非谓语动词 (1)

It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. The blated into English.
动名词的时态和语态
动名词 主动态 被动态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
如果强调一个被动的动作正在进行，要用分词的被 动形式being done。 Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要 用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework,Tom was made to stay at school . Having closed all the windows ,I went home. Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .
分词的时态和语态
现在分词
一般式 主动态 doing having done 被动态 being done having been done
完成式
过去分词的时态和语态只有一种，即done.
现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。 分词与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的用现在分词；是 被动的，要用过去分词。 Looking 1.________(look) out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. Seen 2.________(see) from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. following (follow) many 3.The teacher came in, __________ students. followed (follow) by 4.The teacher came in, _________ many students.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主动态 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被动态 to be done to have been done
无
无
1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般式。
He wanted to see you.
非谓语动词的否定形式
• 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加 上not. • 不定式的否定形式：not to do • 动名词的否定形式：not doing • 现在分词的否定形式：not doing • 过去分词的否定形式：not done
A 1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive B 2. -I must apologize for ________ ahead of time. -That's all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
• 使用非谓语动词的条件： 在一个句子中，已经存在一个谓语动词，而又没 有连词的情况下，其他的动词就需要使用非谓语 形式。 leaving • She got off the bus, _______(leave)her handbag on her seat. • She got off the bus, but _____ left (leave) her handbag on her seat.
having been done
1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作或是与谓语动 词同时发生的动作。 We are interested in climbing mountains. I prefer singing to dancing. 2.如果强调动名词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式。 He was praised for having passed the exam . 3.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，也要用 完成形式。 He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet . 4.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词动作的承 受者，这个动名词要用被动形式。 He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.
动词的非谓语形式有三种： 1.不定式(The Infinitive)，由to +动词原形构成， to 为不定式符号，并无实际意义。 2.动名词(The Gerund)，由动词+ing构成。 3.分词(The Participle) 1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动 词+ing构成 2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词 +ed构成。
2. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用完成形式。
He is said to have written a novel.
3. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用不定式的进行形式。
When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book.
4. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，用被动语 态。
C 3. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
非谓语动词具有以下特征：
• 非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分， 但唯独不能做谓语。 • 非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被 动语态、进行时态和完成时态。 • 非谓语动词具有动词的功能，如可以有自己的宾 语，但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数 的变化。 Growing flowers is my hobby. Thank you for helping us. I hope to see you again.
固定句型:
1.It’s no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing … 在暗淡的灯光下看书不好。 It is no good reading in dim light. 2.It’s kind/wise/clever… of sb to do sth It is very kind of you to help us. 3.It’s important/necessary/hard …for sb to do sth 我们学好英语很重要。 It is very important for us to learn English well.
非谓语动词 Non-finite Verbs
本讲主要内容：
一、非谓语动词的分类、特征 二、非谓语动词的时态和语态 三、非谓语动词充当的句子成分 四、补充知识点
非谓语动词概述
• 英语中，动词具有两种形式： 1.谓语形式 2.非谓语形式 • 动词的谓语形式必须和主语在人称和数上保持一 致，受主语的限定，因此又被称为动词的限定形 式(Finite Forms of Verbs)。 • 非谓语形式不受主语的限制，因此又被称为动词 的非限定形式(Non-finite Forms of Verbs)。 • 确切地讲，非谓语动词实际上指动词的非谓语形 式。
动名词与不定式作主语时的区别
1.对称原则:主语和表语对称 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 2.动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作， 不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作。 Climbing mountains is interesting. To climb this mountain will take us two hours. 3.不定式做主语，一般用it 当形式主语，而 把不定式短语后置。 It will take us two hours to climb the mountain.
afford ,agree ,attempt, aim, choose
decide, demand, desire, determine,
expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, wish
be/get used to, devote oneself to, look forward to, object to, prefer...to, refer to, pay attention to, stick to, lead to 这些词组里的to为介词，而非不定式符号。
B.下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：
非谓语动词在句中充当的成分
不定式
主语 宾语
动名词
现在分词 过去分词
宾补
表语 定语
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
★
★
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
★
★
状语
★ ★ ★
不定式、动名词用作主语
1.直接作主语： Seeing is believing. Smoking is not a good habit. To see is to believe. To smoke here is dangerous. 2.用it作形式主语 It’s no use talking too much without doing anything. It’s no good smoking too much. It is very kind of you to say so. It’s not difficult for you to learn English grammar well.
C.在一些动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾 语，但含义有差别。 forget ,remember, regret +doing 表示动作已经 发生；+to do表动作未发生 want, need ,require + doing 表被动 = to be done try doing试着做; try to do 尽力做，想要做 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来做另一件事
A.下列动词只能带动名词作宾语： admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, consider, deny enjoy, escape, finish, complete, forgive keep, mind, miss, risk, resume, recall, practise, prevent, resist, suggest, understand
不定式、动名词作宾语
• • • • • • He chose not to go home this weekend. The manager desires to see you. My mother dislikes seeing you with me. He could hardly resist laughing. He is fond of playing tennis. 动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语， 而不定式只能做动词宾语。 • 有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能 接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词也可接 不定式做宾语，但意义不同。