英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别
动名词和现在分词的区别
动名词和现在分词的区别本文旨在让大家对动名词和现在分词有个系统而简要的认识,除非必要细节上不做探究。
无论其用法多么复杂,我们只需要记住他们的基本含义,在句子中去翻译或者表意慢慢就会了。
相对于这种表意,去记忆一个又一个的用法就显得费力不讨好了。
1.动名词和现在分词都是从动词转化过来的,都拥有动词的含义。
①动名词doing强调名词含义“做什么这件事”,无进行之意,返程已成:做了,经常做,用来做。
②现在分词doing强调动作:表主动含义,无进行之意表进行含义,“正在做”注意:我们发现doing形式的很多词语都名词化(动名词)或者形容词化(现在分词)。
在没造出相对应的名词或者形容词时我们用doing来进行代替,但是有的意思有相对应的名词或者形容词,如arrive 动词,arrival名词,那么arriving跟arrival的区别就是多了动词含义。
3.动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:1. 动名词充当主语,宾语,和同位语。
现在分词充当状语和补语。
两者都可以做定语,但是意义不同。
作定语时,动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途;现在分词说明名词的动作,即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢,即一个用于睡觉的车(sleeping为动名词表用途)a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子,即一个正在睡觉的孩子(sleeping为现在分词表正在进行的动作)注意:做定语时,动名词和现在分词的读音不同。
前者的重音在动名词上(a ‘sleeping car),而后者的重音在所修饰的名词上(a sleeping ‘child)。
2.动名词具有名词的性质。
现在分词则没有。
①动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰:I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。
现在分词与动名词的区别
动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式。
他们的句法功能如下:动词的-ing形式如果作句子的主语或者宾语时,应该是动名词形式;如果作补语或者状语时,应该是现在分词形式。
那么作表语或者定语的动名词和现在分词又该怎样区分呢?(一)动名词和现在分词充当定语时的区别1、动名词充当定语,通常用来表示所修饰词的用途。
如:fishing-rod钓鱼竿diving-board跳板dining-room餐厅,食堂driving licence驾驶执照swimming pool游泳池2、现在分词充当定语,所修饰的词与分词在逻辑上构成主谓关系。
如:dripping taps滴水的龙头growing crops生长中的庄稼developing country发展中国家the swimming boy游泳的男孩(二)动名词和现在分词充当表语时的区别动名词作表语:主要是表示主语的具体内容,主语和表语的位置常常可以互换;现在分词作表语:主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态,主语和表语的位置不可以互换。
如:My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。
=Teaching English is my job.(动名词作表语,表示主语“my job”的内容,表语和主语的位置可以互换。
)The film is disappointing.这部电影真令人失望。
(现在分词作表语,表示主语“the film”的性质、特点,不能和主语互换。
)(三)作表语用的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别作表语用的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质,进行时态的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
如:The situation in our country is encouraging.(系表结构)我国的形势鼓舞人心。
The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)我国的形势正鼓舞着人民。
区分动名词和现在分词的方法
区分动名词和现在分词的方法动名词和现在分词都是由v.+ing 构成,在句中都能做表语和定语,而且都保留着动词的一些特征,有其完成形式和被动语态。
那么v.+ing 形式到底是现在分词还是动名词呢?下面有五种区别方法:一、如果v.+ing形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系,就是现在分词,它相当于定语从句;如果逻辑上没有主谓关系,则是动名词,它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替,该介词短语应放在修饰名词之后。
例如:a moving blackboard 正在移动的黑板(现在分词,a moving blackboare = a blackboard which is moving)a swinnimg pool 游泳池(动名词,a swimming pool = a pool for swimming)二、如果v.+ing形式是说明主语怎么样,表示主语的开头、特征的是现在分词,现在分词起着形容形容词和副词的作用,在句中作宾语和状语,一般用how提问,后不带宾语,但可用very, so, quite等词修饰,也可用more和most分别构成比较级和最高级;如果v.+ing形式是说明主语是什么,即主语的具体内容,强调主语的行为、功能和用途的则为动名词,动名词起着名词的作用,在句中作主语和宾语,一般用what提问,也可用状语来修饰,但不能用程度副词very, much等修饰。
例如:The news is very exciting. (现在分词)Laying eggs is her full-time job. (动名词)三、动名词作表语,和主语间可以划等号,甚至可以交换位置。
如上述例句Laying eggs is her full-time job. 可改写成:Her full-time job is laying eggs. 而现在分词充当表语,不能同主语划等号,因此不能同主语换位置。
如上述例句The news is very exciting. 不能改写。
动名词与现在分词的区别
动名词与现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:1.如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。
区别方法是:动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词"这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)。
E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping此处为动名词a sleeping child=a child who is XXX一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在分词3.如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。
区别方法是:如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词。
如果-ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。
4. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同,前者的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleeping suit),而后者的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘chi ld)。
5.动名词用法的特殊情形①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: No smoking.②There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to ~ = No one can ~(or We cannot ~)E.g.: There is no XXX when lasting XXX will come. (谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来)③Never (or not) … without+ -ing(每次…都…)= wheneverE.g.: He never XXX.④It goes without saying that(…是不用说的)= It is XXXE.g.: It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.⑤Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——动名词之前都由the、所有格或some/alittle/ much/ a lot of之类的形容词。
动名词与现在分词的区别
动名词与现在分词的区别动名词和现在分词都是动词的一种形式,但是它们在用法和句法功能上存在显著的区别。
以下将从定义、语法和句法功能三个方面进行详细的比较。
一、定义动名词(gerund)是一种具有名词性质的动词形式,通常通过在动词后加“-ing”构成。
它在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
现在分词(present participle)是一种具有形容词和副词性质的动词形式,通常通过在动词后加“-ing”构成。
它在句子中可以作为形容词、副词等修饰语,也可以作为状语表示时间、方式、条件等。
二、语法动名词可以作为句子中的主语、宾语、表语等,具有名词的语法功能。
它具有数、性、格的变化,与名词一样可以受定冠词、不定冠词、人称代词等限定词的修饰。
现在分词作为形容词和副词,可以用来修饰名词、代词等,也可以在句子中作状语。
它没有数的变化,没有格的变化,但是可以有性的变化。
现在分词作为形容词时,可以放在被修饰词的前面或后面,作为副词时,则通常放在被修饰词的后面。
此外,动名词和现在分词在时态上也有区别。
动名词通常表示一般性动作或状态,没有时间的限制,而现在分词则表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
三、句法功能动名词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语等,主要起到一个名词的作用。
例如,在句子“Reading is fun.”中,“reading”作为主语,表示阅读这个动作或行为。
在句子“I enjoy reading.”中,“reading”作为宾语,表示被享受的动作或行为。
在句子“My hobby is reading.”中,“reading”作为表语,表示我的爱好是什么。
现在分词在句子中主要作为形容词、副词等修饰语,起到一个修饰、描述或说明的作用。
例如,在句子“The dog is running after the ball.”中,“running”作为现在分词作形容词,描述了“dog”的状态。
在句子“While I was reading, she came in.”中,“reading”作为现在分词作状语,表示我正在进行的动作。
动名词与现在分词的区别
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keep doing sth一直做某事 keep on/up doing sth 坚持做某事
consider doing 考虑做某事 consider to be 认为 to be doing to have done to have been done
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Charles Babbage is generally considered _________ the first computer. A. to invent B. invented C. to have invented D. having invented
The task is considered ________ (finish).
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I am sorry, I am too busy. I can’t help ____ the door of your office. A. to sweep B. sweeping C. swept D. to be swept
Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle. A. ride, ride B. riding ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding
prefer sth to sth prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth
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3. doing在句子中充当宾语,往往跟在某些固定动词后。也就是 我们常说的某些固定动词后面再接动词,必须接动词的 -ing形式。 如: Hearing the words, she couldn’t help thinking of her past bitterness. (can’t help这个动词,后面接宾语,如果宾语表达的是动 作,是个动词,那就要把动词变为名词性,即doing。此处doing 为 动名词。) We all avoided mentioning that matter. 同理 ★ 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类: 一 类 是 后 面 只 能 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 , 其 中 有 : avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, can’t help, imagine, keep (on), don’t mind, practise, put off, stop, go on, resist, suggest等, 如: Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. 8 Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?
动名词和现在分词的区别
动名词和现在分词的区别1、做定语时有区别①动名词作定语时放在被修饰词之前,用于说明事物的用途或性质例:drinking water 饮用水washing machine 洗衣机sleeping pills 安眠药②现在分词作定语时表示所修饰名词的动作,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系例:a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩③动名词作定语只能放在被修饰词前;现在分词作定语位置灵活,可放在前可放在后,尤其是现在分词短语做定语时要后置。
例:Most of the workers building the bridge is young people (现在分词短语作定语后置) They are visitors coming from other countries (现在分词短语作定语后置)例: a sleeping child 一个熟睡的孩子(现在分词作定语前置)试分析:working method 和working peoplea sleeping car 和 a sleeping child2、做状语时有区别现在分词可做状语修饰句子,而动名词不做状语!①▲现在分词做状语,分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致例:He sat on the ground,reading a newspaper(表伴随)Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.(表时间)Being very weak,she had to stay at home(表示原因)She fell down from her bike,only striking her head against the rock(表示结果)Heating water,we can change it into vapor(表示条件)为了表示明确的时间或条件,有时可在现在分词前加when、while、if等连词例如:When leaving the airport,she waved again again to us.②现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且与句子的谓语动词几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后例:Reading carefully,he found something hadn’t known before③如果现在分词表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且先于句子的谓语动词发生,则使用现在分词的完成式(having done)例:Having borrowed two books,she left the library习题: 1, While ( walk)in the street,we met some friends of ours2, (finish)his work,he went to help others3、做表语时有区别动名词作表语相当于名词,用于解释主语.主语和表语可以互换位置;现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态、数量等,主语和现在分词做的表语不能互换例:①My favourite sport is swimming = Swimming is my favourite sport②The result is very disappointing ×Disappointing is the result习题:1,The film is very (move)2,Their task is (move)the furniture4、作宾语的区别动名词可以做及物动词和介词的宾语,和介词构成介词短语;现在分词不做主语和宾语!有些动词或短语动词后只能用动名词作宾语,如:allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, finish, imagine, practice, appreciate(欣赏;赞赏), enjoy,miss(错过), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), mind(介意), dislike(厌恶), risk(冒险), admit(承认), can’t stand(忍不住),feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), put off(推迟), give up(放弃), care for(关心), dream of(梦想),be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)。
英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别
英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。
动词的-ing形式何时为动名词,何时为现在分词。
首先,我们要从概念上区分。
动词的-ing 形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词或副词时,称为现在分词。
其次,我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。
1.动名词用作主语.Reading French is easier than speaking it.阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。
2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。
It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。
3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。
There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.我建议结束会议。
So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外?He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。
现在分词与动名词的区别
现在分词与动名词的区别现在分词与动名词统称为-ing 形式,但在意义和用法上还是有一些区别。
掌握这些细微的区别,对于准确理解句子的意思还是有帮助的。
一、现在分词的基本用法分词的用法主要要掌握三点:1、分词已经转化为形容词,强调事物的某个特点。
例如:He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。
2、分词(包括分词短语) 仍然保留的正在进行时的特点,侧重于正在进行的特点。
例如:Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 声音小点,有个孩子正在睡觉。
The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editorof the campus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
Those wishing to join this club should sign here.(正在)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.由于正被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。
Any one having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。
I sometimes hear a girl singing downstairs. 有时我听到楼下有一个小姑娘在唱歌。
3、分词短语相当于一个状语从句。
Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. 到了巴黎的时候,我迷了路。
(时间)When crossing the street,do be careful. 过马路时要小心。
Having lived in London for years, I almostk now every place quite well.在伦敦住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
英语中动名词和现在分词的区别
动名词和现在分词都是由动词转换而来的,有一样的形式 V+ing,且都是非限定动词的一种,然而它们有不同的用法。
一、概念特征不同1、动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当主语,宾语,表语和定语,可以支配宾语,也可以被副词修饰,有时态和语态的变化。
2、现在分词,又称-ing形式或现在进行时,是分词的一种,兼具动词和形容词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当定语,表语,补语和状语,有时态和语态的变化。
二、功能不同1、动名词能在句中充当主语,宾语,而现在分词不能,例如:A、动名词作主语Brushing your teeth is important.刷牙很重要。
Hunting tigers is dangerous.猎杀老虎是危险的。
Flying makes me nervous.飞行使我紧张。
Smoking causes lung cancer.吸烟会导致肺癌。
B、动名词作宾语When will you give up smoking?你什么时候戒烟?She always puts off going to the dentist.她总是推迟去看牙医。
I look forward to hearing from you soon.我期待很快收到你的来信。
I am used to waiting for buses.我习惯等公共汽车。
2、现在分词能在句中充当补语和状语,而动名词不能,例如:A、现在分词作宾语补足语I heard someone singing.我听到有人在唱歌。
He saw his friend walking along the road.他看见他的朋友沿路走。
I can smell something burning!我闻到有东西烧焦了!I watched the birds flying away.我看着鸟儿飞走了。
动名词与现在分词用法的区别
动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。
动词的-ing形式何时为动名词,何时为现在分词。
首先,要从概念上区分。
动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词或副词时,称为现在分词。
其次,要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。
1.动名词用作主语.Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。
2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。
It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。
3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语。
这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossibleto do…”。
There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
归纳:常用动名词作主语的句型有:It is/ was a waste of time doing 做…是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做…是没益/用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做…不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做…是值得的There is no doing…无法…,不允许…There is no sense in doing 做…没有道理There is/was no use doing 干…无意义There is/was no point doing 干…无意义①我们不知道要去哪儿。
现在分词和动名词的区别
现在分词和动名词的构成形式是一样的。
现在分词是动词的一种非限定形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语,表语,状语,有时也用在复合结构中。
Eg: 1.this is an amusing story.2.the book is interesting.3.the students come into classroom laughing and talking.4.I heard him singing in the next room.(作宾补,和宾语一起构成复合结构)动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式,顾名思义,它既源于动词又有名词的功能。
因此它在句中起名词的作用,用做主语,表语,宾语。
Eg:1.learning a language well is not an easy job.2.my favourite sport is skating.3.have you finished correcting the homework.现在分词可以充当的成分:状语,定语,表语。
动名词可以充当的成分:主语,宾语,表语,定语。
当两者都充当定语和表语时候的区别。
作表语的区别:1.the situation is encouraging.2.reading is learning.凡是现在分词起形容词性的作用,意思也类似于形容词的意思翻译成“.......的”例句一可以翻译成“这种情形是令人鼓舞的。
而例句二不能翻译成“读书是学习的”作定语的区别:动名词作定语表示名词的属性,作用,或用途。
作“供......用”讲,相当于一个介词for短语。
There is a swimming pool in our school.现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态,被修饰的词与现在分词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句。
当单个的现在分词作定语时放在名词的前面,如果是短语作定语,则放在所修饰的名词后。
动名词和现在分词的区别和用法 有哪些不同
动名词和现在分词的区别和用法有哪些不同动名词和现在分词是英语中比较常见的,不少同学不知道如何区分,本文为大家带来了动名词和现在分词的区别及使用方法,快来了解一下吧!动名词和现在分词的区别和用法有哪些不同1动名词和现在分词的区别现在分词常用来构成进行时态的,与助动词be搭配使用,一起构成句子的谓语成分。
现在分词在句中还可以充当定语、表语和状语。
而动名词则主要起着名词的功能,常在句子中充当主语、定语、表语等成分。
现在分词和动名词都可以作定语,但两者与所修饰的名词的关系是不一样的。
现在分词主要用来描述该名词正在做什么,而动名词则主要用来说明该名词的功能或用途。
现在分词作表语,主要用来描述主语的性质、特点等。
而动名词作表语,则主要用来说明主语的内容。
需要注意的是,doing有时会用作宾补,此时的doing是现在分词,而不是动名词。
2动名词和现在分词的用法一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。
1.动名词用作主语.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
2.有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。
三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词,动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语可以用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
如何区别动名词和现在分词
如何区别动名词和现在分词IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】如何区别动名词和现在分词动名词和现在分词的构成相同,即动词原形+ing。
那么,在使用的过程中如何区别它们呢?一、用法不同动名词除具有动词的特征外,还有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;而现在分词除具有动动词的特征外,还具有形容词的特征,在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语、补语等。
二、区分方法:1.如果-ing形式在句子中作状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词。
例如:She saw Jim playing with the cat.Having finished his homework, he went out to play.2.如果-ing形式在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语,那么它一定是动名词。
例如:Smoking is harm to your body.I like swimming.His aim, going to college, will come true.3.作定语的区分方法:如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式有逻辑上的主谓关系,即都表示所修饰的人或物所发出的动作,那么它就是现在分词;如果没有,那么它就是动名词。
例如:Do you like sleeping cars(动名词)The sleeping girl is my little sister.(现在分词)4.作表语的区分方法:如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词,表示主语的性质或特征,和主语的位置不能互换,那么-ing形式就是现在分词;如果-ing形式相当于一个名词,与主语处于同等地位,可以与主语互换位置,那么-ing 形式就是动名词。
例如:Her job is feeding these animals.(这句话可以改为:Fe-eding these animals is her job.因此,feedin g是动名词。
动名词和现在分词的用法有什么区别
动名词和现在分词的用法有什么区别1.现在分词和动名词在形式上是非常相似的,但是细说的话,动名词和现在分词在用法上还是有区别的。
动名词就是“名词”,但是,一方面动名词还保留动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用来表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的含义,另一方面动名词在句子的用法与功能方面,和名词类似:在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
动名词也可以被副词修饰,或者用来充当宾语。
例如:They who are older girls run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job.在寻找工作方面,大龄的她们不断地受到歧视。
Living in digs means having one room in someone's house.寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
动名词用法要点:动名词常泛指,句法作用常为主语/宾语/表语/定语,时态/语态形式常为一般/完成/被动式。
being done是被动,没有任何进行的含义。
用来充当主语的要注意,通常会使用it作形式主语,不表示未来发生事,所表达的信息都是已知的。
用来充当表语的要注意,其作用相当于一个“名词”,核查的方法很简单,主语与表语互相换位能够成立。
用来充当定语也容易分辨,表示名词之用途。
用来充当宾语有点复杂,最关键的是注意谓语动词,时态和谓语动词进行比较,先于谓语动词时使用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,可以在句子中或者句子外。
对于否定式,在它前面加not,对于复合式,在它前面加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用。
2.现在分词(present participle)相当于“形容词”,在句中作定语或者状语。
所以当-ing形式出现在英语句子中作主语、宾语、同位语时,基本上可以肯定是“动名词”,当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,基本上可以肯定是“现在分词”。
3.动名词和现在分词都可以在系动词后面作表语。
区分现在分词和动名词七法
区分现在分词和动名词七法动名词和现在分词是非谓语动词的两种形式,许多语法书把它们合称为动词的-ing形式。
同学们在学习和使用它们时常因为分辨不清两者的区别而导致错误。
下面就向大家介绍几种区分它们的方法。
一、成分法现在分词有动词和形容词性质,因此可以在句子中作表语、定语、状语或补语。
如:Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(作表语)Alittlechildlearningtowalkfallsdownfrequently.(作定语)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.(作补语)Ifeltthewholebuildingshakingintheearthquake.(作补语)动名词有动词和名词性质,因此可以在句子中作表语、定语、主语或宾语。
如:Seeingisbelieving.(作主语)Hesuggestedgoingpicnicthecomingweekend.(作宾语)Hisjobishelpingthesick.(作表语)Themanwastooseriouslyinjuredanddiedontheoperatingtable.(作定语)我们不难发现:动词的-ing形式如果在句子中作主语或者宾语,通常是动名词形式;如果在句子中作补语或者状语,通常是现在分词形式。
但是,此法无法区分作表语或定语时的动名词和现在分词。
二、换位法动名词作表语时,表语和主语通常可以互换位置,互换后句意不变;现在分词作表语时,表语和主语则不能互换位置。
这种方法可用来区分作表语时的现在分词和动名词。
Herjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheoffice.Gettingeverythinginorderintheofficeisherjob.(主语和宾语可以互换位置,这里动词的-ing形式是动名词。
)HewasmakingaphonecallwhenIenteredtheoffice.(主语和宾语不可以互换位置,这里动词的-ing形式是现在分词。
动名词和现在分词区别 分别有哪些用法
动名词和现在分词区别分别有哪些用法动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来。
现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行式) ,是分词的一种。
动名词和现在分词区别1动名词和现在分词的区别定义不同动名词:指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
现在分词:是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
构成形式不同动名词:一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。
所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括独立主格形式。
现在分词:否定结构,动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。
特点不同动名词:动名词可以保留原动词的各种用法,例如可以带宾语、表语、状语等。
动名词的动词特征还表现在它有时态和语态的变化。
现在分词:在时间上,表示动作正在进行。
2动名词和现在分词的用法动名词作表语,说明主语的内容或动作的名称。
此时主语和表语可以互换位置。
动名词作定语,表示其用途和性质。
现在分词作表语,说明主语的特征。
主语和表语不能互换位置。
现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系,强调动作的进行。
现在分词作状可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。
现在分词和动名词作定语及作表语的区别
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一、怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名 词
动名词和现在分词构成形式一样(都是 在动词词尾加ing),且均可在句中作表 语.究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中 作表语呢?下面介绍几种辨别的方法.
用试加法区别作定语的现在分词和动名词 高频考题
怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名词 倒置法 加入法 提问法
know ____C___.
A. to choose which one B. what choose
C. which one to choose D. to choose what
8. — How bad! They still have no ideas how _______Cthe problem. — Let’s go to help them.
(二)加入法
在表语前加上副词very,so或 more,most等.句子通顺,意思 明确者,为现在分词.否则,为动 名词.如:
注:句子成立,故interesting 为现在分词.
例2. My job is teaching English.
例1. My job is interesting.
My job is very interesting.
4. —What are on show in the museum? —Some pictures _______ by the Africans. A. drawing B. drawBn C. drew D. were drawn
5. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible. A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling B D. was feeling
动名词与现在分词的区别与用法
动名词与现在分词的区别与用法动名词和现在分词是两种形式相似的非谓语动词形式,它们在形式上都以-ing结尾,但在用法和含义上有一些区别。
1. 动名词(Gerund):- 动名词可以作为名词使用,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等。
- 动名词表示的是一个动作或状态,具有名词的特点,可以接受冠词、形容词、副词等修饰。
- 动名词常常表示一种习惯性、泛指性的动作或状态。
- 动名词可以和动词不定式互换使用,但含义可能有所不同。
例子:- Smoking is harmful to health.(动名词作主语)- I enjoy swimming in the sea.(动名词作宾语)- Her favorite activity is dancing.(动名词作表语)- He is good at playing the piano.(动名词作介词宾语)2. 现在分词(Present Participle):- 现在分词可以作为形容词使用,修饰名词或代词。
- 现在分词表示的是正在进行的动作或状态,具有形容词的特点,可以接受副词修饰。
- 现在分词常常表示一个正在进行的动作或状态。
- 现在分词可以和被动语态连用,表示被动的动作。
例子:- The running water is very clear.(现在分词作形容词修饰名词)- The girl standing there is my sister.(现在分词作形容词修饰名词)- The children are playing happily in the park.(现在分词作状语修饰动词)- The broken window needs to be fixed.((现在分词作形容词修饰名词,连用被动语态)总结:动名词和现在分词在形式上相似,但在用法和含义上有所不同。
动名词作为名词使用,表示一种习惯性、泛指性的动作或状态;现在分词作为形容词使用,表示正在进行的动作或状态。
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动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。
动词的-ing形式何时为动名词,何时为现在分词。
首先,我们要从概念上区分。
动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词或副词时,称为现在分词。
其次,我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。
1.动名词用作主语.Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。
2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。
It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。
3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。
There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外?He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。
I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。
2.有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。
Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。
三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词,动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语可以用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮丽的景象。
(表时间)Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下,交际的机会很少。
(表原因)Having money, he will buy a bigger car.(表条件)Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..(表让步)The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了,头碰在门上碰破了.(表结果)He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着.(表方式或伴随情况)四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语,当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。
当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时,动词的-ing为现在分词。
1.动名词用作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。
Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。
The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。
2.现在分词用作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。
This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。
The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。
五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,即: 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。
通常能改为一个定语从句。
动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质,或用途或功能. 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
因此,只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。
1.动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候车室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场sleeping pill 安眠药 writing desk 写字桌sewing machine 缝纫机 writing paper 信纸operating table 手术室 checking account 活期账户diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室diving board 跳板 playing ground 运动场washing machine 洗衣机 boxing competition 拳击比赛washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演讲比赛fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线2.现在分词作定语developing countries 发展中国家 a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑 the existing condition 现有条件the remaining days 剩下的岁月 lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers 主要报纸the ruling class 统治阶级 living things 有生命的东西the ageing population 老化的人口 the rising generation 成长的一代六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语,但现在分词用作宾语补语时,与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。
具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如:smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。
另外,有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。
还有,作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as,前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, see, think of 等。
现在分词用作主语补语,多用在被动结构中,与主语构成复合主语。
而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
1.动名词用作补语I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。
(robbing是宾语补语)This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。
(turning 是主语补语)2.现在分词用作补语We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。
They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。
He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。
现在分词和动名词练习(1)现在分词1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, ________for help.A. supporting; callingB. supported by; calledC. being supported by; calledD. being supporting; called2. --- Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?---- We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.A. be discussedB. being discussingC.discussed D. which discussed3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage.A. left; breakingB. leaving; brokenC. left; brokenD. to leave; breaking4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.A. Having been workedB. Not to have workedC. Having never workedD. Never have worked5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.A. No passingB. Having passedC. Not passingD. Not having passed6. Time________, I can have done it better.A. permitB. be permittedC. permittingD. to permit7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.A. Since the key has lostB. The key been lostC. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.A. Being translatedB. Having translatedC. To be translatedD. Having been translated9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous andwas at a loss what to do.A. Having blamedB. To blameC. Being to be blameD. Being to blame10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicinewith him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. To sufferC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.A. JudgingB. JudgedC. To judgeD. Judge12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail tothe rain.A. Trembling; exposingB. Trembled; exposedC. Trembled; exposingD. Trembling; exposed13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________.A. includingB. being includingC. to includeD. included14. ----Who were those people with the flags?----A group________itself the League of Peace.A. callsB. callingC. calledD. being called15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it.A. TellB. TellingC. To tellD. Told16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.A. burntB. to burnC. being burntD. burning17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s ho use at present because she ispreparing a speech for the party________ at Marie’s house tomorrow.A. being held; to be heldB. to be held; heldC. held; being heldD. to be held; to be held18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.A. puzzled; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzlingC. puzzling; puzzledD. puzzled; puzzling19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.A. findB. findingC. foundD. to find20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. When hearingD. When she heard21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,_______fun.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants andanimals not found in any other country in the world.A.Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hopekey: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB(2)动名词1. No one enjoys_______at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent yourhouse_______ .A. to be broken inB. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3. They insisted on_______another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. —Where is my passport? I remember_______it here.—You shouldn't have left it here.Remember_______it with you all the time.A. to put; to takeB. putting ;takingC. putting ;to takeD. to put ;taking5. His room needs_______, so he must have it .A. painting; paintedB. painted; paintingC. painting; paintingD. painted; painted6. After finishing his homework he went on_______a letter to his parents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.to write7. The young trees we planted last week require_______with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8. Only_______English doesn't mean_______the language.A.to learn; to learnB.learning; learningC.learning about; learnD.learning about; learning9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_______.A.missedB.to be missingC.missingD.to be missed10. She decided to devote herself_______the problem of old age.A.to studyB.studyingC.to studyingD.study11. Remember_______the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting backB.put backC.to put backD.be put back12. As she is looking forward to_______from me, please remember______this letter on your way to school.A.hear; postB.hearing; to postC.be heard; postingD.be hearing; to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_______your handwriting.A.to readB.to seeC.reading C.in seeing14. Writing stories and articles_______what I enjoy most.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15. We appreciate_______us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16. Would you mind_______quiet for a moment? I'm trying_______a form.A. keeping; filling outB. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill outD. to keep; filling out17. He was afraid_______for being late.A.of seeingB.of being seenC.to be seenD.to have seen18. I'd like to suggest_______the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19. I don't see how I could possibly manage_______the work without .A. finish; helpingB. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helpingD. finishing; being helped20. Anything worth_______is worthy of_______well.A.doing; being doneB. doing; doingC. to be done; to be doneD. to be done; being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted_______the work.A.finishB.to finishC.in finishingD.on finishing22. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answerB.answeringC.writingD.to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape_______by the police.A.to be caughtB.he caughtC.being caughtD.catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I_______it at home.Then I remembered_______it out to pay for the taxi.A.must have left; to takeB.may leave; takingC.might leave; to takeD.could have left; taking25. _______the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A.After hearingB.On hearingC.While hearingD.Having heared26. _______his mother, the baby could not help .A.To see; to laughB.Seeing; to laughC. Seeing; laughingD.To see; laughing27. It's no use_______so much money on clothes.A.spendB.spentC.spendingD.being spent28. The sentence needs_______.A.improveB.a improvementC.improvingD.improved29. If he succeeded_______a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A.to findB.to look forC.in findingD.in looking for30. I still remember_______to my home town when I was young.A.takingB.takenC.being takenD.to take1-5 CBCCA 6-10.DADCC 11-15.CBCAC16-20.CBBBA 21-25.DBCDB CCC。