直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）

从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。

一随主：① He said , “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) ②They said ,”our parents often go shopping with us.”→They said their parents often go shopping with them. 二随宾: ①He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”

→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told 改为had told)

②She said to Mary ,”How is your brother now?”→She asked Mary how her brother was then. 第三人称不更新:①He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had， her不变，your→my）

②Mr White said,”Hand is a good worker.”→Mr White said Hand was a good worker.

2、时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过，主现从任”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式： Can—could；may — might；must — must/had to （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，

从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间

接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：

①He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。

②He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”

→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

③She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他

的来信。”

→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。

④He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”

→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。

⑤He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。

⑥Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”

→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。

⑥He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。

⑦He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工

作。”→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

⑧①The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”→

The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

⑨②He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”→

He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。

⑩③He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时

⑪如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变①He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。” He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。

⑫②He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。” He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。 3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：

⑬直接引语间接引语指示代词

⑭this/these that/those 时间状语

⑮now then today that day tonight

⑯that night

⑰this week (month…)

⑱that week (month…) yesterday

⑲the day before

⑳last week (month…) the week (month…)before two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)be fore tomorrow

21the next day

22next week (month…)

23the next week (month…) 地点状语 here there 动词

24come go bring

25take