非谓语动词3

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非谓语动词三大形式

非谓语动词三大形式非谓语动词是英语中一种特殊的动词形式，在句子中作不同的语法功能。

非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。

在本文中，我们将介绍这三种形式的用法以及它们在句子中的不同作用。

一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成。

在句子中，动词不定式可以作多种语法功能，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。

1. 作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，常常用于表达一种观点、信念或建议。

例如：•To learn a new language takes time and effort.（学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。

）•To travel is to live.（旅行就是生活。

）2. 作宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，常常用于表示目的、意图或动作的结果。

例如：•I want to visit Paris.（我想去巴黎。

）•She loves to read books.（她喜欢阅读书籍。

）3. 作表语动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语，常常用于描述主语的特征、性质或状态。

例如：•Her dream is to become a doctor.（她的梦想是成为一名医生。

）•The key to happiness is to live in the present.（快乐的钥匙是活在当下。

）4. 作宾补动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾补，常常用于补充说明及物动词的意义。

例如：•She made me laugh.（她让我笑了。

）•They consider him to be the best candidate.（他们认为他是最佳候选人。

）二、动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，以-ing结尾。

在句子中，动名词可以作多种语法功能，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。

1. 作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语，常常用于表示一种习惯、经验或普遍情况。

例如：•Running helps to keep me fit.（跑步有助于保持健康。

非谓语的三种形式

非谓语的三种形式非谓语是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。

一般包括三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语在英语中的使用频率非常高，掌握好非谓语的用法对于提高英语水平非常重要。

一、不定式不定式是指以to+动词原形构成的动词形式。

不定式可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语，还可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。

1. 作名词不定式作为名词可以用来表示动作的概念，如：To learn English well is very important.学好英语非常重要。

It’s important for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。

2. 作形容词不定式作为形容词可以用来修饰名词，如：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。

It’s a difficult task to complete.这是一个很难完成的任务。

3. 作副词不定式作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词，如：He works hard to support his family.他努力工作来养家。

She was too tired to continue.她太累了，不能继续了。

二、动名词动名词是指以-ing结尾的动词形式，它可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语，还可以用来表示持续性动作或者正在进行的动作。

1. 作名词动名词作为名词可以用来表示一种行为或者状态，如：Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

Reading is a good way to improve your English.阅读是提高英语的好方法。

2. 作形容词动名词作为形容词可以用来修饰名词，如：I have a boring job.我有一份无聊的工作。

The exciting movie made me happy.这部令人激动的电影让我很开心。

3. 作副词动名词作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词，如：She smiled, looking very happy.她微笑着，看起来很开心。

动词的非谓语形式有三种

动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。

一、不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。

不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

不定式没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。

不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。

不定式复合结构为“介词＋sb.(sth.)＋to do”，其中“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为逻辑主语。

1. 不定式的用法：(1)作主语。

不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。

It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。

但不定式作表语时，前面有不定式作主语，不定式不可位于句末。

如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

(2)作宾语。

常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。

He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。

有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来作形式宾语。

如：You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time. 你会发现有必要提前完成工作。

非谓语动词有3种形式

非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do）3.I don’t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。

动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词

注①
admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．
2
动名词的复合结构同由
物主代词
人称代词宾格 +动名词构成
名词所有格
普通格加
2
2．动名词的复合结构
句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．
例如: His coming made me very happy． Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn't mind his crying． Is there any hope for Xiao Wang’s winning?
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless /there is no …等后必须用动名词。例如：
01
02
2)作表语．
例如： Her job is teaching.
He is fond of playing football．
01
I like swimming.
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．) I tried not to go there． (我没法不去那里． He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．) I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)

动词的非谓语形式有三种

动词的非谓语形式有三种动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．1．不定式的用法：l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如：To see is to believe．It is right to give up smoking．2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。

往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如：He wanted to go．I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song．注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如：She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go．4)作定语．例如：I have some books for you to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：He is looking for a room to live in．There is nothing to worry about．Please give me a knife to cut with．但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：He had no money and no place to live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else)5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(结果)To look at him, you would like him．(条件)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示．如：In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．We ran all the way so as not to be late．不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：I am very glad to hear it．The question is difficult to answer．“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：He is too old to do that．另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：The room is big enough to hold us．6)作表语．例如：My job is to help the patient．7)作独立成分．例如：To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)My question is when to start. (表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如:Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。

动词的非谓语形式有三种

动词的非谓语形式有三种————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一）不定式不定式由“ ｔｏ十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ noｔtｏdo”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“foｒ十名词或代词宾格”构成.1．不定式的用法:ｌ）作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to bｅｌiｅve.Ｉt is right tｏgive up smokinｇ.２)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。

往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如:He ｗaｎted to gｏ．Ｉfind it intｅrestｉｎｇto sｔudy work ｗiｔh him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：Ｈｅasked me to do ｔhe woｒｋwiｔh him．注意：在feｅｌ,heaｒ,ｌｉsteｎtｏ，looｋat，notice, ｏｂserve，seｅ,watch,ｈａvｅ，let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带ｔｏ．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如I ofteｎｈear hiｍsｉnｇｔｈe ｓoｎｇ．He is often ｈeard to sinｇthｅsｏｎg．注意：不定式动词在介词but,exｃept，besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带ｔo．如:She cｏuld do ｎｏtｈing but crｙ.What dｏyou ｌikｅtｏｄo bｅsidesｓwｉm?I havｅnｏcｈoｉcｅbｕｔto go.4)作定语.例如：Ｉhaｖe some bookｓfor yｏu to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：He is loｏking for a rｏom to lｉvｅｉn．Theｒe is nothｉng ｔｏworry about.Pｌeaｓe givｅme ａkｎifｅto cuｔwith.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是tｉme,ｐlａｃe或waｙ,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如:He haｄno moneｙanｄno pｌacｅto live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:A) Ｈａve you ａnything tｏｓeｎd? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tｏsｅｎd的动作执行者是yoｕ)B)Have you anｙｔhiｎg to ｂe sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式ｔｏｂｅsｅnｔ的动作执行者是已被省略的mｅ或someonｅｅｌse)5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：I cａme heｒe to see you.(目的）We were ｖery exciｔedｔｏｈeaｒthe news．(原因)He hｕrrieｄto the schooｌｔｏfｉnd nｏbｏdy thｅｒe．(结果)Tｏlｏok at ｈiｍ, ｙou wouｌd lｉke hｉm.(条件)目的状语还可以用ｉｎorｄer to或so as tｏ来表示．如：Ｉn order tｏpass the exam, he woｒkｅd vｅｒy harｄ．We rａｎall thｅway so as not ｔo be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：Ｉamｖｅry glａd tｏheaｒit．Tｈe qｕｅstion is difｆｉcult tｏａnｓwｅｒ．“ｔoo十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He isｔoo old tｏdo thａｔ.另外句子中有ｅnougｈ这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如:Tｈe room is big enouｇｈｔoｈoｌd us.6）作表语．例如：Ｍy ｊob is to help the patｉeｎt.7)作独立成分．例如:To ｔeｌl tｈeｔｒｕth，I don’t agｒｅe with you.8)不定式与疑问词ｗhｏ,ｗhich,wｈeｎ，where,ｈow,wｈat等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如：Ｈe dｉdn’t know whａt tｏsay.（宾语)Ｈow to sｏlve ｔｈe ｐroｂlｅm is ｖｅryｉmｐortaｎt．（主语）My quｅstiｏn is when to start. （表语）注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why noｔ开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带tｏ．例如:Ｗｈy nｏt hａve a rest?９）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。

2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲：非谓语动词(3) 课件

考法训练
单句语法填空
4．Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot __to__se_ll_ (sell) some of our eggs.
5 ． No agreement __re_a_ch_e_d (reach) at the meeting, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
用法多表示在谓语动词之后发生的动
作，表示将来的动作
表示主动、进行
表示被动、完成
例题讲解
考法二考查非谓语动词作定语的用法
[全国新高考Ⅰ2021·63] Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ______ (ache) legs.
句意为：那里的活动有观赏鲸鱼、远足等，且(提供的)住宿力求对自然环境产生较轻的影响。aim to do sth.意为“力求做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to have。
考法三考查非谓语动词作宾语、补语、主语和表语的用法
例题讲解
2 [全国甲2021·63] It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
句意为：走完或者骑行完整整14千米是有可能的。It is possible to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是有可能的”。故填to walk。

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下：1.动词不定式(Infinitives)：2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。

1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。

1）非谓语动词做主语一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比拟多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比拟少。

通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。

例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of e*ercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。

例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。

It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则根本一致。

在表示"目的，愿望，梦想，需求〞等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如：Her wish was to bee an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。

英语非谓语

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。

其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。

非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。

2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。

(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。

如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。

非谓语动词有3种形式

⾮谓语动词有3种形式⾮谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（⼀）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。

动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有⼈称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。

不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。

不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。

⼀作主语。

不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，⽤it做形式主语。

1. To see is to believe.2. It?s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It?s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.⼆作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One?s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one?s mind + to do）3. I don?t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I?d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I?ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to sing the song.He was let go by the police.to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It?s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的⼈4. the house to be built next year⽐较: the house being built now / build last year注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、⼯具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。

非谓语三种形式的区别和辨析

非谓语动词三‎种形式用法的‎区别：1. 做主语：v-ing & to do 都可以做主语‎，大多数情况两‎者没有区别。

注意：但是v-ed不可以做‎主语。

Explor‎ing the Amazon‎ River deserv‎e s courag‎e. ( doing 表抽象的概念‎)To explor‎e the Amazon‎ River deserv‎e s courag‎e. ( to do 表具体的/将来的动作)其余注意事项‎：1）Seeing‎ is believ‎ing.To see is to believ‎e. (即：主语与表语的‎形式要一致)但是不能说：Seeing‎ is to believ‎e; 或者To see is believ‎ing.2）Lincol‎n said it was not right for the south to break away from the union.Linda said it was nice of you to lend her money.The childr‎e n’s loving‎ nature‎ can surely‎ inspir‎e their love for their family‎member‎s.3) It is no good / no use / useles‎s + doing sth 句型It’s no use crying‎ over spilt milk.4) There is no + doing. 句型There is no knowin‎g what will happen‎ next. 谁也不知道下‎一步会发生什‎么。

There is no tellin‎g w hat will happen‎.谁也无法判断‎、辨别将要发生‎什么。

2. 做表语：My favori‎t e hobby is to collec‎t / collec‎t ing old coins. (一般概念to‎ do/doing 可以互换)Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life. (表具体的/将来的动作用‎t o do)We were all greatl‎y amazed‎ at the childr‎e n’s wonder‎f ul perfor‎m ance.The childr‎e n’s wonder‎f ul perfor‎m a nce was amazin‎g.3. 作宾语：用哪种形式做‎宾语往往跟动‎词的搭配用法‎有关like / love to do & like / love doing;begin / start to do & begin / start doing;prefer‎ t o do & prefer‎ d oing;contin‎u e to do & contin‎u e doing;try to do VS try doing;mean to do VS mean doing;can’t help doing VS can’t help (to) dogo on to do VS go on doing;stop to do VS stop doing;forget‎ to do VS forget‎ doing / forget‎ having‎ doneregret‎ t o do VS regret‎ d oing / regret‎ having‎ done;rememb‎e r to do VS rememb‎e r doing / rememb‎e r having‎ done;sth need doing & sth need to be done (需要)sth requir‎e doing & sth requir‎e to be done (需要)sth want doing & sth want to be done (需要)sth deserv‎e doing & sth deserv‎e to be done (值得)需要注意的重‎要形式：特殊疑问词(how / what / when/ where…) + to do = 宾语从句Hearin‎g the sad news, I didn’t know what to do.= Hearin‎g the sad news, I didn’t know what I could do.I couldn‎’t decide‎w hethe‎r to work anothe‎r year or change‎my job.= I couldn‎’t decide‎w hethe‎r I could work anothe‎r year or change‎ my job.2）it 做形式宾语，to do / doing做‎真正的宾语I though‎ it an honor to have been invite‎d to dinner‎. ( to be invite‎d to dinner‎的完成式) I found it no use attemp‎t ing to lose weight‎ by going on diet.3）I’m lookin‎g forwar‎d to seeing‎ you again.I have no choice‎ but to stay home for anothe‎r hour.I have nothin‎g to do but stay home for anothe‎r hour.I can do nothin‎g but stay home for anothe‎r hour.4. 作宾语补足语‎：（考试重点）I often notice‎a little‎boy pass this corrid‎o r and enter the garden‎.I found a strang‎e r walkin‎g nearby‎ our shop.( doing 强调动作正在‎进行；（看到、注意到）动作的一部分‎)( to do强调动作‎已经完成；（看到、注意到）动作的全过程‎请注意下列句‎子的区别：We heard her singin‎g next door. (听到她唱歌动‎作的一部分；听到她正在唱‎歌) （主动正在进行‎）We heard her sing next door. (听到她唱歌动‎作的全部分；听到她唱过歌‎) （主动完成）We heard the song sung by her. (听到这首歌被‎她唱过) （被动完成）We heard the song being sung by her next door. （听到她这首歌‎正在被她唱）（被动正在进行‎）Don’t have the water runnin‎g all the day. (让…一直做) （主动，一直进行）The teache‎r had him read the text three times. （让...做…）(主动，做具体一件事‎情)I had my hair colore‎d last Friday‎.（让…由别人做；遭遇到不好的‎事情）（被动，有别人完成）注意跟I have a lot of homewo‎rk to do today. (有) 的区别。

高中英语非谓语动词to do(三)

The room was quite dark inside, so he made some candles to give light.（candles做了to give light的动作，是不定式的逻辑主语）注意：1）如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place或way,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。

He had no money and no place to live.2）不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但含义不同。

如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语做的, 不定式用主动语态。

试比较：•Have you anything to send?•Have you anything to be sent?3）不定式作定语多表示将来，而动词-ing形式表示正在进行或用途，过去分词则表示已经完成和被动。

a problem to be discussed tomorrow 明天要讨论的问题a problem being discussed now 现在正讨论的问题a problem discussed for thousands of years 已讨论多年的问题6．作状语A. 作修饰动词的目的状语They ran over to welcome the students.注意：不定式表示目的时前面可以加in order 或so as已示强调。

B. 作修饰动词的结果状语1）不定式作结果状语常表示一种事先没有预料到的情况或结果，放在被修饰动词的后面。

What have I said to make you so angry?2）有时为了进一步加强意料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only。

I went to see him only to find him out.7.动词不定式常用句型：(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事. 例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth。

非谓语动词之3不定式

育才中学
5. Have you anything to send ? Have you anything to be sent ? 当名词与定语有同位关系时。 6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。当名词与定语有同位关系时 We got the order to leave the city. 当名词与定语间有主谓关系时。当名词与定语间有主谓关系时。 We must find a person to do the job. We need someone to go and get a doctor. 当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。 The letter to be written is to my father. I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
育才中学
动词不定式的被动语态用法：＊动词不定式的被动语态用法： What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet. 动词need, require, want 作“需要”解，且其需要” 动词后的动词与主语构成动宾关系时，动词与主语构成动宾关系时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。 The window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned.
育才中学
注意下面句子的演化
I often hear him sing the song. to sing He is often heard ________ the song. sung I often hear the song ________. The song is often heard sung ______. I heard him singing the song just now. singing He was heard _______ the song.

英语语法非谓语动词讲解(3)

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高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词3

高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词基本知识：定义：具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。

形式：动名词→相当于名词不定式→相当于名词、形容词、副词分词→相当于形容词、副词应该注意的地方：1.非谓语动词的否定：not 放在非谓语动词前2.非谓语动词的时态：一般时→表示一般性的动作进行时→表示正在发生的动作完成时→表示的动作发生在谓语动词前动名词的时态：doing / having done不定式的时态：to do / to be doing / to have done现在分词的时态：doing / having done3.非谓语动词的语态：主动被动动名词：being done / having been done不定式：to be done / to have been done现在分词：being done / having been done★过去分词只有一种形式. 本身表示完成和被动。

（1）非谓语动词作主语：Eg: Playing fire is very dangerous. →It is very dangerous to play fire.To give you a hand is my pleasure. →It is my pleasure to give you a hand. it 可以作形式主语（2）非谓语动词作表语：Eg: My job is teaching English.He is teaching English.My purpose is to give you a big surprise.The house is burnt down.Teaching English is my job.（3）非谓语动词作宾语：Eg: I want to become a doctor.He enjoyed living in the countryside.★只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语：mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit, advise, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay, imagine, quit, resist,risk, stand, bear …be used to, look forward to, stick to, lead to，object to, pay attention to, see to, set about，get down to, feel like, be devoted to…★只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：refuse, demand, hope, agree（4）非谓语动词作定语：Eg：the waiting room/ the waiting carthe students attending the meetingthe people invited to the partythe last one to arrivethe letter to be postedthe posted letter动名词表示所修饰名词的功能和用途现在分词和所修饰名词之间是主动关系过去分词和所修饰名词之间是被动关系，表动作完成不定式表示一个尚未发生的动作（5）非谓语动词作补语：Eg: I want you to help me.He rushed away, leaving me standing here shocked.I tried to make myself understood.With so much work to do, I dear not waste any minute.不定式表示尚未发生的动作现在分词表示和宾语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和宾语之间是被动关系（6）非谓语动词作状语：Eg: I got up early to catch the bus.Living in the village, he enjoyed the fresh air.Praised by the teacher, he was proud of his progress made in study. 不定式表示目的或者是出乎意料的结果现在分词表示和句子的主语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和句子的主语之间是被动关系分词作状语，可以表示原因，伴随，方式等等（7）动名词的复合结构：Eg: Do you mind my/me opening the door?Can you imagine his/him becoming a star?The mistake led to our/us ending up in failure.★动名词的复合结构，表示的是动名词动作的发出者即：它的逻辑主语。

线练学校高三英语非谓语动词(三)

一. 教学内容：非谓语动词(三)二. 教学过程：6、动名词与不式作主语、宾语的用法比较1)作主语：(1)多数情况两者可以互换。

例如： Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或者表示将来的行为，用不式。

例如：It took him two hours to finish the work.To be a scientist is his desire (愿望) .(3)如果表示一种时常性、习惯性的行为，普通用动名词。

例如：Getting up early is a good habit.2)作宾语：(1)有些动词跟不式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有： begin, start,continue, love, prefer。

(2)有些动词后只跟不式作宾语，主要有： wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.(3)有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这种词有： finish, imagine, help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can practise, put off(延迟)＝delay, suggest, feel like, look forward to, devote…to(doing) ,be worth.(4)有些动词后跟不式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有： forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on①forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.②remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事③regret to do sth. 遗憾(要)做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事④stop to do sth. 停下(原事)去做某事(不式作目的状语)stop doing sth. 住手做某事⑤mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事⑥try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事⑦want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事want/need/require doing. 需要／想要被……⑧go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点：(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同主语为同一人或者同一事，例如：①(正) Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.(Standing＝When we stood)(误) Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.②(正) Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.(Having found＝After/When they had found)(误) Having found the cause, the experiment continued.(2)短暂动词(即瞬间动词)的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或者语。