2.词义的引申
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
6
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
2. 将词义具体化
英语擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物，抽象思维比较突出；汉语更倾向 于运用形象的方法表达抽象的概念。在翻译过程中，可以把根据语境 英语的某些抽象词作具体化引申。例： 1) transportation 运输——运输工具 2) advertisement 广告——广告资料 3) translation 翻译——翻译作品
4) committee 委员会——委员会成员
5) class 班级——全班学生 6) press 出版——出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社 7) very timid 非常胆小——胆小如鼠 8) very strong 非常强壮——壮如牛 9) be full of anxiety and worry 十分挂念——牵肠挂肚
2
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 5) I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure. 我一定要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。 6) By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband. 她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。 7) Life is full of smiles and tears. 生活充满了欢乐和悲哀。 8) If neighbors have changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have the same parts. (Unit I, Book I) 如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变，街坊里该有什么还会有。 9) Writing the book brought the two closer, healing the father’s traumas and patching up their relationship. 这部书的写作拉近了他俩的距离，治愈了父亲的创伤，并弥合了父 女间的裂痕。
7
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 10) do evil things openly 毫不隐讳地干坏事——明火执仗 11) very anxious to return home 回家心切——归心似箭 12) accelerate the speed; speed up 快上加快——快马加鞭 13) have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系——藕 断丝连 14) family 家庭——家庭成员 15) I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. (Unit 4, Book I) 我抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。 16) Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Unit 4, Book I) 兴许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。 17) The corrections were marked in red. 修改的地方都用红笔标出。 18) Be honest about yourself, and you won’t go wrong. (Unit 3, Book I) 对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。
2. 词义的引申
英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典
词 义 的 引 申
的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使 译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时 应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义 出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的 汉语词语来表达，从而消除或降低语言差异给翻 译带来的损失，使译文与原文有同样的效果。
Байду номын сангаас
8
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 19) All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 20) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. 对他在工作中表现出的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。 21) Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 她的嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。 22) Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall. 她的冷漠态度把所有参观者挡在展览馆门外。 23) The crime sent him into notoriety. 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地。 24) There had been too much violence in that region. 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。 25) John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 约翰那种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。
10
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 34) 坚决反对 put one’s foot down; set one’s face against 35) 结为良缘 win the hand of 36) 截然不同 oil and vinegar 37) 家丑 a skeleton in the cupboard; a family skeleton 38) 觉得可疑 smell a rat 39) 鲁莽的人 a bull in a china shop 40) 告发 put the finger on 41) 恻隐之心 the milk of human kindness 42) 他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle every day. 43) 他新雇来的女佣人懒的出奇，饭量倒是很大，真是一个无用而又 累赘的东西。 His newly employed woman servant was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.
4
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 24）谦虚态度 modesty 25）发展过程 development 26）稳定性stability 27）灵敏度 sensibility 28）无知的表现 innocence 29）残暴行为 brutality 30）同情心理 sympathy 31）鸡毛蒜皮 trifling 32）狗急跳墙 do sth desperate 33）顺手牵羊 walk off with sth 34）守株待兔 trust to chance and stroke of luck 35）单枪匹马 all by oneself 36）生龙活虎 bursting with energy 37）开门见山 come straight to the point
5
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 38）那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。 That young man has great courage, indeed! 39）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in it? 40）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I was extremely terrified by that news. 41）他万万没有想到在他前进的道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 42）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 43）我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。 Let’s go straight ahead. Don’t be wavering.
2
1
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
1. 将词义抽象化 英语中用表示具体形象的词或短语来表示某种特性、事 物、概念等，翻译此类词时，可将其作抽象化的引申，使译 文流畅。例：
1) I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。 2) The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swords’ points on the matter of abortion. 在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的，但在人工流产问题上， 她们是有激烈的争执的。 3) He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。 4) I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad! 我一定要向人讲真心话，否则我会发疯的。
9
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 26) How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way someone looked or acted? (Unit 3, Book I) 向你介绍别人时，有多少次是由于你在注意这个人的长相和动作而 没能记住他的名字？ 27) Someone else may worry about the sun and the soil and the possibility of frost, but for both young plants and freshmen it is enough to be alive and here. (Unit 4, Book I) 也许有人会担心阳光是否充足，土壤是否肥沃，霜冻是否降临，但 是对幼苗和大学新生来说，能够存活，能够跨进大学的校门，就足够 了。 28) 大吵大闹 raise the roof 29) 公开认错 stand in a white sheet 30) 有花不完的钱 have enough money to burn 31) 话中有话 with the tongue in the cheek 32) 获得全胜 sweep the board 33) 机敏 keep one’s eyes on the ball
3
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 10) make fish of one and flesh of another 厚此薄彼 11) keep sth. under one’s hat 保密 12) be in sb.’s pocket 被某人操纵 13) wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve 表露感情 14) eat like a bird 吃的极少 15) jump out of one’s skin 大吃一惊 16) walk on air 洋洋得意 17) mend one’s fence 改善关系 18) poke one’s nose into sth. 干涉 19) get the green light 得到许可 20) break the ice 打破僵局 21) put one’s cards on the table 表明观点 22) get cold feet 胆怯 23) eat one’s heart out 极度悲痛
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
2. 将词义具体化
英语擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物，抽象思维比较突出；汉语更倾向 于运用形象的方法表达抽象的概念。在翻译过程中，可以把根据语境 英语的某些抽象词作具体化引申。例： 1) transportation 运输——运输工具 2) advertisement 广告——广告资料 3) translation 翻译——翻译作品
4) committee 委员会——委员会成员
5) class 班级——全班学生 6) press 出版——出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社 7) very timid 非常胆小——胆小如鼠 8) very strong 非常强壮——壮如牛 9) be full of anxiety and worry 十分挂念——牵肠挂肚
2
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 5) I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure. 我一定要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。 6) By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband. 她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。 7) Life is full of smiles and tears. 生活充满了欢乐和悲哀。 8) If neighbors have changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have the same parts. (Unit I, Book I) 如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变，街坊里该有什么还会有。 9) Writing the book brought the two closer, healing the father’s traumas and patching up their relationship. 这部书的写作拉近了他俩的距离，治愈了父亲的创伤，并弥合了父 女间的裂痕。
7
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 10) do evil things openly 毫不隐讳地干坏事——明火执仗 11) very anxious to return home 回家心切——归心似箭 12) accelerate the speed; speed up 快上加快——快马加鞭 13) have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系——藕 断丝连 14) family 家庭——家庭成员 15) I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. (Unit 4, Book I) 我抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。 16) Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Unit 4, Book I) 兴许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。 17) The corrections were marked in red. 修改的地方都用红笔标出。 18) Be honest about yourself, and you won’t go wrong. (Unit 3, Book I) 对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。
2. 词义的引申
英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典
词 义 的 引 申
的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使 译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时 应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义 出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的 汉语词语来表达，从而消除或降低语言差异给翻 译带来的损失，使译文与原文有同样的效果。
Байду номын сангаас
8
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 19) All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 20) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. 对他在工作中表现出的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。 21) Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 她的嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。 22) Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall. 她的冷漠态度把所有参观者挡在展览馆门外。 23) The crime sent him into notoriety. 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地。 24) There had been too much violence in that region. 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。 25) John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 约翰那种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。
10
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 34) 坚决反对 put one’s foot down; set one’s face against 35) 结为良缘 win the hand of 36) 截然不同 oil and vinegar 37) 家丑 a skeleton in the cupboard; a family skeleton 38) 觉得可疑 smell a rat 39) 鲁莽的人 a bull in a china shop 40) 告发 put the finger on 41) 恻隐之心 the milk of human kindness 42) 他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle every day. 43) 他新雇来的女佣人懒的出奇，饭量倒是很大，真是一个无用而又 累赘的东西。 His newly employed woman servant was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.
4
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 24）谦虚态度 modesty 25）发展过程 development 26）稳定性stability 27）灵敏度 sensibility 28）无知的表现 innocence 29）残暴行为 brutality 30）同情心理 sympathy 31）鸡毛蒜皮 trifling 32）狗急跳墙 do sth desperate 33）顺手牵羊 walk off with sth 34）守株待兔 trust to chance and stroke of luck 35）单枪匹马 all by oneself 36）生龙活虎 bursting with energy 37）开门见山 come straight to the point
5
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 38）那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。 That young man has great courage, indeed! 39）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in it? 40）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I was extremely terrified by that news. 41）他万万没有想到在他前进的道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 42）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 43）我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。 Let’s go straight ahead. Don’t be wavering.
2
1
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
1. 将词义抽象化 英语中用表示具体形象的词或短语来表示某种特性、事 物、概念等，翻译此类词时，可将其作抽象化的引申，使译 文流畅。例：
1) I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。 2) The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swords’ points on the matter of abortion. 在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的，但在人工流产问题上， 她们是有激烈的争执的。 3) He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。 4) I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad! 我一定要向人讲真心话，否则我会发疯的。
9
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化 26) How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way someone looked or acted? (Unit 3, Book I) 向你介绍别人时，有多少次是由于你在注意这个人的长相和动作而 没能记住他的名字？ 27) Someone else may worry about the sun and the soil and the possibility of frost, but for both young plants and freshmen it is enough to be alive and here. (Unit 4, Book I) 也许有人会担心阳光是否充足，土壤是否肥沃，霜冻是否降临，但 是对幼苗和大学新生来说，能够存活，能够跨进大学的校门，就足够 了。 28) 大吵大闹 raise the roof 29) 公开认错 stand in a white sheet 30) 有花不完的钱 have enough money to burn 31) 话中有话 with the tongue in the cheek 32) 获得全胜 sweep the board 33) 机敏 keep one’s eyes on the ball
3
2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化 10) make fish of one and flesh of another 厚此薄彼 11) keep sth. under one’s hat 保密 12) be in sb.’s pocket 被某人操纵 13) wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve 表露感情 14) eat like a bird 吃的极少 15) jump out of one’s skin 大吃一惊 16) walk on air 洋洋得意 17) mend one’s fence 改善关系 18) poke one’s nose into sth. 干涉 19) get the green light 得到许可 20) break the ice 打破僵局 21) put one’s cards on the table 表明观点 22) get cold feet 胆怯 23) eat one’s heart out 极度悲痛