中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年10月
中石油托福——题型与做题技巧
托福场景
8、教师场景 (evaluation,extenssions) 9、学生业余生活场景(see
movies,voctions,picnics,matches, racs, clubs) 10、国外生活常见场景(ask directions,in the airport, make calls, hair cut, repair shopping, pets, gifts) 11、体育运动场景(games, work out, in good shape, improved) 12、生病（看病）场景 sick but not to see a doc, appointment,... 13、天气场景( clothes, mood, wishes 14、工作场景(CV,dress, 15、同学（同屋）社交、相处场景(study in the dorm,share room,noise
阅读题型---1.主旨题
(Main idea/main topic/main purpose) 10%,
What is the main idea of the passage? The primary idea of the passage is … Which of the following best summarizes the author’s
– What is the relation of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? – What will the passage probably continue to discuss? – What is probably discussed in the preceding
做题口诀2
• 指代题最熟练，就近原则来试探， • 抓住主宾再来看，对应关系最关键。 • 词汇题比较难，离开文章无法选， • 找到句子上下看，一般都会有破绽。 • 推理题容易错，文中的原词都放过 • 撇开文章你别做，答案换个说法做。 • 段落组织不用愁，看不见的看两头， • 看得见的看中间，关键词句会出现。
中国石油考试中心老托福试题及答案
0310托福真题0310听力1A She is younger than her sister .B she does not spend much time with her sister’s children.C she does not get along well with her sisterD she no longer resembles her sister.2A Paper plates are cheaper than dishes.B Dishes break more easily than paper plates.C There is no need to wash any dishes now.D The woman’s roommate will return soon.3A She has not applied to any universities yet,B She will begin university classes in a few weeks.C She does not know yet if a university will accept her.D She is too busy to contact the university right now.4A Reconsider his position laterB Allow the student to miss classC Lower the student’s gradeD Suggest that the student try to reschedule the operation5A He does not have enough money for the trip yet.B He is planning to work during spring break .C The trip is too far off in the future to think about.D He has changed his mind about going to Canada.6A The photograph is not good enough to send.B The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.C They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.D Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.7A She should have asked to be excused from the trip.B She deserves the zero.C She is right to be angry.D She should have gone on the field trip.8A He wants to live off campus.B There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.C Living space in the dorm is crowded.D There are only a few apartments available off campus.9A Turn down the volume of the musicB Turn the music offC Play a different style of music.D Listen to music in a different room.10A It took a long time to finish the building.B He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.C He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.D He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday.11A Go to her class.B Cancel her appointment with the president.C Ask her professor to excuse her from class.D Attend the presentation.12A She admires Steve’s relationsh ip with his father.B She does not know Steve or his father.C Her daughter is older than Steve.D She disagrees with the man.13A He has heard the new CD.B He does not enjoy classical music.C He is not interested in the CD.D He rarely listens to music.14A Buy tickets for the next showing.B Leave the theaterC Change their seats for a better viewD Ask the couple in front of them to be quiet15A The library closes earlier during the summer.B The library is closed during summer vacation.C The library will be open until midnight tonight.D She does not usually go to the library during the summer.16A She is sorry the man has to cancel the plansB She wants to hand in her report early.C She would like to go with the man.D she does not usually enjoy the symphony.17A He has other plans for the eveningB He is looking forward to attending the party.C He often misses Linda’s parties.D he wants to know if he should bring anything to the party.18A There is just about enough time to do the jobB The desk has never been so orderly.C The clock on the desk needs to be set.D The desk really needs organizing.19A He enjoys looking at the flowers.B He thinks the park is boring.C He does not like walking with the woman.D He does not see any trees.20A There are not very many hotels in the area.B She stayed at the Clover Inn last month.C She is not sure the man’s parents would like the Clover Inn.D It may be too late to get a room at the Clover Inn.21A Wait until later to eatB Go to the cafeteria without herC Bring her some food from the cafeteriaD Meet her at the cafeteria22A He has to work with his brother .B He has no definite plans.C He usually works on weekends.D His plants depend on the woman.23A Buy stamps at the post officeB Mail the woman’s billC Drive to the woman’s houseD Pick up a package from the post office24A The woman should call Bill to check his schedule.B The woman should have left for the airport earlier.C The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill .D Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival.25A She did better on the quiz than the man did.B She did not have to take the quiz.C She has not yet received her grade on the quiz.D She did not do well on the quiz.26A He will be happy to share their dessertB He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.C He expected the traffic to be bad.D He is not upset that they ate lunch.27A She has to quit her job in the laboratory.B She cut herself while working in the laboratory.C She enjoys doing laboratory experiments.D She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too.28A Ask for directionsB Try a different route to the beachC Go back for the mapD Cancel their trip29A He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting.B He will meet the woman briefly on FridayC The report will not be ready until Thursday.D The report was finished last Friday.30A Find out when the bookstore opensB Withdraw some cashC Inquire about a jobD Spend her extra money on books31A Ways to determine the age of a fossilB The identity of a fossil the woman foundC A comparison of two shellfish fossilsD Plans for a field trip to look for fossils32A The class is going to study them .B They evolved from brachiopods.C They are similar to brachiopods in appearance.D They belong to the same species as brachiopods.33A It has a ribbed shell.B It has an unusually large valve.C It was found near the water.D It is smaller than a mollusc.34A He has never seen a fossil that old.B It could be many millions of years old.C It is probably a recent specimen.D He will ask the lab how old it is.35A Take it to classB Put it in her collectionC Take it to the labD Leave it with her professor36A A jewelry store robberyB Buying a birthday presentC Writing a storyD Doing research for a class assignment37A Her professor did not like her story .B She had trouble finishing her assignmentC she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D She was taking too many courses,38A Take some extra timeB Do a writing exerciseC Do some work for another courseD Write the story ending first39A To go shoppingB To do research for her storyC To meet with her professorD To take a break from her work40A To describe ways pests can damage plantsB To examine the life cycle of caterpillarsC To explain how corn plants developD To describe how a natural pesticide works41A Caterpillars chewing on its leavesB Wasps laying eggs on its leavesC Pesticides sprayed on its leavesD Knives cutting its stalk42A By flying in circles around a fieldB By detecting a chemical signalC By inspecting individual corn leavesD By noticing the caterpillar’s coloration43A Recently discovered manuscriptsB Similarities among religionsC Methods of analyzing ancient manuscriptsD How ancient manuscripts are preserved44A The simplicity of their languageB Their ageC The location of their discoveryD The material they are made of45A Orally preserved teachingsB A collection of lettersC A diaryD A scholarly article46A Ancient settlers in AsiaB How Buddhism is practiced todayC The spread of Buddhism in AsiaD Why some languages disappear47A The language they are written in is not widely known.B They cannot be moved from where they were foundC The writing in them has fadedD Many people want credit for the discovery.48A The advantages of an economy based on farmingB Reasons farmers continued using river transportationC The role of cotton in the United States economyD Improved methods of transporting farm crops49A The new technology used to build roadsB The ability to transport goods over landC The trade in grain and cottonD The linking of smaller local roads into one long road50A Reduced charges for transporting farm productsB Required payment from vehicles that used their roadsC Made repairs to older roadsD Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities10月语法1.The musical comedy Oklahoma!did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt......(a)original themes(b)to original themes(c)that were original themes(d)how original themes2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.(a)an animal breathes air that(b)an animal that breathes air(c)an animal breathes air(d)that an animal breathes air3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.(a)is the largest(b)the largest(c)that is the largest(d)the largest that is a4.It is said that United Stales literature......individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.(a)was achieved(b)achieved(c)to achieve(d)achieving5.Lucy Stone ,......first feminists in the United States ,helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.(a)the one(b)who was the(c)another(d)one of the6.......,including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.(a)Depending on many factors(b)Many factors depending on(c)Factors depending on many(d)On many factors depending(7)Duke Ellington's orchestra ,......his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.(a)he played(b)playing(c)that it played(d)was playing(8)The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface......(a)as is today(b)than today is(c)than they do today(d)that today(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly from services that the government could provide.(a)property owners benefited so that(b)why property owners benefited(c)that if property owners benefited(d)that property owners benefited(10)Helium is not flammable and ,next to hydrogen ,is......(a)known the lightest gas(b)lightest the known gas(c)the lightest gas known(d)the known gas lightest(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.(a)live(b)to live(c)they live(d)their living(12)Portland,......,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.(a)which Maine's largest city(b)Maine's largest city where(c)is Maine's largest city(d)Maine's largest city13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.(a)Despite(b)Whether(c)Though(d)Except for14.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered......in the nineteenth century.(a)them as microcosm of living organisms(b)the microcosm of living organisms(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large ,gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.(a)it is mostly(b)mostly(c)almost(d)both are almost16．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt ,sour cream ,and vinegar.17.Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.18.Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.19.Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls ,which allowing for further growth.20.T.S.Elot,who a poet ,playwright, literary critic ,and editor ,was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost th e entire boundary western of North and South America.22．Established in 1948 ,the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature ,records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given ,neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting ,for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.29.Today,fifty years after its construction ,the Alaska Highway conveys40,000 vehicles in normal year.30.Since prehistoric times ,artists (have been) arranged colors on surfaces (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.31.(Few substances)look less (alike than)coal and diamonds ,yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure ,increase cloud cover ,and rising humidity.33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.36.In this world of high technology ,it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.39.The Crow ,Blackfoot ,and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.40.In the late 1800’s ,United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad ,powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.Questions 1-9:Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar system’s(5)most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forcesgenerated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel aroundJupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat (15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after V oyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a(20 )vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have been liquid right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior(B)Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons(C)Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons(D)Techniques used by V oyager 2 to obtain close-up images.2.The word ―intriguing‖ in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A)changing(B)perfect(C)visible(D)fascinating3.In line 7, the another mentions ―cracks in an eggshell‖ in order to help readers(A)visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B)appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from faraway(C)understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D)recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered5. what does the author mean by stating in line 7 that ―this analogy is not far off the mark‖?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of thefollowing?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.7. The word ―endless‖ in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?(A) A long period of extremely high tides(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky coreQuestion 10-19Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples ofthe Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding(5)and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.(10)The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of theMidwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years agoand domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term ―Neolithic‖ isnot used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period(15)elsewhere in the world.Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of thecontinent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there islittle evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticatedfoods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering(20)wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather thanfor food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were allweedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and(25)dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant foodand had detailed knowledge of plants.10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology(C) Their development of agriculture(D) Their distribution of work between men and women11. The word ―these‖ in line 13 refers to(A) seeds(B) river valleys(C) the Midwest and the Southeast(D) experimentation and domestication12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?(A) 7,000 years ago(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago(C) Long after the Neolithic period(D) Before the Archaic period13. The word ―adequate‖ in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) sufficient(B) healthful(C) varied(D) dependable14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation ofplants in eastern North America?(A) Lack of enough wild food sources(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements(C) Provision of work for an increasing population(E)Desire for the consistent availability of food15. T he phrase ―rather than‖ in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A)in addition to(B)instead of(C)as a replacement(D)such as16. The plant ―sumpweed‖ is mentioned in line 25 in order to(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate17. The word ―thrived‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) stayed(B) originated(C) grew well(D) died out18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?(A) They were varieties of weeds.(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plantswere(A) medical workers(B) leaders of ceremonies(C) women(D) huntersQuestions 20-29Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the routeby intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail(5 )pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes.These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants ineither direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use (10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to thesesignals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, (15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone willevaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna intothe vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space.(20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new courseuntil its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and soweaves back and forth down the trail.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones21. The word ―forage‖ in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food22. The word ―intermittently‖ in live 4 is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly23. The phrase ―the one‖ in line 8 refers to a single(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.27. The word ―furnish‖ in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select28. The word ― oscillating ― in line 17 is closest in meaning to。
中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年08月
7. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf ---of the telephone. (A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor (C) the invention (D) as the inventor 8. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary --- associated with the idea of remembrance. (A) and becomes (B) became (C) becoming (D) to become 9. --- that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings with reinforced concrete developed rather rapidly. (A) Dissimilar (B) Different (C) Not likely (D) Unlike 10. Although adult education in the United States began in colonial times, --- chief growth has taken place since the 1920’ s. (A) its (B) so it (C) but its (D) it is 11. Hot objects emit --- do cold objects. (A) rays more than infrared (B) rays are more infrared than (C) more than infrared rays (D) more infrared rays than 12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately --- from Marathon to Athens. (A) the distance is (B) that the distance is (C) is that the distance (D) the distance
中石油模拟托福语法
二 改错做题基本技巧
4
选项ABCD一定要看全，避免落 入考题的陷阱或犯不必要的错误 。在四个选项中选一个最明显的 错误，最好有明确的理由。
2018/11/23
第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
一、主句单一原则 任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句
，做题时考生需要首先判断原题中 已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有 一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出 现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词 进行联系。
2018/11/23
一、填空题基本做题方法
2 简化句子 简化原则： ①副词，冠词，数词可以划掉 ②介词短语（即prep.+n）可以划掉（主句句 首除外） ③作定语（即修饰名词）的adj或分词短语可 以划掉 ④句中作状语的分词短语可以划掉 ⑤与空格无关的句子可以划掉
2018/11/23
第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
四、宾语从句结构 宾语从句这里指出的是填空题中关于宾 语从句考的最多的两个结构:state(陈述 ，表明)+that indicate(指明， 表明)+that
2018/11/23
第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
四、宾语从句结构 语法中常考的后跟that宾语从句的动词： Indicate state demonstrate find estimate show hold insist say tell believe think ,learn mean know 。 有时还会考被动形式，比如：It is estimated that…… 但须注意下列及物动词后that可以省略： Believe think suppose presume say see know hear propose understand be told
中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年01月
1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A)A(B)It is a(C)Although a(D)There is a2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A)such(B)more(C)as(D)than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A)it grows(B)what grows(C)does it grow(D)what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.(A)bridge-building(B)building of bridges(C)building a bridge(D)bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A)Contrary to general belief(B)General belief contrary to(C)Belief contrary to general(D)Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.(A)Barbara Jordan’s campaign being(B)Barbara Jordan campaigned(C)Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D)Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A)are influenced(B)be influenced(C)influencing(D)influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.(A)occurs(B)will occur(C)can occur(D)occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.(A)All lamps early(B)Lamps all early(C)All early lamps(D)Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”1。
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案中石油内部的托福考试CNPC 英语模拟托福考试评分及分级办法一、目的:判断参试人员的英语水平，以便对其进行培训或授与相应的工作。
二、考试方式: 参试人员应参加笔试和口试。
对其口、笔试成绩进行综合评定，确定参试人员的相应级别。
三、笔试: 1、笔试内容:笔试分为三部份。
第一部分为听力，第二部份为文法，第三部份为阅读。
听力部分 50 个小题，文法部分 40 个小题，阅读部分 50 个小题。
2、笔试评分:笔试按托福评分办法进行。
A B C D 3、笔试分级标准: 级 530 以上; 级 480 以上; 级 450 以上; 级 450分以下四、口试: 1、口试小组的组成:口试小组由三名教师组成对参试人员进行口试。
2、口试成绩评分:口试成绩分为四级，即 A、B、C、D。
三名教师各自给出相应的成绩，取平均成绩为该考生的口试成绩。
3、口试成绩评定标准: A 级:对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答准确，能表达自己完整的意念，发音基本正确。
可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
B 级:对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答较正常语速慢，有时表达完整的意念略有困难或不够清楚准确，需教师提问确认，语言不够简洁，但不影响交流。
发音基本正确可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
C 级:能回答教师提出的一般问题，语速较慢，需要较多的提示才能维持对话，表达完整的意念有困难需要教师帮助，语音、语法、表达方面存在很多问题，教师理解经常有困难但无严重的发音障碍。
D 级:能回答最简单的问题，但经常用母语向教师询问或寻求帮助不能表达完整的意念。
语音、语法方面问题很多，需要较长时间的训练才能达到要求。
五、综合评定成绩: 将笔试与口试成绩进行综合评定即为该生的综合评定成绩。
综合评定成绩分为四级，即 A、B、C、D 四级。
托福语法知识总览
托福语法知识总览托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language）是评估非英语为母语的人士的英语语言能力的考试。
其中，语法作为其考试的一个重要组成部分，对于考生来说十分关键。
本文将为大家总览托福语法知识，旨在帮助考生提高对语法的理解和应用。
一、动词时态动词时态在托福考试中经常被考察。
以下是几种常见的时态：1. 一般现在时：表示当前情况或普遍真理。
例如：The sun rises in the east.译文：太阳从东方升起。
2. 过去时：表示已经发生的事情或过去的经历。
例如：I went to the park yesterday.译文：昨天我去了公园。
3. 现在进行时：表示当前正在进行的动作。
例如：They are studying for the exam.译文：他们正在为考试而学习。
4. 一般将来时：表示将来某个时间会发生的事情。
例如：She will travel to Europe next month.译文：她下个月将去欧洲旅行。
二、名词名词是英语语法中的核心部分之一。
这里列举几种常见的名词用法：1. 单数名词：表示一个人、物或概念。
例如：I have a cat.（我有一只猫。
）2. 复数名词：表示多个人、物或概念。
例如：They have two cars.（他们有两辆车。
）3. 不可数名词：表示无法分为单个单位的物质或抽象概念。
例如：I need some advice.（我需要一些建议。
）4. 可数/不可数名词的区分：可数名词与不可数名词之间的区分在很多情况下会影响到名词前面的冠词和数量词的使用。
例如：I ate an apple.（我吃了一个苹果。
）I drank some water.（我喝了一些水。
）三、代词代词在托福考试中也是一个常见的考点。
以下是几种重要的代词：1. 主格代词：用于主语的位置。
例如：He is my friend.（他是我的朋友。
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案第一篇：中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案中石油内部的托福考试CNPC英语模拟托福考试评分及分级办法一、目的：判断参试人员的英语水平，以便对其进行培训或授与相应的工作。
二、考试方式: 参试人员应参加笔试和口试。
对其口、笔试成绩进行综合评定，确定参试人员的相应级别。
三、笔试：1、笔试内容：笔试分为三部份。
第一部分为听力，第二部份为文法，第三部份为阅读。
听力部分50个小题，文法部分40个小题，阅读部分50个小题。
2、笔试评分：笔试按托福评分办法进行。
3、笔试分级标准：A级530以上；B级480以上；C级450以上；D级 450分以下四、口试：1、口试小组的组成：口试小组由三名教师组成对参试人员进行口试。
2、口试成绩评分：口试成绩分为四级，即A、B、C、D。
三名教师各自给出相应的成绩，取平均成绩为该考生的口试成绩。
3、口试成绩评定标准： A级：对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答准确，能表达自己完整的意念，发音基本正确。
可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
B 级：对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答较正常语速慢，有时表达完整的意念略有困难或不够清楚准确，需教师提问确认，语言不够简洁，但不影响交流。
发音基本正确可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
C级：能回答教师提出的一般问题，语速较慢，需要较多的提示才能维持对话，表达完整的意念有困难需要教师帮助，语音、语法、表达方面存在很多问题，教师理解经常有困难但无严重的发音障碍。
D级：能回答最简单的问题，但经常用母语向教师询问或寻求帮助不能表达完整的意念。
语音、语法方面问题很多，需要较长时间的训练才能达到要求。
五、综合评定成绩: 将笔试与口试成绩进行综合评定即为该生的综合评定成绩。
综合评定成绩分为四级，即A、B、C、D四级。
评定标准如下：取笔试成绩和口试成绩中较低的一项作为综合评定成绩。
10月TOEFL语法解说
1990 年 10 月语法题
1. The significance of mythology within a culture is reflected in --- , the amount of time devoted to this activity, and the relevance of mythology to ceremonials.
4. Ragtime is a kind of music --- a strongly syncopated melody and a regularly accented accompaniment.
(A) has (B) that it has (C) that has (D) it has 答案：C 测试点；定语从句． 分析：空格后为从句修饰说明 music．(C)是正确的定语从句结构，其中关系代词 that 兼作 从句主语．(A)无主语；(B)重复从句主语；(D)不是从句形式． 解题要点：a kind of+名词的结构，后面常接 that 从句作定语，说明这个名词的特点．应 在答案中先看以 that 开头的形式．
3. Economic goods may take the form --- of material ecause (C) as (D) or 答案：A 测试点；either…or…结构。 分析：后文 or 是关键词，应想到这是 either…of…or 连用的结构。
分析：名词 material 前应有冠词 the．(A)是形式主语 it 的句型，但原句并无真正主语部分； (B)为从句；(C)是 there be 句型，但原句主谓俱全，不适合此句型。 解题要点；空格后为完整的句子，应注意句首的名词前是否缺冠词．4 个答案中有一个是 冠词时，应首先考虑它．
中石油托福——题型与做题技巧PPT文档共19页
41、实际上，我们想要的不是针对犯 罪的法 律，而 是针对 疯狂的 法律。 ——马 克·吐温 42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民，就 像影子 跟随着 身体一 样。— —贝卡 利亚 43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进 步。— —杰弗 逊 44、人类受制于法律，法律受制于情 理。— —托·富 勒
ENDLeabharlann 45、法律的制定是为了保证每一个人 自由发 挥自己 的才能 ，而不 是为了 束缚他 的才能 。—— 罗伯斯 庇尔
16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书，莫被书掌握；要为生而读，莫为读而生。——布尔沃
1995-10中石油模拟托福语法笔记
10. Abraham Lincoln insisted that _____ not just on mere opinion but on moral purpose.(A) to base democracy(B) for democracy to be based(C) democracy be based(D) whenever democracy is based答案：C分析：issisted后接宾语从句,动词用原形，题目从句少主谓宾A 无谓语B 同上C正确D is不对翻译参考：林肯坚信民主应该建立在道德目的上而不仅仅是意念。
难度：211. World trade patterns are indicative of the important economic issues _____ confront the world today.(A) what(B) that(C) who(D) they答案：B分析：主谓宾全，后为定语从句，指物用thatAwhat前无名词B 正确C指人D 两个主语翻译参考：世贸形式是重要经济问题的指示，那些问题是面向全世界的难度：112. In the symphony orchestra, bass drums are not _____ kettle drums.(A) as prevalent(B) that prevalent(C) so prevalent as(D) prevalent than答案：C分析：固定结构as/so adj…asA后面少asB 少先行词C正确D 加more翻译参考：在交响乐团中，低音鼓不象架子鼓那么普遍。
难度：213. Most natural ports are located where the shoreline is irregular and _____.(A) deep water(B) is the water deep(C) the water is deep(D) there is the deep water答案：C分析：并列结构接主谓宾A少成分B 同上C正确D 不对称翻译参考：许多自然港口位于海岸线不规则和水深的地方难度：214. _____ to the reproductive rates of other small mammals, that of the bat isvery low indeed.(A) Compared(B) It is compared(C) To be comparing(D) Have compared答案：A分析：分词状语，bat被比较，用被动A正确B 两句子Cbe doneD 有have则两动词，至少是改为having been compared翻译参考：与其他小哺乳动物的繁殖速度相比，蝙蝠的的确太低了。
10中石油内部的托福经验 中石油托福成绩查询
10中石油内部的托福经验中石油托福成绩查询10中石油内部的托福经验中石油托福成绩查询话题:中石油托福成绩查询无老师总结经验托福中石油内部的托福经验【无老师力荐】May 3rd, 2010这篇文章内容稍老，但是无老师认为体现的学习方法很值得借鉴。
实在，写这个东西，不外是对自己三年来研究糊口生计回忆的一个开始，也算是对将来有志于来中石油涉外工作人的一个匡助，惠人惠己。
中石油对于涉外的职员都要进行托福代考试，考试地点在学院路上的石油大院里的59号楼和新成立的中石油石化研究院同处一栋楼。
左边牌子是中石油考试中央，右边是中石油石化研究院。
在考试之前已经对了中石油内部托福有了良多的了解，这些了解多来自于网上特别是地平线bbs，一些前辈的经验。
自己实在从一进校门开始，就比较正视英语，听过中石油不少公司宣讲，知道中石油对托福成绩是很看重的，从研一就开始学习托福，不外期中断断续续没有很能坚持下来。
不外应该说，中石油的内部托福是比现在的新托福替考要轻易很多。
下面就几个方面来谈谈中石油内部托福如何温习。
假如你是从研一开始预备，又不是那么功利的只是为了短时间突破，想进步自己的英语能力的话，那么你最先做的是要买一本托福词汇，俞敏洪的红宝书是编的比较好的一本书，个人推荐一下。
假如说你的意志力比较坚强，能长期坚持学习英语，英语底子又不太差，经济前提答应，究竟是1300多元啊，再加上买资料等等，恐怕有的人还要报班等等，下来怎么也得2000元，那么考一次新托福也是不错的选择。
究竟钱一交上去，就可以促使你学英语。
但是据我所了解不少同学，尽管报了托福，在邻近考试的时候又都抛却了，由于硕士阶段的事情确实既多又杂。
以上都是长期学习的打算，能从根本上进步英语的能力，托福考试也是测试你英语能力的一个考试。
假如你想短期突破托福考试，那么就有必要知道内部托福的特点。
因为中石油内部托福的出题范围是95-05年的托福原题包括北美试题，所以假如在短期突破，那么直接背谜底将会是一个不错的选择。
1990年10月TOEFL语法真题
EXERCISE EIGHTB1. The significance of mythology within a culture is reflected in --- , the amount of time devoted tothis activity, and the relevance of mythology to ceremonials.(A) Storytellers have prestige(B) The prestige of storytellers(C) Telling stories is prestigious(D) Prestige comes with storytelling2. Although --- some textile products, it imports many as well.(A) the exports of the United States(B) exporting of the United States(C) exporter of the United States(D) the United States exports3. Economic goods may take the form --- of material things or of services.(A) either(B) because(C) as(D) or4. Ragtime is a kind of music --- a strongly syncopated melody and a regularly accentedaccompaniment.(A) has(B) that it has(C) that has(D) it has5. Historically, --- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone havealso been used.(A) It was the(B) That the(C) There was a(D) the6. All gases and most liquids and solids expand --- heated.(A) in(B) how(C) when(D) about7. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, --- or not.(A) whether the artist being aware of it(B) the artist is being aware whether(C) whether the artist is aware of it(D) the artist is aware whether8. --- often added to sauces and soups, is plentiful and relatively inexpensive.(A) Parsley, an herb that is(B) For parsley, an herb to be(C) An herb, parsley is(D) Parsley, is that herb9. Emily Post's book Etiquette, --- in 1922, was an immediate success.(A) published(B) was published(C) when it published(D) that it published10. Emily Post's book Etiquette, --- in 1922, was an immediate success.(A) published(B) was published(C) when it published(D) that it published11.A majority of people in the United States can get all the calcium their bodies --- from the food they eat.(A) require(B) requires(C) requiring(D) to require12. --- map dates back to about 3,000 B.C.(A) Known to be the oldest(B) It was the oldest known(C) Known as the oldest(D) The oldest known13. The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as --- .(A) possibly little nourishment(B) nourishment possibly little(C) little as possible nourishment(D) little nourishment as possible14. The small greenish flowers of the American elm tree appear in the spring, --- .(A) is grown long before the leaves(B) long before the leaves grow(C) the leaves before growing long(D) the growth of leaves before long is15. In the years between 1937 and 1952, author Margaret Wise Brown ---more than a hundredbooks but also wrote the lyrics for 21 children's records.(A) not only produced(B) only not produced(C) produced only(D) only have produced16. Lizards lack the built – in body temperature control many another creatures possessA B C D17. Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic pain.A B C D18. With her talent for business promotion, Kate Gleason expansion her family's small machine-A Btool company into a major manufacturer of gear – cutting machinery.C D19. Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew large leaves together with plant fiber to formingA B C Dtheir nests.20. Columns may be circular or polygonal in cross section, and are generally at least four timesA B Cmore taller than they are wide.D21. The poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks demonstrates a major characteristically of twentieth –A B Ccentury writing : the conflict between commitment to a social ideal and commitment to art.D22. Montessori preschools differ than public elementary schools in that the activities focus on theA B C child's individual abilities and interests rather than academic ones.D23. Josh Billings roamed the country as a laborer when he was a young man, but settled down inA Bhis later life to become a humorist and lecturing.C D24. Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that hugeA Bthunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn.C D25. Every individual cell, whether its exists as an independent microorganism or is part of aA Bcomplex creature, has its own life cycle.C D26. Because aluminum is nonmagnetic, it is value for protecting electrical equipment fromA B C D magnetic interference.27. Nitrogen and oxygen are too important that most living organisms cannot survive without these elements.28. Coal and petroleum resulted when plants become buried in swamps and decayed.A B C D29. Percapita income is a nation's entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation.A B C D30. Jim Thorpe, a football, track, and baseball stars from Pennsylvania, is considered by many toA B Cbe the greatest all-around athlete of modern times.D31. For centuries waterwheels were the only sources of power aside from human and animalA B Cstrong .D32. Proteins form the most of the structure of the body and also act as enzymes.A B C D33. The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law whoA B may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs.C D34. Many of the science fiction publications by Ray Bradbury display a desire to rebel againstA B Csociety's depend on machines.D35. The age of a geological sample can be estimated from the ratio of radioactive toA Bnonradioactive carbon present in the object is examined.C D36. Dams vary in size from small rock barriers to concrete structures many feet height.A B C D37. Even before the human organism developed into their present stage of home sapiens, theA B Cbeginnings of culture were already evident.D38. In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the 1870's orA B C D thereabouts.39. Employments agencies bring together persons qualified for specific jobs and employers whoA B Chave those jobs available.D40. Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite they return to their freshwaterA B C Dbirthplaces to spawn and die.。
老托福语法题(198910)2-1
智课网TOEFL备考资料老托福语法题(198910)2-1摘要：老托福语法题(1989.10)2-1，虽然托福考生经过改革后难度提升了，但是在语法和句型的考察方面，与老托福考试无太大的异议，因此一些老托福的备考资料，准备考托福的同学们仍然可以使用。
下文中，小编为各位同学编辑汇总了老托福语法题，希望同学们能够加以利用。
并能从中获取解题方法及技巧。
如下就是小马小编为各位同学汇总整理的1989年10月份的老托福语法题，希望同学们综合利用。
1. Quasars emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation. (A) Star-like objects are(B) Star-like, they are objects(C) are star-like objects(D) are they star-like objects答案：C测试点：主谓结构.分析：Quasar 是主语，后面缺少动词及动词后所带成份，应在答案中选择动词十宾语或系动词斗表语的结构.(C)是系表结构.解题要点：在 4 个答案中首先寻找以动词开头的形式.2. Mary Cassatt specialized mothers with their children. (A) painted(B) who painted(C) paintings(D) in painting答案：D测试点：习语。
分析：specialize 是不及物动词，后面不能直接加宾语，而要用介词。
答案中只有(D)有介词，故选(D).specialize in+名词/动名词是固定短语.3. Gorillas are quiet animals, they are able to make about twenty different sounds. (A) how(B) in spite of (C) because of (D) even though答案：D 测试点：连词. 分析：逗号前后为两个主谓完整的句子，且是转折的关系，要用表示转折的连词连接.答案中只有 (D)even though 是表示转折的连词。
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1. The significance of mythology within a culture is reflected in ---, the amount of time devoted to this activity, and therelevance of mythology to ceremonials.(A)Storytellers have prestige(B)The prestige of storytellers(C)Telling stories is prestigious(D)Prestige comes with storytelling2. Although --- some textile products, it imports many as well.(A)the exports of the United States(B)exporting of the United States(C)exporter of the United States(D)the United States exports3. Economic goods may take the form --- of material things or of services.(A)either(B)because(C)as(D)or4. Ragtime is a kind of music --- a strongly syncopated melody and a regularly accented accompaniment.(A)has(B)that it has(C)that has(D)it has5. Historically, --- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.(A)It was the(B)That the(C)There was a(D)the6. All gases and most liquids and solids expand --- heated.(A)in(B)how(C)when(D)about7. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, --- or not.1。
神话的意义在文化反映在- - -的时间致力于这一活动,婚礼仪式和神话的相关性。
答案：B 测试点：介词宾语.分析：介词 in 后应接名词性成份，而答案中只有(B)是名词词组，可作介词宾语．(A)(C)(D)均有动词出现.2。
虽然- - -一些纺织品,进口很多。
答案：D 测试点：主谓结构.分析：连词 Although 应后接从句，但此从句主、谓俱缺，应从答案中选择主语十动词的结构，即(D)．(A)(B)(C)均有 of．说明都是名词性结构，错.3所示。
经济商品可能采取的形式- - - -- -物质或服务。
答案：A 测试点；either…or…结构。
分析：后文 or 是关键词，应想到这是 either…of…or 连用的结构。
4所示。
拉格泰姆是一种音乐- - -强烈切分旋律和定期重音伴奏。
答案：C 测试点；定语从句.分析：空格后为从句修饰说明 music．(C)是正确的定语从句结构，其中关系代词 that 兼作从句主 语．(A)无主语；(B)重复从句主语；(D)不是从句形式.解题要点：a kindof+名词的结构，后面常接 that 从句作定语，说明这个名词的特点．应在答案中先看以 that 开头的形式.5。
从历史上看,——首席材料木材制作家具,但是金属和石头也被使用。
答案：D 测试点：冠词.分析：名词 material 前应有冠词 the．(A)是形式主语 it 的句型，但原句并无真正主语部分；(B)为从 句；(C)是 there be 句型，但原句主谓俱全，不适合此句型。
解题要点；空格后为完整的句子，应注意句首的名词前是否缺冠词．4 个答案中有一个是冠词时，应首 先考虑它.6。
所有气体和液体和固体扩大——加热。
答案：C 测试点：省略句分析：heated 是过去分词，when+分词，相当于省略的从句，即 when(they are)heated．解题要点； 时间状语从句连接词 when／while 后面可直接加分词，省略了主语和系词be.- - - - -。
是固定搭配．看到关键词 or not：应在答案中寻找以 whether 开头的结构，即(A)和(C)。
(A)being 不是谓语动词形式错误。
(A)whether the artist being aware of it(B)the artist is being aware whether(C)whether the artist is aware of it(D)the artist is aware whether8. --- often added to sauces and soups, is plentiful and relatively inexpensive.(A)Parsley, an herb that is(B)For parsley, an herb to be(C)An herb, parsley is(D)Parsley, is that herb9. Emily Post’s book Etiquette, --- in 1922, was an immediate success.(A)published(B)was published(C)when it published(D)that it published10. Emily Post’s book Etiquette, --- in 1922, was an immediate success.(A)published(B)was published(C)when it published(D)that it published11.A majority of people in the United States can get all the calcium their bodies --- from the food they eat.(A)require(B)requires(C)requiring(D)to require12. --- map dates back to about 3,000 B.C.(A)Known to be the oldest(B)It was the oldest known(C)Known as the oldest(D)The oldest known13. The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as --- .(A)possibly little nourishment(B)nourishment possibly little 7所示。
抽象进入任何艺术作品的制作,-- - - - -。
答案：C测试点：whether…or not 结构.分析：whether…or not是固定搭配．看到关键词 or not：应在答案中寻找以 whether 开头的结构，即(A)和(C)。
(A)being 不是谓语动词形式错误。
8。
——通常添加到酱油和汤,是丰富的和相对的便宜。
答案：A 测试点；主语／同位语.分析：系动词 be 前应为句子主语部分，但如果有逗号把主语部分与动词隔开，则说明主语后面接有修饰它的部分，即同位语或定语．应在答案中选择名词+逗号+同位语／定语的结构，即(A).9。
艾米丽的书礼仪,- - - 1922年,是立即成功。
答案：B 测试点：习语.分析：Similar to 是固定短语，此形容词短语接在名词后作其定语.10。
艾米丽的书礼仪,- - - 1922年,是立即成功。
答案：A 测试点；分词短语作后置定语。
分析：分词短语作定语置于其中心词后面，相当于省略了主语兼连接词和系词 be 的定语从句，(that was)published．这种分词后置定语即是考题中较常见的结构．(A)多了动词 was；(C)是从句，如用被动 态亦说得通．(D)that引导的定语从句不能用逗号与主句隔开，且语态为主动，故不适合此句.11。
大多数人在美国可以得到所有的身体钙——从他们所吃的食物。
答案：A 测试点：谓语／主谓数的一致.分析：calcium 后面是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，从句缺谓语动词。
答案中(A)(B)均可能作谓 语，但从句主语为复数的 bodies，故选复数形式的(A)。
(C)(D)均为动词的非谓语形式.12。
——地图可以追溯到公元前3000年答案：D 测试点：习语.分析：the+形容词最高级+known 是固定说法，表示“己知的最……的”，通常作定语．空格后为完整 的句子，主语前只需定语，故选(D)．(B)用了形式主语 it,但句中并无真正主语 that 从句或不定式.13。
控制老鼠的最好方法是通过看他们-- - - - -。
答案：D 测试点；as…as…结构。
分析：以空格前的 as 为线索，在答案中寻找含有另外那个 as 的结构，即(C)、(D)．(C)形容词和它所 修饰的名词之间不应插入其他成份；(D)正确.(C)little as possible nourishment(D)little nourishment as possible14. The small greenish flowers of the American elm tree appear in the spring, --- .(A)is grown long before the leaves(B)long before the leaves grow(C)the leaves before growing long(D)the growth of leaves before long is15. In the years between 1937 and 1952, author Margaret Wise Brown ---more than a hundred books but also wrote the lyrics for 21 children’s records.(A)not only produced(B)only not produced(C)produced only(D)only have produced16.Lizards lack the built – in body temperature control many another creatures possess 16。