句子成分与结构

句子成分与结构
一、句子成分
***句子七种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。

（先找谓语）
一、主语：
Walls have ears. 名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe. to do 不定式
Smo king is not allowed in public places. 动名词
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 主语从句
二、谓语：
●1、简单谓语：由简单动词或短语动词构成。

●He reads English every morning.
●The plane took off at ten o’clock.
●2、复合谓语：
●（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的适当形式构成。

●Y ou may keep the book for two weeks.
●He has caught a bad cold. 无意义
●（2）由系动词加表语构成。

We are students.
*系动词：
1、状态be
2、持续keep、remain、stay（保持）
3、表象seem、appear ——似乎
4、感官feel、smell、sound、taste、look
5、变化become、grow、turn、fall、get、go（+不好的，eg.变疯变坏）
6、证明是、结果是prove、turn out
三、表语（系动词/连系动词之后）
●My father is a professor.名词
●Who's that? It's me.代词（双宾）
●Everything here is expensive.形容词
●The match became very exciting.形容词短语
●The story of my life may be of help to others 介词短语
●Three times five is fifteen.数词
●His plan is to seek work in the city. To do 不定式
●My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.表语从句
四、宾语（动宾、介宾）
1、V/+to do (want, wish, hope,, promise, decide, agree)
2/V-ing (enjoy、finish、mind、practice、miss、suggest、keep)
●She covered her face with her hands. 名词
●We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词
●Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
●Give me four please. 代词和数词
●He wants to dream a nice dream to to 不定式
●We need know what others are doing. 表语从句
●We should care more about our friends 介词+名词
*双宾：
1、间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。

这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给
某人某物”等意思。

give(给某人…) bring(带给某人…) tell(告诉某人..)
send(送给某人…) leave(留给某人…)pass(递给某人…)
read(给某人读…) write(给某人写…) take(给某人拿…)
show(给某人看）teach(教某人…) get(给某人弄到…)
lend(借给某人…) pay(支付某人…) hand(递某人…）
buy(给某人买…）offer(提供某人…)
eg.请把这本词典递给他。

Pass him the dictionary please.
2、若直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词for或to.
我把单车借给了他。

I lent him my bike.= I lent my bike to him.
小明的爸爸给小明买了一辆单车。

XiaoMing’s Dad bought a bike for XiaoMing
五、定语（修饰名词，通常单词位于名词前，短语从句位于名词后）
●They are woman workers. 名词
●Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
●Mary is a beautiful girl.. 形容词
●The play has three acts. 数词
●This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词物主代词/序数词/to do不定式
●China is a developing country. 现在分词doing
●I have nothing to eat. To do 不定式
●Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 定语从句
●All students in this classroom are girls. 介词短语
六、状语（地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随）
●The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点
●I left the village five years ago. 时间
●I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因
●We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的
●The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones结果
●The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.伴随
●If he goes, so will I . 条件（两个状态并列）
●Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步（虽然……但是……）七、宾语补足语（有些及物动词+宾补，句子才完整）
●They elected me captain of the team. 名词
●We try to make our country strong. 形容词
●We found everything in good order there. 介词短语
●I should advise you to get the chance. To do 不定式
●I saw him going upstairs. 现在分词doing
●They found the house broken in. done过去分词
那些及物动词就是：
●feel(感觉到) find(发现) get(使得) have(使，让) make(使)
let(使) hear(听到) see（看见）notice(注意到) keep(保持) call(称) ask(请求) ……
●我们称他小刘。

We call him Xiao Liu.
●这个消息让我很开心。

The news made me happy.
●他听见有人在开门。

He heard somebody opening the door
八、主语补足语
1、跟宾补一样
2、如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
●我们称他小刘。

We call him Xiao Liu.
●他被我们称为小刘。

Xiao Liu is call by us
句子的分类
按句子的结构可分三种：
●1）简单句——一个主语+一个谓语或一个并列主语+一个并列谓语
●2) 并列句
●3）复合句各类从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位从——名从）（定从）（状从）五种基本句型：
● 1. The sun rises. 主谓
● 2. I don’t like basketball. 主谓宾
● 3. Danny is tired. 主系表
● 4. I give her a book. 主谓双宾
● 5. I painted the floor red 主谓宾宾补。