医学英语构词

医学英语构词

Medical English Word Building

一、引言

观察(observation)、想象(imagination)、记忆(memory)：

re-cover → recovery / dis-cover → discovery

↑

overcome, overdue... (>100)←over→cover →cover-age

↓↓

overt covert

refer-ee reverence (敬畏) → revere → severe → sever→ severance ↑↑

refer（参考、查询）→ reference → referable/referential →referral (转诊、会诊) ↓

pre-fer → preference → preferable / preferential (优惠的)

二、基本构词法

1．复合(compounding):

●tetra (四) + cycle (环) + in (素) → tetracycline 四环素

●cycle + spore (孢子) + in → cyclosporine 环孢菌素

●psychosocioeconomic

2．前后缀(prefix & suffix )

●tension →hypo(低)-tension /hyper (高)-tension / anti

(抗)-hypertensive

●plate + let (小) = platelet / drop+let = droplet / leaf + let = leaflet /

island + let = islet (小岛细胞)

●pest+cide =pesticide / insect + cide = insecticide / virus + cide =

virocide

3. 缩略语(abbreviation)

●首写缩略(initials)：OCT (over-the-counter) / AIDS (acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome) / SARS (severe acute respiratory

syndrome)

●压缩(reduction)：acupuncture (acupte + puncture) / silastic (silicon +

eleastic) (硅胶的) / medicare (medical + care) (美) 老年医疗保险/

medicaid (medical + aid) (美)穷人/残疾人医疗保险

4. 专用名词(special terms)

●人名 : Parkinson’s disease / Alzheimer’s disease / Doppler

●地名 : Mediteranian anemia (地中海贫血)

●商品名 : dextrose (葡萄糖盐水)

5. 拉丁/希腊语

●医学术语的三源性：

英语拉丁语希腊语血管：vessel vaso- angio-

脉搏：pulse pulsus sphygm- From 400 to 40,000

1）构词三要素：前缀+ 词根+ 后缀

osteo (骨) + pore (小孔) + sis (病态) → osteoporosis ( ? )

前缀连接

元音

O 词根连接

元音

O

后缀单词

1 o 2

electr 电o cardi

心

o Graphy

方法

Graph

机器

gram

图像

elctrocardiograph

y

electrocardiograp

h

electrocardiogra

m

endo 内gastr

胃

o scope

scopy

scopic

endograstroscope

endogastroscopy

endogastroscopic

endo cardi itis

炎症endocarditis carditis gastritis gastrocardiac

a 无/不granul

颗粒

o cyt

细胞

o peni

a

减

少

agranulocytopeni

a

erythrocytopenia

leukocytopenia

thrombocytopeni

a

lyphocytopenia

pancytopenias

2）医学常用前后缀示例

Table 1 Examples of organs and systems （部分器官与系统术语）中文普通前/后缀形容词示例

心heart Cardio Cardiac

cardial cardiology endocarditis myocarditis

脑brain cerebro

encephal

o

cranio Cerebral

cranial

cerebrum

cerebellum

encephalopathy

intracranial