulliver’s Travels?A. It is a study of human nature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an organic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the contemporary English and European life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.5. _____ has been regarded as the best comedy since Shakespeare.A. The RivalsB. The School for ScandalC. St. Patrick’s DayD. The Duenna6. William Langland’s _______is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. The Faerie Queene7. "The School for Scandal" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. comedyC. proseD. fable8. Which of the following statements is true about the metaphysical poets?A. The diction of their writing is comparatively lengthy.B. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.C. They tried to be reconciled with the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.D. The imagery is usually drawn from the ideal life.。
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Part I The Middle AgeChapter 1 the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）: England’s national epic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artistic feature: ① using alliteration② using metaphor and understatementChapter 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (ca1343-1400)1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English poetry and one of the most greatest narrative（叙事）poets of England.2.首创双韵体. tonico-syllabic verse. 运用London dialect.3. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.4.代表作：The Canterbury Tales-----In this book, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. But Chaucer was not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. [乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。
在他的这部现实主义诗歌中，他将自己的讽刺艺术和宽广视野展现的淋漓尽致，使该作品在16世纪前的英国独树一帜。
但是没能脱离中世纪的偏见。
Part II The Renaissance（文艺复兴）1.时期：during the 16th century（1550---1642）2.国家：Greek and Roman. Also England in drama.3.定义：The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.4.类型：drama and canto（诗章）.5.key work: ① humanism --- admire human beauty and human achievement.②Thomas More--- Utopia in 1516.③Francis Bacon--- the great English scientist and philosopher.④ Christopher Marlowe--- the greatest of the pioneers of English drama⑤ Edmund Spenser(埃德蒙·斯宾塞)----The Faerie Queene（仙后）Chapter 5 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. He is the greatest of English authors, the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.2. One of the first founder s of realism.3. A master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.4.四大悲剧: ①Hamlet②Othello③King Lear④The Tragedy of Macbeth.5.创作阶段: ①comedy:1590-1600②tragedy:1601-1608③tragicomedies:1609-161222年写了37plays,2 narrative poems,154sonnets.6. Hamlet: It is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and criticism of contemporary world.The character of Hamlet. 1. A humanist, free from prejudices and superstitions. Loving the world instead of the heaven. 2. Treat people with love. Disgusted w ith uncle’s drunkenness. Shocked by mother’s shallowness. 3. Intellectual genius. Close observer. “ Denmark is a prison”. 4. The melancholy of Hamlet—the key note of Hamlet’s character. He is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger.Contrast is an important structural principle in Hamlet. Shakespeare’s plays are generallywell-organized, with harmony and order disbalanced at the beginning, social conflicts sharpened in the middle and harmony and order restored at the end. Themes: Hypocrisy, treachery of the royal court and of the society as a whole. Revenge theme (Justice by violence) Lack of faith v. love The doom of ambition The tragedy of Hamlet: An individual v. mighty evil force of the whole society7. The merchant of Venice is not tragedy.8. sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee(你) to a summer’s day?①1-4起，5-8承，9-12转，13-14合.②simile, rhetoric question, alliteration, personification, couplet(对偶).③The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Also notice the love play. Apparently the poe t is addressing a man of his heart, the wooing sounds more like a game play than anything real and sincere. The love here is too conditional to be genuine.④Structure: Proposal (line1-2) Argument (line3-12) Conclusion (line13-14)Chapter 6 Francis Bacon---essayist1. Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes. The most important are the Essays.①the philosophical---the advancement of learning②the literary---essays③the professional works---maxims of the law and reading on the statute of uses.2. The essays of Bacon are so highly esteemed.3. ”Great Place”is the Bacon’s worldly—wise philosophy.4. Of Studies’ main idea: ①the text is that of 1;.652 editions.②uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by differentpeople to pursue studies.5. writing style: brevity, compactness, powerfulness, well-arranged.Part III The period of Revolution and Restoration（资产阶级革命与王政复辟）1.The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous(动荡)periods in England.2.文学特点：①The Puritan Age was one of confusion, due to breaking up of old ideas.② In the absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism there was nothing toprevent the exaggeration of the “metaphysical” poets(玄学派)。