阅读理解认识总分总结构

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语文阅读理解归类

语文阅读理解归类语文阅读理解是语文教学中的重要组成部分，它不仅能够锻炼学生的语言理解能力，还能提升学生的逻辑思维和分析能力。

在进行阅读理解时，我们可以将文章进行归类，以便更好地理解和分析。

以下是一些常见的归类方法：1. 按照文章类型归类- 记叙文：这类文章主要通过叙述事件来表达作者的观点和情感。

在阅读记叙文时，我们需要关注时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，以及作者通过这些要素所传达的信息。

- 议论文：议论文主要是对某一观点或问题进行分析和论证。

在阅读议论文时，要关注作者的论点、论据和论证方法，以及文章的结构和逻辑。

- 说明文：说明文的目的是解释和阐述事物的性质、特点、原因等。

在阅读说明文时，要关注文章的结构、说明方法和语言特点。

2. 按照文章内容归类- 文化类：这类文章通常涉及历史、艺术、风俗等方面的内容，需要读者有一定的文化背景知识。

- 科技类：科技类文章则关注最新的科学发现和技术进展，要求读者具备一定的科学素养。

- 社会类：社会类文章探讨的是社会现象、社会问题等，需要读者关注社会动态和时事。

3. 按照文章风格归类- 抒情风格：这类文章通常情感丰富，语言优美，能够引起读者的共鸣。

- 议论风格：议论风格的文章逻辑性强，语言严谨，旨在传达作者的观点和看法。

- 叙事风格：叙事风格的文章以叙述为主，通过讲述故事来吸引读者。

4. 按照文章结构归类- 总分总结构：文章先提出总的观点或主题，然后分点阐述，最后总结全文。

- 并列结构：文章的几个部分平行并列，各自独立，共同支撑文章的主题。

- 递进结构：文章的各个部分按照一定的逻辑顺序递进，逐步深入。

在进行阅读理解时，我们可以根据文章的特点选择合适的归类方法，这有助于我们更好地把握文章的主旨和结构，从而提高阅读理解的效率和质量。

同时，通过归类练习，我们也能够培养自己的逻辑思维和分析能力，为今后的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。

(完整word版)阅读理解认识总分总结构

第四专题认识总分总构造分总构造是文章常常运用的一种段落构造,即总起——分述——总结。

总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句精练的话归纳文章內容;分述部分是环绕总起句睁开的 ,一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容; 总句一般放在文章结尾部分 ,对文章进行总结、深入、增补或完美。

例文赏析：还魂草彭万洲①大巴山的槲枥树林里 ,有一种奇怪的小草 ,大家叫它还魂草。

②走进密密的槲枥树林 ,温润的沃壤上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑 ,在落叶上 ,像圆圆的邮戳 ,我们拨开落叶 ,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。

它的大小和我们的手掌差不多,茎细如丝 ,叶子像一片片花瓣 ,整个草叶看上去就像绽放的花儿。

我们轻轻地拔起它 ,当心地抖去根部的泥沙 ,收集多了 ,带回家 ,晾干后珍藏起来。

老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身 ;我们拿它当书签 ,送给好朋友。

③还魂草真能还魂吗 ?你看 ,每当我们看书累了 ,把还魂草从册页中拿出 ,放进盛满清水的杯中 ,马上 ,干细的茎渐渐挺直 ,枯竭的叶片慢慢张开 ,颜色又显得那么嫩绿 ,那么鲜活。

还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!④我喜爱一般又奇特的还魂草。

1.请你仔细阅读短文 ,而后达成下边的填空。

短文主要向我们介绍了 (),共()个自然段。

第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇怪的小草 ,大家叫它(）第②自然段共 ()句话 ,分别向我们介绍了还魂草的（)()(）。

第③自然段共 ()句话 ,介绍了还魂草的 ()特色。

第④自然段一句话 ,直接表达了作者的感情——我()还魂草。

2.此刻你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗?3.还魂草的奇特表此刻什么地方,用“”画出来。

自己来挑战：最后一栋房①一个人应当怎样对待自己的学习和工作?我们不如看看下边这篇小事。

②一位上了年的木工准退休了,他告雇主 :“我不想再盖房屋了 ,想和我的老伴一种更为悠的生活,然很迷恋那份酬 ,但我退休了。

”雇主看到他的好工人要走得特别痛惜,于是就他能不可以再建一房屋。

三年级语文文章结构分析方法

三年级语文文章结构分析方法对于三年级的小朋友来说，学会分析语文文章的结构是提高阅读理解和写作能力的重要一步。

那什么是文章结构呢？简单来说，就是作者组织和安排文章内容的方式。

就好像盖房子，要先有一个框架，然后再往里面添砖加瓦。

一、总分总结构这是一种很常见的文章结构。

文章开头先总的概括主要内容，中间详细地展开叙述，结尾再总结升华。

比如说，有一篇写《美丽的校园》的文章，开头可能会说：“我们的校园非常美丽。

”这就是总的概括。

然后中间会分别描写校园的花草树木、教学楼、操场等等，详细地展现校园的美。

最后结尾会说：“我爱我们美丽的校园，它是我成长的乐园。

”这就是总结，再次强调对校园的喜爱之情。

当小朋友们遇到这种结构的文章时，可以先找到开头的总述部分，了解文章的主题和作者的主要观点。

然后认真阅读中间的详细描述部分，看看作者是从哪些方面来支持开头的观点的。

最后再读结尾，体会作者的总结和情感表达。

二、总分结构总分结构就是先总述，然后分别进行论述。

比如一篇介绍动物的文章，开头会说：“兔子是一种非常可爱的动物。

”接下来就会分别从兔子的外貌、习性、生活环境等方面来具体介绍兔子的可爱之处。

对于这种结构的文章，小朋友们要重点关注开头的总述，明白文章主要在讲什么。

然后仔细阅读后面的分述部分，了解具体的内容和细节。

三、分总结构与总分结构相反，分总结构是先分别论述，最后再进行总结。

比如写《四季之美》，可能会先分别描述春天的生机勃勃、夏天的热情似火、秋天的丰收喜悦、冬天的银装素裹，最后总结说：“四季各有各的美，让我们感受着大自然的神奇与魅力。

”在分析这类文章时，小朋友们要先认真读前面的分别论述，了解每个部分的内容。

最后读总结部分，理解作者想要表达的核心思想。

四、并列结构并列结构的文章，各个部分之间没有主次之分，是平行排列的。

比如写《我的爱好》，可能会依次写“我喜欢读书”“我喜欢画画”“我喜欢运动”，这几个部分的地位是平等的，都是在讲述作者的爱好。

认识总分总结构

掌握运用
在实际应用中，需要根据不同情境和需求，灵活运用总分总结构，合理安排内容的层次和逻辑关系。
将总分总结构应用于更多领域
写作领域
在各类写作中，如论文、报告、新闻稿等，运用总分总结构可帮助作者更好地组织思路，使文章结构严谨，逻辑清晰。
演讲领域
在演讲中，使用总分总结构可以让听众更好地理解和记忆演讲内容，提高演讲效果。
认识总分总结构
目录
• 总分总结构概述 • 总分总结构在写作中的应用 • 总分总结构在演讲中的应用 • 总分总结构在阅读理解中的应用 • 总分总结构在日常生活中的应用 • 总结与展望
01
总分总结构概述
定义与特点
定义
清晰明了
总分总结构是一种常见的文章或演讲结构，包括开头总结（总）、中间详细阐述（分）和结尾总结（总）三个部分。
明确目标
团队共同讨论并明确任务目标，确保每个成员对任务有清晰的认
识。
分工合作
根据团队成员的特长和优势，合理分配任务，确保任务高效完成。
成果汇总
对团队成员完成的任务进行汇总，评估任务完成质量和效率，为后
续团队协作提供改进建议。
自我提升：设定目标、学习方法、实践反思
设定目标
根据个人兴趣和职业规划，设定明确的自我提升目标。
通过开头和结尾的总结，使读者或听众能够快速了解主题和要点。
逻辑性强
易于记忆
中间部分按照一定逻辑顺序进行阐述，使内容条理清晰。
由于结构简洁明了，总分总结构有助于读者或听众更好地记忆和理解内容。
应用领域
学术论文
总分总结构有助于组织论文的主要论点和论据，使论文更具
说服力。
商业报告
总分总结构可以使报告更加简洁明了，突出重点，便于决策者快速了解报告内容。

理解文章的主旨与结构技巧

理解文章的主旨与结构技巧在我们日常的阅读中，无论是学术论文、小说、新闻报道还是散文，理解文章的主旨与结构都是至关重要的能力。

这不仅能够帮助我们更高效地获取信息，还能让我们深入领会作者的意图，提升阅读的质量和收获。

文章的主旨，简单来说，就是作者想要通过文字传达的核心思想或主要观点。

它是文章的灵魂所在，贯穿于全文的始终。

然而，要准确地把握主旨并非易事，因为作者可能不会直白地表述，而是通过各种方式隐晦地传达。

一种常见的主旨表达方式是在文章开头直接点明。

作者可能会在开头段落就清晰地阐述自己的核心观点，为后续的论述奠定基础。

比如在一些议论文中，开篇就会抛出论点，随后围绕其展开论证。

但更多的时候，作者会选择在文章的结尾才揭示主旨。

经过前面的铺垫和论述，最后的总结往往能让主旨更具说服力和冲击力。

还有一些作者会将主旨巧妙地融入到文章的各个部分，需要我们在阅读过程中加以整合和提炼。

这就要求我们在阅读时保持敏锐的洞察力，注意文中反复出现的关键词、关键句，以及作者的情感倾向和态度。

理解文章主旨的关键在于读懂作者的意图。

这需要我们考虑文章的写作背景、作者的立场和目的。

例如，一篇关于环境保护的文章，如果写于某个重大环境灾难之后，那么其主旨可能更多地在于呼吁人们采取行动来拯救环境。

而文章的结构，则是支撑主旨的骨架。

一个清晰合理的结构能够使文章层次分明，逻辑顺畅，让读者更容易跟上作者的思路。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总等形式。

总分总结构通常先提出总的观点或主题，然后分别从不同方面进行论述，最后再总结升华。

总分结构则是先给出总体的概述，接着详细阐述各个部分。

分总结构则相反，先分别论述，最后归纳总结出核心要点。

以记叙文为例，它可能会按照时间顺序、空间顺序或者事件发展的逻辑顺序来组织结构。

时间顺序会按照事情发生的先后顺序依次叙述；空间顺序则依据地点的转换来展开；事件发展的逻辑顺序则注重情节的起承转合，有开端、发展、高潮和结局。

三年级理解文章结构技巧

三年级理解文章结构技巧对于三年级的小朋友来说，理解文章结构是阅读和写作的重要基础。

就像盖房子需要先有稳固的框架一样，读懂一篇文章也需要明白它的结构。

一、什么是文章结构文章结构，简单来说，就是文章内容的组织和安排方式。

它就像是一个地图，能帮助我们清楚地知道作者是怎么讲述一个故事、说明一个道理或者描述一个事物的。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总等。

总分总结构就是先总的概括，然后分别详细阐述，最后再总结；总分结构是先总述，然后具体分点说明；分总结构则是先分别叙述，最后总结归纳。

二、为什么要理解文章结构理解文章结构有很多好处呢。

首先，能让我们更快更准确地理解文章的主要内容。

比如，当我们知道这篇文章是总分总结构，那么开头的总述部分就能让我们大概了解作者要说什么。

其次，有助于提高阅读速度。

一旦掌握了结构，我们就可以有重点地阅读，不必逐字逐句，节省时间。

再者，对于写作也非常有帮助。

当我们自己写作文的时候，知道怎么安排结构，文章就会更有条理，更清晰。

三、如何判断文章结构1、看开头和结尾很多文章在开头会点明主题，或者在结尾进行总结。

如果开头就告诉我们主要内容，结尾又有呼应，那很可能是总分总结构。

2、找关键句有些文章会有一些关键句，比如“总的来说”“综上所述”“首先、其次、最后”等等，这些词句能帮助我们判断文章结构。

3、分析段落内容看看每个段落讲的是什么，如果段落之间有明显的主次之分，或者是从不同方面来论述同一个主题，也能帮助我们判断结构。

四、不同文体的文章结构1、记叙文记叙文通常按照事情发展的顺序来写，比如起因、经过、结果。

也有些记叙文会用倒叙或者插叙的方式。

比如《一件难忘的事》，可能会先讲这件事让自己难忘，然后再详细描述事情的经过。

2、说明文说明文的结构比较多样，常见的有按照事物的特点从不同方面介绍，或者按照空间顺序、时间顺序等。

像介绍一种动物，可能会从外形、生活习性等方面来说，这就是总分的结构。

3、议论文议论文一般会先提出观点，然后用各种论据来论证，最后得出结论。

小学语文常见的几种段的结构

小学语文常见的几种段的结构在小学语文的学习中，段落的结构是非常重要的基础知识。

了解常见的段的结构，不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力，还对写作有着极大的帮助。

接下来，我们就一起探讨一下小学语文中常见的几种段的结构。

一、总分结构总分结构是一种常见且比较容易理解的段落结构。

在这种结构中，段落开头先对全段内容进行总的概括，然后再分别从不同方面进行具体的叙述。

例如：“秋天的景色真美！果园里，红彤彤的苹果挂满枝头，黄澄澄的梨子你挤我碰，争着让人们去采摘。

田野里，金黄的稻子笑弯了腰，火红的高粱像燃烧的火把。

”这段话开头先总说秋天的景色美，然后分别从果园和田野两个方面具体描述了秋天景色的美丽。

总分结构的好处在于能够让读者一开始就对段落的主要内容有一个清晰的认识，然后再通过具体的描述加深理解。

二、分总结构与总分结构相反，分总结构是先分别叙述相关内容，最后再进行总结。

比如：“公园里的花开得十分鲜艳。

红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。

它们有的含苞待放，有的已经完全绽放，姿态各异。

这些美丽的花朵把公园装点得如诗如画。

”这段文字先分别描述了公园里花的颜色和姿态，最后总结这些花把公园装点得很美。

分总结构能够先引导读者关注具体的细节，最后得出一个整体的结论，使读者对段落内容有更全面的把握。

三、总分总结构总分总结构是将总分和分总结构结合起来，先进行总的概括，然后分别阐述，最后再进行总结。

举个例子：“我们的校园十分美丽。

走进校园，首先映入眼帘的是高大的教学楼，它宽敞明亮，是我们学习的地方。

校园的左边是宽广的操场，同学们在那里尽情地奔跑嬉戏。

校园的右边是美丽的花园，里面种满了各种各样的花草树木。

总之，我们的校园是一个充满生机和活力的地方。

”这段话先总述校园美丽，接着分别从教学楼、操场、花园三个方面具体描述，最后总结校园充满生机和活力。

总分总结构使段落的内容更加完整、有条理，能够让读者对所描述的事物有一个清晰、全面的认识。

四、并列结构并列结构的段落中，几个句子或内容之间没有主次之分，地位平等，分别从不同的角度来描述或说明同一事物。

三年级语文阅读理解答题技巧整理版

阅读理解整理
了解文章主要内容
一、抓住首句读懂一段话
1.中心句：能概括文章主要内容或表达情感（即写作目的）的句子
2.总起句：能概括文段主要内容的句子。

找到它就可以快、准、精地把握文段主要内容、情感。

3.总起句的位置：出现在一段话的开头。

4.辨别方法：认真读第一句话，再看看后面的句子是不是围绕第一句话写的。

一、抓住尾句读懂一段话
1.总结句：段尾处进行总结的句子，能够概括文段主要内容，抒发情感。

2.辨别方法：往往以写感想、写体会、写倡议的方式出现。

理清文章结构
一、认识总分总结构
总分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构，即总起--分述--总结。

总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章内容；分述部分是围绕总起句展开的，一般都是并列地从几个方面表述总起句的内容；总结句一半放在文章的结尾部分，对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。

二、认识先概括再具体结构
1.概括是总写事物的特点、情感；具体是指详细、分述事物的特点或情感。

2.概括和具体是作者根据内容需要作出的详略安排，也是很常用的写作方法。

三、认识因果段式
1.因果段式，一般都是由几句话讲明原因，几句话点明结果。

作者根据需要，安排因果顺序不一：有的原因在前、结果在后；有的结果在前，原因在后。

文中常用“因为”“因此”“所以”等词语表示这种因果关系。

2.这种段式分层时，“因”一层，“果”一层。

3.概括段意的时候以结果为主，有时也把原因简要地概括进去。

四、认识顺承段式
1.。

阅读理解中的结构分析方法课件

阅读理解中的结构分析方法课件在我们进行阅读理解时，掌握有效的结构分析方法是提升理解能力和答题准确性的关键。

本课件将带您深入探讨阅读理解中的结构分析方法，帮助您更轻松地应对各类阅读材料。

一、什么是阅读理解中的结构阅读理解中的结构，简单来说，就是文章的组织方式和框架。

它包括段落的划分、层次的安排、主题的呈现以及各个部分之间的逻辑关系。

就像建造房屋一样，结构是支撑整篇文章的骨架，决定了内容的组织和表达。

二、为什么要进行结构分析1、提高阅读效率通过快速把握文章的结构，我们能够迅速了解作者的思路和重点，避免在不重要的细节上浪费时间，从而更高效地获取关键信息。

2、增强理解深度清楚文章的结构有助于我们理解各个部分之间的关联，从而更全面、深入地理解文章的内涵和作者的意图。

3、准确回答问题很多阅读理解题目都与文章的结构相关。

例如，概括段落大意、分析篇章结构的作用等。

只有掌握了结构分析方法，我们才能准确回答这类问题。

三、常见的文章结构类型1、总分总结构这是一种常见的结构类型。

文章开头提出总的观点或主题，然后通过中间的段落分别进行阐述和论证，最后在结尾部分进行总结和强调。

例如，在一篇论述“读书的重要性”的文章中，开头可能会直接指出“读书对个人成长和社会发展具有重要意义”，中间分别从“增长知识”“开阔视野”“提升思维能力”等方面进行论述，结尾则再次强调读书的重要性，并呼吁大家多读书。

2、总分结构先提出总的观点或主题，然后通过后续的内容进行详细的阐述和说明。

比如，在介绍“某种新型科技产品”的文章中，开头点明该产品的创新性和独特之处，接下来具体介绍其功能、特点、优势等。

3、分总结构先分别论述各个方面的内容，最后进行总结和归纳。

比如，一篇关于“不同动物的生活习性”的文章，可能会先分别介绍几种动物的习性，最后总结出动物习性的多样性和适应性。

4、并列结构文章的各个部分之间是平行并列的关系，分别从不同的角度或方面来论述同一个主题。

理解文章主旨与结构的实用方法

理解文章主旨与结构的实用方法在我们的学习和生活中，阅读各类文章是常有的事。

无论是为了获取知识、欣赏文学作品，还是为了完成作业、准备考试，理解文章的主旨与结构都是至关重要的。

掌握有效的方法，能够帮助我们更快速、更准确地把握文章的核心内容，提高阅读效率和理解能力。

一、通读全文，把握整体当我们拿到一篇文章时，首先要进行快速通读。

在这个过程中，不要过于纠结细节，而是要对文章有一个大致的印象。

注意文章的标题、开头和结尾，这些部分往往能够提供关于主旨的重要线索。

比如，一篇题为“论环保的重要性”的文章，从标题就能初步判断出主旨与环境保护相关。

开头可能会介绍当前环境面临的严峻形势，结尾则可能会提出一些呼吁或者展望。

通过这样的快速浏览，我们能够在脑海中构建一个初步的框架。

二、抓住关键语句在阅读过程中，要留意一些关键语句，它们通常能够直接或间接地揭示文章的主旨。

中心句往往能够明确表达作者的核心观点。

例如，“诚信是做人之本，一个人若失去了诚信，就失去了在社会立足的根基。

”这句话就清晰地指出了诚信在做人方面的重要性。

段落的开头或结尾句也可能具有总结性或引导性。

有些作者会在段落开头点明该段的主要内容，或者在结尾进行总结归纳。

此外，文中反复出现的词语或句子也值得关注。

它们可能是作者想要强调的重点，与文章的主旨紧密相关。

三、分析文章结构了解文章的结构有助于我们更好地理解其内容。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总等。

总分总结构是先提出总的观点，然后分别进行论述，最后再总结升华。

比如，先提出“友谊是人生中最宝贵的财富”这一观点，接着分别从友谊带来的快乐、支持和成长等方面进行阐述，最后总结强调珍惜友谊的重要性。

总分结构则是先提出观点，然后围绕观点展开详细的论述。

分总结构则相反，先分别论述，最后得出总的结论。

通过分析结构，我们能够清晰地看到文章的层次和逻辑关系，从而更好地理解作者的思路。

四、思考作者的写作目的理解作者为什么要写这篇文章，有助于把握主旨。

阅读理解-认识总分总结构

第四專題認識總分總結構分總結構是文章經常運用の一種段落結構,即總起——分述——總結。

總起句一般是在第一自然段用一句簡練の話概括文章內容;分述部分是圍繞總起句展開の,一般都是並列地從幾方面表述總起句の內容; 總句一般放在文章結尾部分,對文章進行總結、深化、補充或完善。

例文賞析：還魂草彭萬洲①大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它還魂草。

②走進密密の槲櫪樹林,溫潤の沃土上鋪著一疊厚厚の落葉,從葉縫間篩下の光斑,在落葉上,像圓圓の郵戳,我們扒開落葉,便會在青青の苔蘚上找到還魂草。

它の大小和我們の手掌差不多,莖細如絲,葉子像一片片花瓣,整個草葉看上去就像盛開の花兒。

我們輕輕地拔起它,小心地抖去根部の泥沙,採集多了,帶回家,晾乾後收藏起來。

老人拿它當茶喝,能明目強身;我們拿它當書簽,送給好朋友。

③還魂草真能還魂嗎?你看,每當我們看書累了,把還魂草從書頁中取出,放進盛滿清水の杯中,立刻,幹細の莖徐徐伸直,乾枯の葉片緩緩伸開,顏色又顯得那麼嫩綠,那麼鮮活。

還魂草の生命力就是這麼旺盛!④我喜歡普通又神奇の還魂草。

1.請你認真閱讀短文,然後完成下麵の填空。

短文主要向我們介紹了( ),共( )個自然段。

第①自然段告訴我們大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它( ）第②自然段共( )句話,分別向我們介紹了還魂草の（ )( )( ）。

第③自然段共( )句話,介紹了還魂草の( )特點。

第④自然段一句話,直接表達了作者の感情——我( )還魂草。

2.現在你能看出②③自然段和前後兩個自然段之間有什麼聯繫嗎?3.還魂草の神奇表現在什麼地方,用“”畫出來。

自己來挑戰：最後一棟房①一個人應該如何對待自己の學習和工作?我們不妨看看下麵這篇小事。

②一位上了年紀の木匠準備退休了,他告訴雇主:“我不想再蓋房子了,想和我の老伴過一種更加悠閒の生活,雖然很留戀那份報酬,但我該退休了。

”雇主看到他の好工人要走覺得非常惋惜,於是就問他能不能再建一棟房子。

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件

阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件在学习语文的过程中，阅读理解是一项重要的能力。

而要做好阅读理解题目，对文章结构的分析是关键。

本课件将带您深入了解阅读理解题目中结构分析的方法和技巧。

一、什么是文章结构文章结构，简单来说，就是作者组织和安排材料的方式。

就像盖房子，我们需要先设计好框架，然后再往里填充砖头、水泥等材料。

文章也是如此，作者需要先构思好结构，再把内容填充进去，使文章条理清晰、层次分明。

常见的文章结构有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。

总分总结构是先总述观点或主题，然后分别从不同方面进行阐述，最后再总结归纳；总分结构则是先提出总的观点或主题，然后进行具体的阐述；分总结构则是先分别阐述，最后总结得出总的观点或主题。

二、为什么要分析文章结构分析文章结构有助于我们更好地理解文章的内容和作者的意图。

通过了解文章的结构，我们能够迅速把握文章的重点和脉络，提高阅读效率。

比如，在总分总结构的文章中，我们知道开头的总述部分往往包含了文章的核心观点，而中间的分述部分则是对核心观点的具体解释和论证。

这样，我们在阅读时就能有针对性地关注重点内容，快速抓住文章的主旨。

此外，分析文章结构对于回答阅读理解题目也非常有帮助。

很多题目都会涉及到对文章结构的考查，比如要求找出文章的中心句、划分段落层次、概括段落大意等。

只有掌握了文章结构的分析方法，我们才能准确地回答这些问题。

三、如何分析文章结构1、关注文章的开头和结尾文章的开头往往会引出主题或提出问题，结尾则通常会总结观点或得出结论。

因此，仔细阅读开头和结尾，有助于我们快速了解文章的大致内容和结构。

例如，一篇文章的开头写道：“春天是一个充满生机和希望的季节。

”那么我们可以初步判断这篇文章可能是围绕春天的特点和意义来展开的。

2、寻找标志性的语句有些文章中会有一些标志性的语句，如“首先”“其次”“最后”“综上所述”等，这些语句可以帮助我们划分文章的段落层次，明确作者的写作思路。

比如，文中出现“首先，春天的景色美不胜收；其次，春天给人们带来了新的希望；最后，春天是万物复苏的季节。

六年级阅读理解答题公式

六年级阅读理解答题公式一、概括文章主要内容。

1. 题目：请概括这篇文章的主要内容。

解析：- 公式：谁 + 做什么（包括起因、经过、结果） + 结果如何（表达了什么情感/主旨）。

- 在这篇文章中，“谁”是作者，“做什么”是描绘故乡秋天的景色和人们的活动，“结果如何”是表达了对故乡秋天的喜爱与怀念之情。

所以概括为：作者描绘了故乡秋天的景色和人们的活动，表达了对故乡秋天的喜爱与怀念之情。

2. 题目：概括短文的主要内容。

解析：- 公式：主要人物 + 事件（多个事件概括叙述） + 人物品质/情感。

- 这里的主要人物是小明，事件是大扫除时认真负责、帮助同学，平时学习上乐于助人，人物品质是热心。

概括为：我的小伙伴小明在大扫除时认真负责、帮助同学，平时学习上也乐于助人，他是一个热心的人。

二、理解词语含义。

3. 题目：文中“不假思索”这个词是什么意思？请联系上下文解释。

文章：在课堂上，老师提问了一个问题，小明不假思索地举起了手，然后流畅地回答出了正确答案。

解析：- 公式：本义 + 文中义。

- “不假思索”的本义是用不着想，形容说话做事迅速。

在文中是指小明在老师提问后，没有经过思考就迅速地举手回答问题，表现出他对知识的熟练掌握和自信。

4. 题目：解释“饱经风霜”在文中的含义。

文章：那位老人的脸上布满了皱纹，眼神中透着饱经风霜的沧桑，他一生经历了无数的苦难，战争、饥荒都没有打倒他。

解析：- 公式：本义 + 结合描写对象特点的文中义。

- “饱经风霜”本义是经历过许多艰难困苦。

在文中用来形容老人，结合文中老人一生经历战争、饥荒等无数苦难，这个词在文中的含义是老人经历了许多艰难困苦，脸上和眼神中都呈现出历经磨难后的沧桑感。

三、理解句子含义。

5. 题目：如何理解“书籍是人类进步的阶梯”这句话的含义？解析：- 公式：从字面意义 + 深层意义（对人的影响、与主旨的关系等）。

- 字面意义是书籍就像阶梯一样，是一种工具。

深层意义是书籍能够承载知识和智慧，人们通过阅读书籍获取知识、提升思想境界，从而不断进步，它强调了书籍在人类发展和个人成长过程中的重要性，是推动人类不断向更高层次发展的重要因素。

小学阅读理解系列课：概括主要内容

（三）在许多国家的企业看来，污水处理是一种成本负担，要能拖就拖，能瞒就瞒。但对于德国的企业来说，处理污水却并不意味着增加成本负担，反而是一种能够收取回报的产业投资。
归纳选文的主要内容：许多国家的企业把污水处理当成负担，而德国企业却把它当作产业投资。
（四）文竹是“文雅之竹”的意思。其实它不是竹，只因其叶片轻柔，常年翠绿，枝干有节似竹，且姿态文雅潇洒，故名文竹。它的叶状枝纤细秀丽，密生如羽毛状，翠云层层，株形优雅，独具风韵，深受人们的喜爱，是有名的室内观叶花卉。文竹不但可以提高文化修养,而且可以对肝脏有病，精神抑郁,情绪低落者有一定的调节作用。文竹，在夜间除了能吸收二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氯气等有害气体外，还能分泌出杀灭细菌的气体，减少感冒、伤寒、喉头炎等传染病的发生，对人体的健康是大有好处的。
归纳选文的主要内容：文竹像竹不是竹，它的叶状美观，不仅可以提高文化修养，还对身体有好处。
（五）丁香的花小如丁，数不清的小花汇到一起，一簇簇、一片片的。那花紫中带白，白中映粉，远远望去，花如云，花如霞。这情景给寒冬里走过来的人以张力，以热情，以想象。丁香，花香袭人，在花草中，它的香气最为浓郁；倘若你漫步街头，往往是还没有看见花，香气已冲入鼻中。一代代的哈尔滨人就是在这沁人心脾的芬芳中梦想自己的未来。丁香在我国有1000多年的栽培历史，它给中国的花文化平添了无限秀色。历代的文人墨客，又为丁香留下了许多名句：“五月丁香开满城，芬芳流荡紫云藤。”李商隐则用“芭蕉不展丁香洁，同向春风各自愁”的诗句，描述情人的思恋之心。丁香花的生命力十分顽强，绽放在北方寒冷的气候中，深得哈尔滨人的宠爱。哈尔滨人对丁香的深情，更在于丁香的品格凝聚了塞北人独特的精神风貌，她聚小而成大气，抗艰难而争上游，（坚艰）韧、顽强，生机勃勃。正因为如此，哈尔滨人把丁香作为自己的市花。

北京高考英语阅读理解--文章结构总分总

阅读专题一：文章结构之总分总结构2017朝阳期末CBrilliant Autumn ColorsAs trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.Dr. Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae (幼虫) come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.Dr. Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution (进化) of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out there.A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time the leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are gone,” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost (冰冻) injury —in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction to the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be weakened and the leaves will break off.Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said. “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are.”63. According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between ______.A. the size of leaves and the survival of insectsB. the size of leaves and the behavior of insectsC. the color of leaves and the quality of insectsD. the color of leaves and the number of insects64. Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that ______.A. climate has an influence on the color of the leavesB. sun damage and frost injury drive the insects awayC. the color of autumn leaves has a protective functionD. autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves65. The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. catchB. attractC. ignoreD. prevent66. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A ．B ．C DCP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion DCDBP Sp Sp C P C P C Sp Sp C P P C CP P P C S C S S P SRole-Playing in Child DevelopmentPlaying is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing. This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person. Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out a story. These activities enable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able to organize others and to give directions. Children’s social skills can also be developed. When engaged in group activities, children have different roles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about coo peration and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimes children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate(模仿)real-life situations. They might dress up and assume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.67. From the author’s description in Paragraph 4, we learn that children often .A. involve daily-life activities in groupsB. act out the activities that their parents doC. perform daily tasks instead of their parentsD. change real-life situation when role-playing68. The author believes that role-playing may help children .A. develop a better awareness of grammarB. receive benefits from their emotional painC. improve creativity by using their imaginationsD. understand how to be both leaders and followers69. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A. ignoreB. confirmC. overcomeD. predict70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A B C DI: Introduction P:Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBDCABenefits of Cross-Country SkiingCross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits .The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross- country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing. The average best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic-17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way.Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles as a means of propulsion, the force that drives skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength.Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists indicating that regular physical activity increases the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.Cross-country skiing is a great way to work the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!63. The underlined word “workout” means_______.A. mannerB. exerciseC. applicationD. opportunity64. According to the passage, we can learn that cross-country skiing ______.A. requires the use of most muscle groupsB. offers students a unique way to keep fitC. can increase the athletes’ resting heart ratesD. can balance out the skiers’ increased calories65. How does the author prove the benefits of skiing in the fifth paragraph?A. By making comments.B. By giving examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By giving explanations.66．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A B C DCP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBADC 2012朝阳二模CWhy texting harms your IQThe regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improve d stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and chan ging their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”63. We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.A. has a positive influence on one’s IQB. results in the change of part of the brainC. lies in the problem of lack of concentrationD. is caused by too much use of modern technology64. The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.A. the important function of advanced technologyB. the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habitsC. the relevance between IQ and use of modern technologyD. the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness65. The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.A. examined carefullyB. copied patientlyC. corrected quicklyD. admitted freely66. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionDCAB2012朝阳期末CRetirement AgeRetirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to implement company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．Allowing old people to work indefinitely （无限地）, however, is not always a good policy．Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability．Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives．Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization．On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure．They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．63．According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.A．they will help the business not to fail quicklyB．they have grasped much practical experienceC．they need to have a sense of achievementD．they want to learn more knowledge64．The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".A．take overB．work onC．get rid ofD．carry out65．The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that ______．A．older people can' t do their work wellB．young people usually have new ideasC．it is better for older people to retire on timeD．older people would like to do something else66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?BDCA2013朝阳二模CIt often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position. In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview.There are many arguments about the interview as a selection procedure. The main argument against it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate, but the one who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidate’s likely performance. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.Those in favour of the interview insist that the well-structured procedure is valid in assessing a candidate’s ability, an essential guarantee for the future job. They also argue that an employer is concerned not only with a candidate’s ability, but with the suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary so long as she has a pleasant personality. Perhaps the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability.Today, interview is still the key section of the entire selection procedure, though different employers have different standards for competence. Generally speaking, candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful; direct and straight-forward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt.63.We can infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretary’s occasional mistakes if the latter is _____.A. directB. shyC. cheerfulD. competent64.What is the author’s attitude towards the interview as a selection proced ure?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Unconcerned.65.The last paragraph indicates _____.A. a link between success in interview and personalityB. connections between work abilities and personalityC. differences in interview experienceD. differences in personal behaviour66.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionCCAB2011朝阳二模CNuclear energy is a controversial topic．There has been widespread public debate over it．It seems that the nuclear energy is either a gigantic disaster waiting to happen or the all-powerful way of the future.It is often believed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society with a huge demand for commercial products of all kinds. Besides, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase assumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe nuclear energy provides an endless and economical source of power and that it is therefore fundamental for an industrially developing society. Among other advantages is that nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents a great step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel.However, opponents(people who oppose something)of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct danger not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Environmentalists argue in the long run nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Furthermore, it is questionable whether nuclear power is a cheap source of energy when everything is considered. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium（铀）in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market.In spite of the case against nuclear energy above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding, which assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments in both sides, it seems that there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.63．What’s the writer’s attitude towa rd nuclear energy?A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Tolerant. D．Apprectiative.64．According to the opponents, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?A．Primitive. B．Endless C．Cheap. D．Unsafe.65．Some people believe that nuclear energy is the most important because .A．nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few staff.B．it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society.C．it represents a huge step forward in our scientific evolution..D．it provides a perfect way out to increase employment66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点）C: ConclusionBDBA2011海淀期末DThe Celebration ExperimentIn the 1960s, Walt Disney pictured in the mind a future utopian city with underground roads and a climate-controlled round roof. The real community of Celebration, Florida, built in 1999, applies the social and environmental goals of both Disney and the New Urbanism movement.Disney and the New Urbanism have imagined communities that promote social and local communication. Celebration has a central Market Street district to reduce traffic and encourage social contacts. The idea is that if the downtown area is neatly and closely ranked, people will walk and meet their neighbors. Downtown events like art festivals also bring citizens together. Narrow, tree-lined streets are “traffic calm”—with slower speed limits—to encourage bicycling and walking.Moreover, housing in Celebration includes both single- and multi-family houses that encourages socialization. Apartment buildings are located close to downtown, and houses are built close together with small yards. They feature entrance halls to encourage citizens to socialize.“Many aspects of that kind of design are really aimed at maximizing social communication between citizens, not just on the streets but also in community institutions that are very much a part of public life there,” says Andrew Ross, a New York University professor who lived in Celebration for one year.Utopian communities such as Celebration are also designed with environmental protection in mind. The town itself is built on 4,900 acres surrounded by a 4,700 acre protected greenbelt. The greenbelt parks, and common areas accommodate native wildlife and animals.High-rise office and apartment buildings provide close office and living space in a small geographic area in order to reduce urban sprawl, the spread of today’s cities onto nat ure areas. Buildings also minimize environmental influence by using cooling and electric systems with insulated（绝缘的;隔热的）glass, cooling towers, and energy-saving lamps.“The town more or less borrows very heavily from New Urbanist principles … to create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than vehicles,” Ross said.67. Celebration mentioned in the passage is a __________.A. city offering living spacesB. community promoting socializationC. special occasion in the marketD. downtown area with high buildings68. The purpose of holding Art festivals mentioned in Paragraph 2 is to __________.A. exhibit art worksB. attract artists for profitsC. encourage communicationD. reduce downtown traffic69. The underlined word “sprawl” in Paragraph 6 may be replaced by “ ________”.A. expansionB. organizationC. restrictionD. exploration70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point(次要点) C: ConclusionBCABThere is a boy called Bill in my gym class who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant．Recently another boy told Bill that he should "go Ajax" his teeth．Bill was crushed．If the other boy had been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation．He could have dealt with it with tact．He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that's "tact"．If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful．Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set．Unfortunately, he used furniture polish, which produced an oily film on the television screen．My mother smiled arid thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly．Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect．Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact．"Tactfulness" also requires "truthfulness"．Doctors, for example must be truthful．If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity．The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available．Doctors must use tact with patients' relatives as well．Instead of bluntly saying, "Your husband is disabled," a doctor might say, "I'm sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and．．．"Tact should not be confused with trickery．Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection（注射）and says, "This won't hurt a bit．" Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it．It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits．Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected．Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in．68．The underlined word "crushed" in the first paragraph probably means____．A．surprisedB．cheatedC．regretfulD．painful69．According to the author, his mother's praise for the brother is ____．A．sensitive and tactfulB．sensitive but not tactful enoughC．truthful but not tactful enoughD．sensitive but trickish70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?（The numbers stand for the paragraphs）CDBCThe Loss of InnocenceInnocence is such a precious gift. It’s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind. Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards the racial differences of others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a good job in life, or provide income for their families, which would hurt the lives of children.The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods.Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps inn ocence was meant to be lost. It was god’s will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything.All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.63.The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _______.A. avoidedB. condemnedC. acceptedD. encouraged64. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _______.A. proper education would be providedB. there would be no racial discriminationC. more happy families would be guaranteedD. people would realize their childhood dreams65. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _____.A. motivational willB. mental abilityC. adventurous ambitionsD. needed goodsP: Point 次要点CBAA。

三年级理解文章结构技巧课件

三年级理解文章结构技巧课件一、导入同学们，在我们阅读一篇文章的时候，是不是有时候会觉得有些混乱，不太清楚作者到底想说什么？其实呀，这是因为我们还没有掌握理解文章结构的技巧。

今天，老师就来和大家一起学习如何理解文章结构，让我们能更轻松地读懂文章。

二、什么是文章结构文章结构就像是一座房子的框架，它把文章的各个部分组织起来，使文章有条有理。

简单来说，文章结构就是作者安排材料、组织内容的方式。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总这几种。

总分总结构呢，就是先总的概括，然后分别详细叙述，最后再总结；总分结构是先总述，然后分别展开；分总结构则是先分别叙述，最后总结。

三、如何判断文章结构（一）找关键语句很多文章都会在开头或者结尾有一些关键的语句，能够帮助我们判断文章的结构。

比如，开头说“今天我要给大家介绍三件有趣的事情”，那很可能就是总分的结构。

（二）分析段落内容我们可以看看每个段落讲的是什么，如果前面几个段落都是在分别讲述不同的内容，最后一个段落进行总结，那可能就是分总结构。

（三）注意过渡段落有些文章会有过渡段落，比如“以上讲了……接下来……”这样的语句，也能帮助我们判断文章结构。

四、不同结构的特点及示例（一）总分总结构1、特点开头提出观点，中间详细阐述，结尾再次强调观点，给人一种完整、清晰的感觉。

2、示例《美丽的校园》开头：我们的校园是一个美丽的地方。

中间：分别从校园的建筑、花草树木、同学们的活动等方面详细描述校园的美丽。

结尾：这就是我们美丽的校园，我爱我们的校园。

（二）总分结构1、特点先总体介绍，然后分别展开叙述，重点在分述部分。

2、示例《我的课余生活》开头：我的课余生活丰富多彩。

中间：分别讲述自己读书、画画、做运动等课余活动。

（三）分总结构1、特点先分别叙述不同的方面，最后总结归纳。

2、示例《四季之美》分别描述了春、夏、秋、冬四季的美景，最后总结：四季之美，各有不同，都让人心醉。

五、练习巩固接下来，我们通过一些小练习来巩固一下所学的知识。

理解文章的主旨与结构技巧

理解文章的主旨与结构技巧在我们日常的阅读和学习中，理解文章的主旨与结构是一项至关重要的能力。

它不仅能帮助我们更高效地获取信息，还能让我们深入领会作者的意图和思想，从而更好地与文字进行交流和互动。

那么，什么是文章的主旨呢？简单来说，主旨就是作者通过文章想要表达的核心观点或主要思想。

它是文章的灵魂所在，贯穿于整篇文章的始终。

而文章的结构，则是作者为了清晰、有条理地表达主旨而采用的组织形式。

就好像建造房屋，主旨是房屋的设计理念，结构则是支撑房屋的框架。

要理解文章的主旨，首先需要我们仔细阅读文章的标题。

很多时候，标题就能给我们提供一个关于主旨的初步线索。

比如，一篇题为《健康生活的秘诀》的文章，其主旨很可能就是探讨如何过上健康的生活。

接下来，我们要关注文章的开头和结尾。

开头部分常常会引出主题，为后面的论述奠定基础；结尾则往往会对全文进行总结，再次强调主旨。

同时，文中的关键语句也是我们理解主旨的重要依据。

这些关键语句可能是作者明确表达观点的句子，也可能是反复出现的重要概念或词汇。

在理解文章结构方面，常见的结构类型有总分总、总分、分总等。

总分总结构就是先提出总的观点，然后分别进行论述，最后再总结归纳；总分结构则是先提出观点，然后展开具体的阐述；分总结构则是先分别论述，最后得出总的结论。

了解这些结构类型，有助于我们快速把握文章的脉络。

以一篇议论文为例，作者通常会在开头提出论点，这就是文章的主旨。

然后通过列举事实、引用数据、进行推理等方式来论证自己的观点，这就是文章的主体部分。

在论证过程中，作者可能会采用对比、类比等手法，使自己的论证更有说服力。

最后，作者会在结尾处对论点进行再次强调和升华。

对于记叙文来说，其结构可能会围绕时间顺序、空间顺序或者事情发展的先后顺序来展开。

我们通过关注这些顺序，就能更好地理解故事的情节和作者想要传达的情感。

除了文体的差异，文章的篇幅长短也会影响其结构。

短篇文章可能结构相对简单，主旨也比较直接明了；而长篇文章则可能会有更复杂的结构和多层次的主旨。

理解文章结构与内容的技巧

理解文章结构与内容的技巧在我们的学习和日常生活中，阅读各种文章是必不可少的。

然而，要真正理解一篇文章，不仅仅是读懂字面上的意思，更关键的是要把握其结构和内容。

掌握理解文章结构与内容的技巧，能够帮助我们更高效地获取信息、深入思考，并提升我们的阅读和理解能力。

首先，在开始阅读一篇文章之前，我们可以先浏览一下标题、副标题、目录、段落标题以及文章的开头和结尾。

通过这些部分，我们往往能够对文章的主题和大致框架有一个初步的认识。

比如，标题“论人工智能对未来社会的影响”就直接告诉我们文章的核心话题是关于人工智能及其对社会的作用。

当我们正式阅读文章时，要特别留意段落的开头和结尾。

通常，段落的开头会提出该段的主要观点，而结尾则可能是对观点的总结或者是与下一段的过渡。

比如，如果一段开头说“首先，人工智能在医疗领域的应用带来了显著的变革”，那么接下来很可能就是阐述具体的变革内容。

对于文章的结构，常见的有总分总、总分、分总等形式。

总分总结构的文章，开头会提出总的观点，中间分别进行详细的论述和说明，最后再总结升华；总分结构则是先提出观点，然后展开论述；分总结构则是先分别阐述，最后得出总结性的结论。

了解这些常见的结构模式，有助于我们在阅读时快速理清思路。

此外，注意文章中的连接词和过渡句也是十分重要的。

比如“然而”“但是”“另一方面”“综上所述”等等。

“然而”通常表示转折，意味着后面的内容可能与前面的观点有所不同；“另一方面”则提示我们要从另一个角度来思考问题；“综上所述”则往往是对前文的归纳总结。

在理解文章内容方面，我们要学会抓关键词和关键句。

关键词往往能够体现文章的核心概念，而关键句则可能是作者的主要观点或者重要结论。

比如，在一篇关于环境保护的文章中，“可持续发展”“生态平衡”等可能就是关键词；“只有实现可持续发展，才能真正保护我们的地球家园”这样的句子很可能就是关键句。

为了更深入地理解文章，我们还可以进行提问和思考。

比如，作者为什么会提出这样的观点？有哪些证据支持这些观点？文中所提到的方法是否可行？通过不断地提问和思考，我们能够与文章进行互动，从而更好地理解其内涵。

三年级理解文章结构技巧

三年级理解文章结构技巧对于三年级的小朋友们来说，理解文章结构是阅读和写作中非常重要的一项技能。

就像我们盖房子需要先有一个框架一样，文章也有它自己的框架和结构。

掌握了这个，小朋友们就能更好地读懂别人的文章，也能写出更有条理的作文。

那什么是文章结构呢？简单来说，文章结构就是作者组织材料、表达观点的方式。

比如说，一篇记叙文可能会按照事情发展的先后顺序来写，先发生什么，接着发生什么，最后怎么样了；而一篇说明文可能会按照总分总的结构，先总体介绍，然后分别详细说明，最后再总结一下。

常见的文章结构有总分总、总分、分总这几种。

总分总结构是很多文章都会采用的，开头先总的说一说，中间详细展开，最后再总结归纳。

总分结构呢，就是开头先概括，然后后面都是具体的内容。

分总结构则是先分别讲各种情况，最后再进行总结。

要理解文章结构，首先得学会找关键句。

关键句就像是文章中的小灯塔，能给我们指引方向。

比如在总分总结构的文章里，开头的总起句往往能告诉我们这篇文章大概要说什么。

而结尾的总结句，则会把前面说的内容再提炼一下，让我们更清楚作者的主要意思。

举个例子，如果有一篇文章叫《美丽的校园》，开头可能会说：“我们的校园是一个美丽的地方。

”这就是总起句啦，让我们知道接下来文章要讲校园的美。

然后中间可能会分别描述校园的花草树木、教学楼、操场等等。

最后结尾可能会说：“这就是我们美丽的校园，我爱它！”这就是总结句。

除了找关键句，注意段落之间的过渡也很重要。

过渡就像是桥梁，把一个个段落连接起来，让文章更通顺。

比如说“不仅如此”“另外”“接下来”这些词，往往就是在告诉我们要进入新的内容了。

在阅读的时候，小朋友们可以一边读一边在心里问问自己：这篇文章是按照什么顺序写的？作者先写了什么，后写了什么？这样能帮助大家更好地理解文章的结构。

那理解了文章结构对小朋友们有什么用呢？用处可大啦！在阅读的时候，能让我们更快地抓住文章的重点，理解作者的意思。

而且，在写作文的时候，我们也能把自己的想法更有条理地表达出来。