翻译 山大复试资料
英语强化训练之Translation
例文一、
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
However, space policy is so dominated by politics that sound engieenng evidence is not adequate to transform a high-cost industry into a low-cost one. Many engineers considered space-planes to be feasible over thirty years ago. As a result, the government has not encouraged studies of space-planes that could be built using existing technology.
The largest new space project planned at present is the International Space Station. The estimated cost is about $20 billion plus about the same again in launch costs. If new technology can be used, the total cost could be reduced by at least 80 per cent to less than $8 billion.
Tr:
然而，太空政策受到政治的如此主宰，以至于光凭可靠的工程论证时不足以把一项高成本产业转化为一项低成本产业的。很多工程师认为，太空飞机早在30年前就可能实现。没有得到开发主要是因为美国政府不感兴趣。所以，政府不鼓励利用现有技术进行太空飞机的研究。
目前，规模最大的新的航天工程是建立宇宙空间站，它的估算造价约200亿美元，另外还得加上大约相同数目的发射费用。如果采用新的技术，总耗资可降至80亿美元，比原来至少减少了80%。
解析：
1.第一句中的so…that结构引起的是一个表示结果意义的从句，该句可译
为“受到政治的主宰，以致于……”。句中的not adequate to transform 是
一个表示程度意义的“形容词+动词不定式”短语。译为“不足以把……转
化为”。
2.翻译第三句时注意they所替代的先行名词，这里they指代的名词是space
planes,而不是many engineers.
3.第一段最后一句中的As a result,可译成“结果”，也可译成“所以”。别外，
须注意句中短语“using existing technology”作方式状语修饰could be built。
4.第二段第二句中的介词短语plus about the same again in launch costs应该
译为“另外还得加上数目大约相同的发射费用”。
5.by at least 80 per cent此处by表示“净咸少”，译为“比原来至少减少了
80%。
例文二、
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Cities have always ruined the environment around them, and have often paid the price. Scientists have found that a very old city was buried in mud for hundreds of years because it was flooded due to cutting down too many trees.
Besides, cities will bring about more problems to the urban people. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the number of people living in towns and cities will outnumber those in the countryside for the first time in human history. Within another 30 years there will be twice as many urban as country people.
The future of humanity will be shaped largely by urban conditions and quality of life for generations to come and the chance to solve conflict within nations and between them will depend on whether governments can find ways of coping with accelerating urban growth.
城市一直在破坏它们的周围环境，并常常为之付出代价。科学家发现。
一座古城在泥土下掩埋了千百年就是因为砍树过多而被洪水淹没的。此外，城市会给市民带来许多问题。据估计，到2050年时，城镇居民的数量将在人类历史上第一次超过农村人口的数。随后30年内，城市居民人数将达到农村人口的两倍。
人类未来的大部分将由城市的状况来决定，下几代人的生活质量和解决国家内部及国家之间的冲突的机会将取决于各国政府是否能找到办法来控制城市的过快发展。
1．在翻译第一段第一句and have often paid the price 这一部分时，汉语中加上“为之”显得通顺。
2．在翻译第一段时，注意译出原文时态的含义，如原文第二句中的从句讲过去发生的事情，第三句开始则讲将来可能发生的事情，注意加上“了”和“会”，“将”等词。
3．翻译第一段第四句时，注意英语中those这样的代词的译法。英语中这种避免重复百使用代词的地方，根据汉语习惯，往往需要重复实词注意变通，这里把它译成“人数”。
4．在翻译第一段最后一句there will be twice as many urban as country people时，注意倍数的译法和many urban后省略people的译法，译成“城市居民人数将达到农村人口的两倍”。
5．第二段只有一句话，但句子长，难翻译。本句中，一是应注意被动语态的翻译（如，will be shaped largely by ）,二是应注意动词不定式作定语引出的短语翻译to come and the chance to solve the conflict…的译法。
例文三、
Directions: Translate the fallowing passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET
Operating a single currency is not going to be easy. European economic union will not function without difficulties. Indeed, signs of stress have already appeared, and these political, economic and social pressures will almost certainly intensify in the years to come. Some people think that the chances of European Union breaking up will be higher before euro notes go into circulation in January, 2002. Others say, no. A big problem will come when most of European countries are sliding into recession after their booms are over. It is a hot topic whether European Economic Union will fail or succeed with euro notes. Some economists contend that a failure is not possible because the political will is simply too strong to allow it to fail.
单一货币的运作并非一帆风顺。欧洲经济联盟在履行其职能时不可避免地会遇到困难。事实上，种种迹象表明压力已经出现。而且，在今后的几年内，来自政治、经济及社会各方面的压力会不断加剧。有些人认为，在2002年1月欧元货币正式进入流通前，欧洲联盟解体的可能性更大。但另外一些人并不这么认为。当多数欧洲国家经过繁荣后走向萧条时，更严重的问题便会发生。欧洲经济联盟在实施欧元方面是成功还是失败已成为一个热门的话题。一些经济学家认为失败是不可能的，因为强烈的政治意愿不允许它失败。
1. 第一句中有两点翻译时需注意：1）operate 作为动词原意为“操作”，这里operating a single currency 译为“单一货币的运作”，是一种将英语及物动词含义转化的译法；2）is not going to bi easy 这里表示一种趋势，表示“实行起来不会一帆风顺”。
2. 第二句中的stress 和第三句中的pressure 是同义词，均表示“压力”。Intensify 在本剧中为不及物动词，译为“……压力不断加剧”。
3. 第五句中的the chances of European Union breaking up, 其中European Union breaking up为带主语的动名词复合结构，可译为“欧洲联盟解体”。
4. 第七句中A big problem 是按照悲观派的想法更进一步的推论，所以译为“更严重的问题”。
5. 段末句too strong to allow it to fall 意为“太强大，以至于不会让它解体”，译为“强烈（的政治意愿）不允许它失败”更加贴切。
例文四、
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
The job interview is the important moment in job hunting. In addition to how the interviewer sees your qualifications and personal qualities, much will depend on how they evaluate your interview performance in general. Therefore, it is helpful to consider it a performance or a game whose goal is show the interviewer that you are the best person for the job.
Most people take a passive approach to an interview, answering whatever question they are asked to the best of their ability. A better approach is to take control and give the inter viewer ever reason to believe that you can handle the job for which you are being considered and little reason to believe you can’t.
在找工作的过程中，面试是一个关键时刻。面试的成功与否，除了面试官如何看你的条件及个人素质外，主要取决于他们如何评价你在面试中的总的表现。因此，有必要把它当作一场演出或比赛来看待，其目的是向面试官表示你是干这项工作的最佳人选。
大多数人在面试中采取被动策略，尽全力回答提出的问题。一种更好的方法是控制局面，使面试官有绝对理由相信你能胜任这项工作，让他们没有理由相信你不能胜任它。
1．第二句much will depend on 中的much是代词，根据上下文译为“面世的成功与否”
比较合适。另外，注意短语介词in addition to和介词on 后的两个宾语从局的译法。
2．注意第一段最后一句的定语从句中show the inter viewer, 其后that 引出的从句是show要求的宾语从句，这部分应译为“其目的是向面世考官表示你是干这项工作的最佳人选”。
3．翻译第二段第一句时，应当了解，为什么“竭尽全力回答提出的问题”是“被动策略”。
另一值得注意的是“answering whatever questions…”的译法。
4．第二段最后一句的take control指take control of the situation.。另外，还应注意定语从句中for which…的译法。
例文五、
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET
There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political affairs to the almost boundless development of the nation’s economic and industrial potential .The nation at large was exhausted from the Civil War .By the 1870’s,most Americans felt that it was time to turn to building their own lives.
At the same time, the post-war expansion of railroad transportation ,the exploitation of steam and electrical power ,and the forward march of science and invention-all played major roles .Equally important too ,was the vast physical size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources-iron ,coal, copper, gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitation. Moreover, the fact that the Constitution prohibited any barriers to interstate commerce made the utilization of these resources easy and profitable.
有很多原因促成了国家的重心从政治事务明显地转向对国家的以济和工业潜力的几乎是毫无限制的发展上来.整个国家被南北战争搞得精疲力竭.到19世纪70年代,多数美国人认为建设自己的生活的时代到来了.
与此同时,占后铁路交通的发展,蒸汽和电力的开发,科学和发明的进展——所有这些都起到了重要的作用。幅员辽阔的国土及其取之不尽的丰富资源——铁、煤、铜、金等也同样重要。所有这些都等待着占后的开发。此外，宪法禁止在州际之间设置任何贸易壁垒开发利用这些资源便捷易行，而且有利可图。
1.翻译好这一段的关键是先从整体上理解本段的主题内容，即美国何时开始把国家
的主要精力转向经济建设的。
2.第二段第一句中all played major roles,总括前面所说，应译为“所有这些都起到了
重要的作用”。
3.Equally important, too, was the vast physical size of the nation…是一个倒装句。翻译
时应进行倒装处理。
第二段最后一句应注意同位语从句the fact that…的译法，“宪法禁止在州际之间设置任何贸易障碍使得……”
例文六、
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and pout your translation on the ANSWER SHEET
With many American homes equipped with several TVs from a 3 inch portable set to one with a 5 foot colour screen, the television industry is moving into its second generation .In addition to the free TV programs on the major TV networks, privately owned companies provide pay-cable services, through a wiring system similar to the telephone, to nearly one in five TV homes. More than 1.6 million Americans already pay monthly cable subscription fees of about $50 for special programs not available on network TV such as first–run movies and sport events. Americans are willing to pay to have more choice in selecting programs and to be able to watch their favorite shows without the interruption of advertisements.
由于许多美国家庭都拥有几台电视机，从三英寸的便携式电视机到英尺的彩色电视机，美国的电视机工业正在步入它的第二代。除了大型电视联播网免费播送的节日外，一些私人开办的公司，通过类似电话线那样的有线线路，向将近五分之一的电视用户提供收费的有线电视服务。目前，美国已有160多万人按月缴付50美元左右的有线电视服务费。收看电视联播网所没有的特别节目，诸如首映影片和体育比赛节日等。为了在选择节目上有更多的机会以及在观看喜爱节目时不受广告的干扰，美国人情愿交纳收视费用。
1．第一句中with many American homes equipped with several TV s …是一个比较长的介词短语，介词with后是带主语的分词复合结构，应译为“由于许多美国家庭都拥有几台电视机……”。
2．翻译第二句中的provide pay-cable services…to nearly one in five TV homes 时，注意状语through a wiring system 的位置处理。还应注意nearly one in five 的译法。该部分可译成“向将近五分之一的电视用户提供收费的有线电视服务”。
3．第三句中not available on network TV such as first-run movies and sports events,这部分的意思是：“收看电视联网所没有的特别节目，诸如首映影片和体育比赛节目等”。
4．段末句中to have more choice in selecting programs 是目的状语，同时还应注意同义词choice和selecting 的译法。
例文七、
Directions: read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
What exactly is infotech? 85% of people polled recently had not a clue to what is meant, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important. They were right. But what is it?(81) Well, it is the “marrying-up” of products from several key industries ; computers , telecommunication networks, television, satellites. It means using micro-electronics, telecommunication networks, and fiber optics to help produce, store, obtain and send information by way of words, numbers, pictures and sound more quickly and efficiently than ever before.
(82) The impact infotech is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous. It is already linking the skills of the space industry with homes from all over the world. (83)
Armies of workers, the robots, will soon be working in factories doing the boring, complex and unpleasant job which are at present still done by man. In some areas such as the car industry this has already started. Television will also be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen , payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards. Home banking and the automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television screen. Cable television which in many countries now gives a choice of dozens of channels will soon be used to protect our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms linked to police and fire stations.
(84) Computers will run our homes, controlling the heating, air conditioning and cooking systems while robots will cope with the housework. The friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the postal service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via viewdata screens.
(85) All these things are coming very fast and their effects well be as far–reaching as those of the industrial revolution. Infotech is part of the technological revolution and that is with us now.
81.是啊！它（高技术）是若干骨干工业产品的“嫁接”：计算机、电话、电视和卫星。
82.信息技术正在并将会对我们的生活和工作产生巨大的影响。
83.大批的工业劳动大军——机器人也将很快在工厂做一些目前由人做的枯燥、复杂及无趣的工作。
84.计算机将管理我们的家庭、管理取暖、空调及烹饪系统，而机器人则处理家务。
85.所有这一切来势迅猛，而且其影响犹如工业革命那样意义深远。
解析：
81.该句中的well是一个感叹句，与上句中的“but what is it ?”相接。连起来的意思是“他们对信息技术的看法是正确的。可是，信息技术到底是怎么一回事呢？唔！也许这么说吧，信息技术是……嫁接”。
82.本句中having the impact on 应译为“正在产生的影响”，而不是“具有的影响。”
83.翻译本句中will soon be working in factories doing the boring…job这一部分时，应译出其时态意义。即“很快就将在工厂中干……枯燥的工作。”
84.翻译本句时应注意while引出的对比从句的译法，还要注意伴随状语controlling后the…systems等几个并列宾语的结构。
85.注意本句中as far-reaching as those of the industrial revolution译法。
例文八、
Directions: read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese . put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
(81)It was not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (陪嫁).Admittedly , the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of being discarded , but in reality, its function is that social and family life of the time was much core important. The dowry was the wife’s is that social and family life of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to withhold consent in all transactions the husband would make. (82)And more than just a right: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. in no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
(83)The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the
opposition was not always true.(84)Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own interests against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maris Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.”(85)Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, within the extent of the family, a powerful economic position .
81．在10世纪至11世纪的南欧，妇女的社会地位很高，这一点人们很少能认识到。
82．不仅是这一权利：文件表明，妇女还享有真正的决定权，这权利同她的丈夫是相同的。
83．妻子分享有管理丈夫私有财产的权利，而丈夫却并不总是肖这样的权利。
84．妇女们似乎是全力以赴地保护自己权益以防备那些试图超越其权限的丈夫，而且有时她们会表现也极高的斗志。
85．不论是利用自己的陪嫁还是通过撒泼，妻子知道怎样赢得家庭范围内牢固的经济地位。
解析：
81.it was not often realized that…作为一种部分否定，应择为“人们不常意识到”，或“人们很少意识到”。
82.and more than just a right与其上句承接，用and more than just表示强调。可译为：“而且不仅仅只是一种权力”。
83.句中the opposition 指与前半句相的情况，即the management of his wife’s personal property。翻译时应译出这个意思来，即“丈夫却并不总是拥有同样的权力。”
84.翻译本句时，应注意定语从句的译法，即“防备那些试图超越其权力的丈夫”。后半句则应注意on occasion的译法，即“有的时候”。
85.句中through being hot-tempered是一种表示手段的状语，意为“通过发脾气这种手段，”编者译为“通过撒泼”。
例文九、
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Prison life will never be quite the same again for women criminals in Scotland. Prisoners live on a “family” basis with their officers, in small units of seven rooms. There is kitchen where they cook their own meals and a room with fitted carpet and armchairs.
(81)The “wakey, wakey” (起床，起床) call by loudspeaker at 7 a.m. is followed by a morning music programme featuring the prisoners’ favorites.
Prison authorities and staff dismiss suggestions, however, that Cornton Vale has the atmosphere of a holidays camp. “This establishment will not be by any means a soft potion,” Mr. Smith, director of the Scottish Prison Service, said
The 220 prisoners have single rooms, there is a medical centre, and extensive playing fields.
(82) The windows look out over lawns and a goldfish pond, with a view of the Ochil Hills.
Visiting-day is conducted over a cup of coffee.
(83) During the day, most of the prisoners will be employed in three well-lit, cheerfully-decorated workshops, making soft toys or clothing. Their earnings-up to 90p a week-can be spent in the prison shop, in the canteen(食堂) , or on a 3p hairdo,
(84) The gymnasium, which also acts as a cinema and concert hall, has facilities for table tennis, badminton, keep-fit classes, and dancing.
(85) “We try to preserve human dignity as much as possible, by imaging ourselves in the prisoner’s position,” Mrs. Curran, deputy governor, said.
(81)早上7点扩音喇叭就发出“起床！起床！”的喊叫声，接着播放囚犯们喜爱的音乐节目。
(82)透过窗户可以看到草地和一个金鱼池塘，远处还可以看见欧奇尔山。
(83)白天，大多数囚犯被安置在三间灯光明亮，装饰优雅的车间工作，在那里制作柔软的玩具或做衣服。
(84)也可当作电影馆和音乐厅的体育馆拥有乒乓球、羽毛球、健身和跳舞等设备。
(85)“我们尽量保持其人格与尊严，设身处地的为囚犯们着想”。副监狱长卡兰夫说到。
解析：
81.句中featuring the prisoners’ favorites,意为“以囚犯们的爱好为特征的”。Favorites 在本句中为句词，指“喜爱的东西“。
82．本句通过客观地描写监狱中的环境来描写囚犯们在该监狱中的生活。Windows look out over the lawns 意为“透过窗口可以看到草地”。with a view of 是一个短语介词，意为“可以看到”。
83．本句will be employed in the…workshops, making soft toys and clothing中所用的两个动词，一个为主动语态，一个为被动语态，翻译时应将它们不同语态的意义译出来，即“被安置在……车间工作，制造柔软的玩具和衣服“。
84．句中act also as 在此作“也用作”解。
85. 句中We try to preserve human dignity as much as p ossible…实际上指“我们尽量没设法使自己保持自己的尊严”。
例文十、
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of animal care bills and furniture. It is difficult not to feel resentful about this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, and it is not unusual for me to get hot under the collar when I read about another old person who has left all his/her money to a dog or cat home.
There are a variety of reasons why I, personally, find the population of British pets alarming. Among other things they cause physical problems. (81) An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too.
(82) It is the threat of diseases that has made the English government impose strict restrictions on animals coming into the United Kingdom.
Another problem is the careless of some pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually pester(纠缠) their mothers and fathers until they get one. (83) It is only when a pet has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on
it. At this point many of them abandon it.
(84As far I am concerned, it’s time we stopped being sentimental about pets .I can see no reason, for example, why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical “keep cutting!”
(85) We are a nation of pet –lovers. Wouldn’t be better to be lovers of human beings?
翻译：
81. 纽约就是一个很好的例子,在那里他们无法清除狗拉在街上的粪便。
82．正是各种疾病的威胁迫使英国政府对带进联合王国的动物实施严格的限制。
83．只有当宠物被带回家时，父母才意识到在它身上要花多少时间和钱财。
84．就我个人的态度而言，现在是让人们停止对宠物那样关怀有加的时候了。
85．我们是一个热爱宠物的国家，要是我们能去热爱人类那不是更好吗？解析：
81. 本句带有两个定语从句，如果把这两个具定语从句全疗照搬译成汉语的“……的”结构，读起来一定很绕口。因此需要进行拆句翻译。将第一个定语从句译成“在那里（即在纽约）人们无法清除狗拉在街上的粪便”。
82．注意这句话用的是强调句型，应译为“正是疾病的威胁才迫使英国政府……”。83．本句用的也是强调句型，强调when a pet has been brought home 这一时间从句，翻译时应译出这一语气。
84．As far as I am concerned 是一个典型惯用句型，意思是“就我个人的态度而言”。85．Wouldn’t it be better to be lovers of human beings?是个修辞疑问句，应译为“要是能热爱人类自己不是更好吗？
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