高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅢGrammar_同位语及同位语从句教学案新人教版选修8

SectionⅢGrammar—同位语及同位语从句

语法图解

探究发现

①We two, Mr. Lee and myself, had a talk privately.

②All the Chinese people, old and young, love our socialist country.

③Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.

④The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

⑤Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.

⑥We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.

⑦I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.

⑧The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.

[我的发现]

(1)以上句子中加黑部分是同位语。同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当。句③是由名词短语作同位语；句②是由形容词短语作同位语；句④和句⑤是由that 引导的同位语从句。

(2)在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。从句④－⑧可以看出，同位语从句一般用that,_whether,_who,_why等词引导。

(3)同位语从句常放在fact,_idea,_question,_problem,_news等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

一、同位语

一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明，这一部分就叫作同位语。可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)及从句等。

1．名词、代词或数词充当同位语

We teachers should be responsible for this.

我们老师应该为此负责。(名词作同位语)

They each put forward a proposal.

他们每个人都提出了一个建议。(代词作同位语)

You may leave it to us two.

你可以把这事留给我们俩。(数词作同位语)

2．名词词组、形容词(词组)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)等充当同位语

Mr. Robeson, our head teacher, is from Canada.

我们的班主任罗伯逊先生，来自加拿大。(名词词组作同位语)

Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?

逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语作同位语)

The current fair, the biggest in its history, is being held in a big city.

目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在一座大城市举行。(形容词短语作同位语) The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(动名词短语作同位语)

[即时演练1]

写出下列句中充当同位语的词(组)词性

①We both have a chance to take part in this activity. 代词

②Please bring these books to them three. 数词

③Wang Bing, our monitor, will help us to turn in our papers. 名词短语

④Is this what you have done, leaving all these things in a mess? 动名词短语

⑤People, old and young, went to the street to watch the parade.形容词词组

二、同位语从句

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。

His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.

他的口音立刻显示出他是一个外国人。

The news that he was in trouble determined me to act at once.

他陷入困境的消息，使我决心立即行动。

All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter.

我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。