非谓语动词三

☆ the gerund has the characters of noun，it can
be modified with articles, adjectives, and this, some, my etc.
E.g. You should give the room a good cleaning. This evening I think I’ll do some reading. Early rising is good for health.
II. The syntax function of the gerund：
1. As subject：
E.g. Traveling takes less time than it used to be.
Smoking is harmful to people’s health. Trans: 照顾好这些婴儿是他们的工作。 Taking good care of these babies is their work. 他到这里来是我们的荣耀。
☆ difference：动名词作表语表示一般的，经常性的动 作；不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
E.g. Her job is teaching.
Your task today is to finish the exercise.
3. As object：some verbs can only be followed with the gerund as their object.
Negative form:
not + gerund
☆ the tenses of the gerund: A. simple tense: doing We enjoy watching football. We object to attending the lecture.
B. perfect tense: having done
Verb filling
found crying 1. Dusk ________(find) Lily ________ (cry) in the street because of hunger. 2. Mike works at a garage and so spends much lying time ________ (lie) under motorcars. being asked 3. “A party!” she cried, “ I love ____________ (ask) to parties. 4. Be careful while crossing the street. Don’t being knocked forget _____________ (knock) over by a bike last week.
His coming here will be a great honour to us.
☆ 动名词作主语表示一般的或抽象的，习惯性的多次 行为，一般不与特定的执行者有关系。不定式作主 语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
E.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. It is unsuitable to go swimming this afternoon.
6. go + the gerund，大部分是由于表示文艺体育活动 的习惯用语。
E.g. go b百度文库ating, go bowling, go camping
7.动名词的复合结构：
名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合 结构，在句中多作主语或宾语。 E.g. My sister’s being ill made us worried. His coming here is a great honour to us. Would you mind my using your pen? I don’t like your saying that.
区别：动名词作定语，说明名词的用途；现在分词作定 语，表示所修饰人或物的动作。
E.g. a swimming pool C.f. a swimming boy a waiting room C.f. a waiting car 5. No + the gerund，构成动名词的惯用语，多用于表 示简短的禁令或禁律。 E.g. No smoking at school, please. / No spitting.
give up, put off, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, insist on, have fun/a good time/trouble/difficulty, etc. ☆ need, want, require, deserve, be worth 等词后的 –ing分词，作宾语常表示被动意义：<+doing / to be done> （主动形式表被动意义） E.g. The room needs cleaning. ☆ the gerund VS the infinitive. (1) like, prefer, love, hate I like reading, but I don’t like to read now.
I regret missing the chance.( = having missed … ) I regret to tell you that I can’t help you. telling / having told I regret ___________________(tell) her the bad news. Now she is sad all day.
Grammar
S2-W3
By Lily
The Gerund (动名词)
The gerund = V + ing The gerund = verb form but noun function I. The forms of the gerund（eg: do）
Active Simple perfect doing having done Passive being done having been done
its own object, predicative and adverbial modifier; it can also have perfect tense and passive voice etc., and it can be modified with adverb.
E.g. Working so hard will produce good results. I don’t like being treated like that.
(8) try Try to get there early. Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 4. As attribute (the gerund VS the present participle)
sentence: It is fun / no use/ no good/ not any
use/ not any good/ a waste of time doing sth. E.g. It is no good / use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Trans: 在湖上划船很有乐趣。 It is fun boating on the lake. 2. As predicative： E.g. My hobby is raising flowers. Seeing is believing. (= To see is to believe.)
(2) stop
They stopped talking. / They stopped to talk.
(3) go on Let’s go on reading the text. Let’s go on to read the text. (4) remember I remember seeing her somewhere last year. I should remember to see her before she leaves. (5) forget I shall never forget visiting New York in 1988. He had forgotten to take his umbrella and he was wet through. (6) regret
E.g. He was praised for having saved the drowning man. ☆ the passive voice of the gerund:
A. Simple: being done B. perfect: having been done
E.g. He came in without being asked.
(7) mean
Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you. If you don’t work hard here, it means wasting time and money. If you mean _____ more, that means ____overtime. D A. being paid…working B. being paid…to work C. to be paid…to work D. to be paid…working
5.I’ll consider ______(see) Mr. Bush at the office seeing this afternoon, but I’m not sure if I have the time. 6. If no one answer the front door, why not knocking try___________ (knock) at the back door. 7. I really regret __________ (waste) so much wasting time_________ (play) TV-video games. playing 8. He didn’t feel well and suggested being given ____________(give) a good medical examination. 9.Football seems ________ ( excite) to most of exciting the boy. feeling 10. I can’t help ______ ( feel) anxious about his health.
I don’t remember having been given such a large sum of money.
II. The particularity of the gerund： ☆ the gerund has the characters of verb, it can have
Remember: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand, etc. Remember: devote to, look forward to, stick to, be/get used to, object to, be worth …, pay attention to, stick to, be proud of, be fond of, prevent…from, succeed in, be responsible for,