book4_unit3__V-ing做表语_定语_宾语补足语_语法答案

高中英语（人教版）Book4 Unit3 A Taste of English Humour

Grammar: V-ing 形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语

★学习目标

1■知识目标：掌握V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法。

2.技能目标：在专项练习中灵活运用所学规则。

3.情感目标：通过学习V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法,

让学生丰富句子内容，提高学生学习英语的兴趣。

★重点和难点

1.重点：V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法；

2.难点：在做题中能够区分V-ing, done和to do .

V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语

探

'、V-ing形式作定语

1.单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面。

①表示被修饰名词的用途或功能

a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖 a reading room 阅览室

a washing machine 洗衣机游泳池 a swimming pool

②表示正在进行的动作

a slee ping child (= a child who is slee ping )正在睡觉的孩子正在升起的太阳a rising sun

2. V-ing短语作定语须位于被修饰的名词

后面。

The student making the £xperiment（=wboJs making

the exp eriment） is our monitor. 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

汉译英：正与老师谈话的人是我的叔叔。

The man sp eaking to the teacher is my uncle

3.注意：现在分词，过去分词和不定式做定语的区别是：现在分词表正在主动或进行

意义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示将要发生的动作。

3.作表语的V-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

V-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的

-ing 形式也可

带有自己的逻辑主语，逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来承担。

(1)What worries me most is her (Julia's) staying too late every night.

我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。 (staying too late every night 的逻辑主语

是 Julia )

(2)The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.

主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。

(not having practiced a lot 的逻辑主语是

you )

三、V-ing 形式作宾语补足语

1. V-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行解释说明，表示一个正在进 行的主动性的动作，强调

一个过程或一种状态。其中，宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑 上有主动关系。 例: When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.

a stranger 是 found 的宾语，standing in front of the house -是宾语补足语。

2.

能用V-ing 形式作宾语补足语的常见的几类动

词

：

⑴ 表示感觉和心理状态的动词：

(see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to,

observe, find )等动词 + sb. / sth. + doing sth.其中 doing sth.做宾补。

汉译英：

汉译英:

(1) 正在打篮球的男孩儿是汤姆

The boy playing basketball is Tom.

用过的书 used books 一颗倒下的树

a fallen tree

我很多工作要做。

I have a lot of work to do.

(3) 【考例】 There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn

't fall asleep.

A. to shout

B. shouted

C. shout

、V-ing 形式作表语

1.当表示主语的内容时，表语与主语可调换位置。

D. shouting

My favorite sport is swimming. = Swimming is my favorite sport. 汉译英：我的工

作就是照顾这些孩子。

My job is looking after the children.

2.当表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态

(V-ing

可调换位置。 相当一个形容词)时，表语与主语不

这个问题很令人困惑。

The p roblem is quite

puzzling / confusing.

C. interesting; tiring

D. interested; tired

我们听到隔壁一个女孩在唱歌。

We heard a girl singing in the next room.

他看见孩子们在院子里玩。

He saw the children playing in the yard.

(2)使役动词(常见的有 have, keep, get, leave, set, catch 等)+sb/ sth + doing sth (作 宾补)

6. There are lots of pl aces of interest D in our city.

8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel ________________ when we are back from

travels.

A. interesting; tired

B. interested; tiring

汉译英：

我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我很溃憾让你一直等着。

(3) see, watch, notice, hear, find

doing 表示动作正在进行，而 汉译

英：

I ' m sorry to havbeft you waiting.

等后跟doing 与do 的区别：

do 表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。

你听见有人在敲门吗? 你听见有人敲门了吗?

四、语法专练

Do you hear someone knocking at the door ? Do you hear someone knock at the door?

1. Tell Mary that there A. waiting

B. waited

C. waits

's someone for her at the door.

D. to wait

2. The A waiter came up to us and said, A. smiling

B. smiled

C. smile

"You are welcome. ” D. to smile

3. On festivals, the traffic p olice worked hard to kee p the traffic B smoothly.

A. run

B. running

C. to run

D. being run

4. Do you know the boy D

under the big tree?

B. lain

A. lay

5. I can hardly imagine P eter

C. laying

D. lying C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A. sail

B. to sail

C. sailing

D. to have sailed

A. needs rep airing

B. needing rep aired

C. needed rep airing

D. needing to be rep aired

7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn 'fall asleep. C. shout

A. to shout

B. shouted D. shouting