六级君翻译讲义

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

六级翻译技巧讲解-1

课程提要

Ø翻译题型简介

Ø翻译解题步骤

Ø翻译基本技巧

Ø基本注意事项

六级翻译题型介绍

内容:

中国的历史、文化、经济、社会

篇幅:

六级为180—200个汉字;

重点考点:

从句,非谓语动词

翻译做题步骤:

1、通读原文,确定时态

2、寻找主干,确定句型

3、核对信息,避免遗漏

汉译英的基本技巧

1. 增词

1)增背景知识

三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮

Three cobblers with their wits combined

equal Zhuge Liang, a mastermind.

2)增连词

虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

3)增概括性词

【例题】北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。

Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace etc. 为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。

It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.

4)增形式主语

中文的无主句在翻译时候

要适当的加上

形式主语或there be 句型

【例】保护我们赖以生存的环境至关重要。

It is essential to protect the environment we are living in.

2. 减词:

1)减少虚词

中文中有很多量词、助词和语气词

量词:两张桌子 two desks

动量词:歇一会儿 take a rest 助词:那个录像我看过了。

I've seen that video show.

副词:那些样品很有用。

The samples are useful.

2) 虚词的综合减法:

例:对也罢错也罢,当妈的总是向着儿子

Mother is always on the side of her son, right or wrong.

3)复数减词

一些广告公司 advertisers

许多大学生 college students

种种制度 systems

东部各州 the eastern states

这些外宾the foreign guests

约翰逊一家 the Johnsons

4)减少概括词

【例】全球化肯定会损害发展中国家的穷人的利益。Globalization will sure hurt the poor in developing countries.

【例】中美两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技等领域的交往成倍地增加了。

Sino-America links have multiplied in politics, commerce, education, culture, defense and technology.

5) 减少适当的重复

英语为了避免重复,往往使用一些代词或其他手段来代替前面所提到的人、物或动作。

【例】你什么时候有空,就什么时候来我办公室。Come to my office whenever you are free.

【例】如果你自认为打败了,你就真的给打败了。

If you think you are beaten, you are.

3. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译)

1) 合译:

多个杂碎的汉语句子可以合译为英语的单句,使译文紧凑、简练。

母亲在谈到她的孩子时,也许有自豪感,这是可以理解的。( 形容词)

The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child .

夜里冷风飕飕,那是十一月初,天下起了毛毛细雨,令我倍加难受.(名词)

The night was chilly—it was early November. A light drizzle added to my discomfort.

因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。(名词短语)

His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery .

那个声音响个不停,我几乎没法工作。

I can hardly work with that noise going on.

她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。(不定式短语)

She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.

2)分译:

长句会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,所以采用分译使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。

4. 语序变化

确定主语,调整语序

【例】众所周知,中国在2003年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。

As is known to all, 2003 saw/ witnessed the successful launching of China’s first manned spaceship.

昨晚在晚会上演奏莫扎特作品的是珍妮。

It was Jane who played Mozart at the party last night .

定语的顺序变化

前置定语:

形容词、名词

后置定语:

-Ing短语、-ed短语、 to短语、介词短语、形容词短语、定语从句。

It is a cat .

It is a cat that killed rats.

It is a cat that killed rats that ate malts.

It is a cat that killed rats that ate malts that lay in the house.

It is a cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack.

英语顺线性延伸

好好的

照顾的好好的

把一切照顾的好好的

竟然把一切照顾的好好的

他竟然把一切照顾的好好的

没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的

的确没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的

她的确没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的

汉语是逆线性延伸

例如:

Most of the people singing are the students.What’s the language spoken in thatarea?

I have a lot of work to do today.

People in the world play basketball.

5. 词性变化

例句:可以十点完成么?Is it possible to finish it by 10?

Is there any possibility for finishing it by 10? Can we possibly finish it by 10?

翻译注意事项

注意一:中文“逗号”信息处理:

•非谓语动词结构,

•介词短语结构,

•定语从句结构,

•分词作状语结构;

• And 从句

例如:

京剧中的其中一角色是生,代表着正义男英雄。

Sheng is one of the roles in Peking Opera, which symbolizes a male positive hero.

或Sheng is one of the roles in Peking Opera, symbolizing symbolizes a male positive hero.

注意二:无主语句的处理方式:

• there be句型

•被动语态

•形式主语(It is + adj+ to do…)无主句的例句:

下雨了

花园里种了很多花

教室有很多人

据说他是骗子

没有安定的政治环境,干什么都不成

译文:Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.

例题:现在必须采取措施来保护环境。

1) It is essential to adopt measures to protect the environment

2) There is necessity to adopt measures to protect the environment.

3) Measures should be taken to protect the environment.

4)It is high time that we protected the environment. 虚拟语气

注意三:英语多变化,汉语多重复

我们的社会是一个和谐的社会,

家家户户都会进行大扫除……

方法:

代词替代/动词替代/分词替代/省略

代词替代

我们的民族不再是一个被人们侮辱的民族Our nation is no longer one subject to insult and humiliation.

我们提倡和平共处的原则,这项原则目前在世界上已经越来越得人心。

相关文档
最新文档