非谓语动词3

语法知识概述

1.不定式和–ing形式作主语的区别

Reading English novels is really great fun.

(表一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，已经完成了的动作，不是指某一次的动作)

To read English novels this evening will take most of my time. (具体的第一次行为或将来的动作)

2.主语，表语要同型

Saying is believing. 眼见为实。

To see is to believe.

3.不定式、–ing形式作主语时可有自己的逻辑主语

不定式的逻辑主语是for/of+名词/宾语/代词

–ing 的逻辑主语是名词所有格/形容词性物主代词

1)It is easy for me to answer that questionit

2)The students’ knowing English well helped them in learning French.

用不定式做主语的句型有：

常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

常见形容词It is/was difficult/easy for her to do it.

It is /was necessary/ important for us to do that.

It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

常见形容词:It is/was cleve/ kind/ wise of them to do it .

It is/was stupid / silly /foolish of them to do it.

It is/was rude / impolite / cruel of them to do it.

It is/was careless / crazy of them to do it.

=They are crazy to do it.

用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good doing sth.

It’s no use doing sth.

It’s no fun doing sth.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth.

It’s worth doing sth.

It is fun talking with a foreign teacher.

跟外教谈话真有趣。

4.句型“There be no＋”常用–ing作主语，不带逻辑主语。There is no parking around here.

There is no telling what will happen.

5.不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

My purpose/ idea /plan / job is to teach them a lesson.

(说明主语的内容,将要做的事)

Her job is cleaning offices.(主语内容的解释，抽象的行为。) The news is exciting/ annoying /amazing.(主语的性质,特征和状态，令人……)

We are excited/ frightened/ frightened.(感到……的)

不定式与动名词做宾语：

6.在下列动词后用不定式做宾语：

口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设想愿假设。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine,learn,want/expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care pretend,offer,promise ,choose,plan ,agree ,ask , help,

(pretend, happen, long, fail, order, beg)

7.在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

口诀：虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得到，

避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider/ suggest/advise ,look forward to doing sth,excuse/pardon 原谅admit承认delay/put off推迟fancy想象设想avoid避免miss错过keep 继续practise练习deny 否认finish完成enjoy/appreciate欣赏forbid禁止imagine想象risk冒险can’t help 不禁mind介意allow/permit h准许escape逃亡

短语: be busy, be worth, burst o ut, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in , be engaged in , persist in , insist on,be fond of ,dream of,prevent…(from), keep…from,stop…(from), protect…from…, set about , spend/waste…(in)后接动名词

注意be/get used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to后接动名词

8.begin/start可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区

别不大。如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start.

I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.

注意：三种情况下,接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时

(like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc)

1)When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

2)After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was

wrong.

9.动词后接不定式和动名词含义不同

remember to do sth 记住要做某事

remember doing sth 记得曾经做某事

forget to do sth 忘记去做某事

forget doing sth 忘记已经做某事

regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事=be sorry

regret doing sth 后悔做某事

stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

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