非谓语动词3

语法知识概述1.不定式和–ing形式作主语的区别Reading English novels is really great fun.(表一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，已经完成了的动作，不是指某一次的动作)To read English novels this evening will take most of my time. (具体的第一次行为或将来的动作)2.主语，表语要同型Saying is believing. 眼见为实。

To see is to believe.3.不定式、–ing形式作主语时可有自己的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语是for/of+名词/宾语/代词–ing 的逻辑主语是名词所有格/形容词性物主代词1)It is easy for me to answer that questionit2)The students’ knowing English well helped them in learning French.用不定式做主语的句型有：常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.常见形容词It is/was difficult/easy for her to do it.It is /was necessary/ important for us to do that.It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.常见形容词:It is/was cleve/ kind/ wise of them to do it .It is/was stupid / silly /foolish of them to do it.It is/was rude / impolite / cruel of them to do it.It is/was careless / crazy of them to do it.=They are crazy to do it.用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good doing sth.It’s no use doing sth.It’s no fun doing sth.It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth.It’s worth doing sth.It is fun talking with a foreign teacher.跟外教谈话真有趣。

4.句型“There be no＋”常用–ing作主语，不带逻辑主语。

There is no parking around here.There is no telling what will happen.5.不定式、动名词、分词做表语：My purpose/ idea /plan / job is to teach them a lesson.(说明主语的内容,将要做的事)Her job is cleaning offices.(主语内容的解释，抽象的行为。

) The news is exciting/ annoying /amazing.(主语的性质,特征和状态，令人……)We are excited/ frightened/ frightened.(感到……的)不定式与动名词做宾语：6.在下列动词后用不定式做宾语：口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设想愿假设。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine,learn,want/expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care pretend,offer,promise ,choose,plan ,agree ,ask , help,(pretend, happen, long, fail, order, beg)7.在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：口诀：虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得到，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider/ suggest/advise ,look forward to doing sth,excuse/pardon 原谅admit承认delay/put off推迟fancy想象设想avoid避免miss错过keep 继续practise练习deny 否认finish完成enjoy/appreciate欣赏forbid禁止imagine想象risk冒险can’t help 不禁mind介意allow/permit h准许escape逃亡短语: be busy, be worth, burst o ut, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in , be engaged in , persist in , insist on,be fond of ,dream of,prevent…(from), keep…from,stop…(from), protect…from…, set about , spend/waste…(in)后接动名词注意be/get used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to后接动名词8.begin/start可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。

如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start.I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.注意：三种情况下,接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc)1)When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.2)After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I waswrong.9.动词后接不定式和动名词含义不同remember to do sth 记住要做某事remember doing sth 记得曾经做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事forget doing sth 忘记已经做某事regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事=be sorryregret doing sth 后悔做某事stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth 停止做某事3try to do，努力做某事try doing：尝试着做某事mean to do=want to do打算做某事mean doing：意味着做某事go on to do sth (做完某事)接着做另一件事go on doing sth=go on with sth继续做同一件事1)Don't forget to write to me soon.2)I regret to say I can't take your advice.10.接动名词表示被动意义，表示"需要、该……"need doing sth=need to be donewant doing sth=want to be donerequire doing sth=require to be done1)The room wants cleaning.=to be cleaned.2)The bike requires repairing=to be repaired.11.当不定式、-ing形式作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时，一般采用it作形式宾语，而把不定式或动名词放在补足语之后。

如：He thought it an honour to have been invited to dinner.I feel it my duty to help out anyone in trouble.12.注意区别advise/ allow/ permit/ forbid doing sthadvise /allow/permit/forbidsb sb to do sth1）Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.2)The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.不定式与动名词做宾语补足语：13.注意补语形式(1)see+宾语+do 看见宾语做……了(2)see+宾语+doing 看见宾语正在做(3)see+宾语+being done 看见宾语正在被做(4)see+宾语+ done 看见宾语被做，不及物表状态(感官动词：see/watch/observe/look at/hear/listen to/notice注意谓语是被动做主语补语不省略to)1)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.2)I’d like to see the plan carr ied out.3)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.4)Somebody was heard to come up the stairs.14.使役动词(1)let+宾语+do 让宾语做.....(2)let+宾语+done 让宾语被做.....1)Don’t let him play with matches.2)Let the work be done immediately.(1)have+宾语+do+sth 使/让/叫某人做某事(2)have+宾语+doing sth 使/让宾语持续地做,容忍(3) have+宾语+done 让别人做某事，遭受......(注意使役动词let have make 是被动不省略tohave sb do sth=get sb to do sth)1)Mother had me go to the shop an buy some salt.2)The captain had the soldiers moving toward the front.3)I wo n’t have you speaking to your mother like that.4)I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.5)Tom had his leg broken while playing football.15.动词接不定式做补语：advise sb to do sth allow sb to do sthask sb to do sth beg sb to do sth(cause,encorage,expect,forbid,force,get,intent,invite,like,love,order, persude,prefer,require,teach,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,think,wait for,call on,depend on)16.下列结构不定式做主语补语:It is/was said/believed/reported/thought that=sb is/was said to do /to have done/to be done/to have been doneIt is said that he has gone abroad.=He is said to have gone abroad.不定式和分词做定语：、17.注意不定式动词的及物与不及物1)The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.2)He had no money and no place to live( in).(time ,place,way后介词可省略)2)He found a book to read.3)Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon?4)Have you found a knife to cut with?18.注意不定式动词的主动与被动：1)Have you got anything to send?(不定式执行者是你)2) Have you got anything to be sent? (不定式执行者是我或别人)3)There is a lot of work to do .(强调人完成)4)There is a lot of work to be done .(强调事情本身被完成)19.分词做定语1)The question being discussed at the meeting is important. .(进行，被动)2)The question discussed at the meeting is important. (被动，完成)3)The question to be discussed at tomorrow meeting is important.(被动，将来)4)I have never seen a more moving movie. (主动，特点)20.注意短语：falling leaves developing countries a puzzling expressionfallen leaves developing countries a puzzled expression321.不定式做状语1)He came here to/in order to/ so as to see me.(目的)2)He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(意外，事与愿违的结果)3)To look at him, you would like him.(条件)4)I am very glad to see you.(与喜怒哀乐形容词连用)22.不定式做状语主动表被动1)This book is difficult to understand.2)This kind of fish is nice to eat.3)English is easy to learn.23.句型Sb is old/ clever/ stupid enough to do sthSb /sth is too tired /heavy/easy excited to do sth1)He is old enough to go school.2)She is too tired to do the job.24.分词做状语1．明概念表示意思：现在分词=主动和正在进行过去分词=被动和完成2．找逻辑分词和句子主语之间的逻辑关系，主动关系=现在分词，被动关系=过去分词。