论柴油机活塞环常见故障的分析及处理

柴油机活塞环常见故障的分析及处理

[摘要]活塞环和活塞、缸套、缸盖组成燃烧室，是柴油机燃烧室的重要部分之一。具有保持活塞与气缸套之间的有效密封作用和将活塞热量传递给气缸壁的散热作用，以及调节气缸润滑的作用。活塞环又是柴油机的易损零件，主要损坏形式有：过度磨损、折断、粘着、弹力丧失等。活塞环的工作性能直接影响汽缸和柴油机的工作性能。因为活塞环为易损件，船舶上损坏后一般采用换新处理，所以轮机员应注意活塞环的检修和日常维护管理工作。本文结合活塞环的具体实例，阐述了活塞环产生故障的原因和影响因素，以及处理方法，并对其日常运行提出了切实可行的管理建议。

[关键词] 活塞环；搭口间隙；损坏；维护管理

Marine Diesel Engine Piston Ring Common Failure of Analysis

and Treatment

[Abstract]The combustion chamber is made up of piston rings,pistons, cylinder and cylinder head .Piston ring is an significant part of combustion chamber. With the pistons and cylinder liner to maintain an effective seal between the piston and cylinder liner .The heat will be transmitted to the piston cylinder wall, and adjust the role of the cylinder lubrication. Piston ring is also vulnerable parts of the engine, the main form of damage: excessive wear, broken, adhesion, such as loss of elasticity。Piston ring direct impact on the performance of diesel engine cylinder and the work performance. Because the piston rings for wearing parts, the damage to the ship after the general use of replacement treatment, the Engineer of the ship should pay attention to routine maintenance and overhaul management. This paper combine the specific example of a piston ring on the failure of the causes and effects of factors, and treatment methods and their practical day-to-day operation of the proposed management proposals.

[Key words] Piston rings;Interface gap;Damage;Maintaining managemant

目录

0 引言-------------------------------------------------------------------1

1 活塞环概况-------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1 压缩环(气环)------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 油环--------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 承磨环------------------------------------------------------------2

2 活塞环的主要故障-------------------------------------------------------2

3 活塞环的故障分析-------------------------------------------------------3

3.1 活塞环和缸套配合状况---------------------------------------------3

3.2 活塞环搭口间隙的影响---------------------------------------------3

3.3 活塞环与气缸套润滑状况-------------------------------------------4

3.4 活塞环和环槽配合状况---------------------------------------------4

3.5 油料的影响-------------------------------------------------------5

3.6 管理不当造成的影响-----------------------------------------------5

4 断环现象分析及处理措施-------------------------------------------------6

4.1 断环后的工作征状--------------------------------------------------6

4.2 断环判断和检查----------------------------------------------------6