生物统计学第七章
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第七章拟合优度检验
7.1 2000年在5 760 295名成年人群中和1 596 734名儿童群体中严重CDH (先天性心脏病)和其他程度CDH的流行病学患者数如下表[36]:
检验在尚存活的成年人和儿童中受损害的程度,差异是否显著?
答:这是2×2列联表χ2检验,使用程序如下:
options linesize=76 nodate;
data;
do a=1 to 2;
do b=1 to 2;
input case @@;
output;
end;
end;
cards;
2205 21358
2316 16663
;
proc freq formchar(1,2,7)='|-+';
weight case;
tables a*b/cellchi2 expected nocol norow nopercent chisq;
title '2*2 Contingency Table Test';
run;
程序运行结果见下表:
2*2 Contingency Table Test
TABLE OF A BY B
A B
Frequency |
Expected |
Cell Chi-Square| 1| 2| Total
---------------+--------+--------+
1 | 2205 | 21358 | 23563
| 2504.1 | 21059 |
| 35.72 | 4.2474 |
---------------+--------+--------+
2 | 2316 | 1666
3 | 18979
| 2016.9 | 16962 |
| 44.347 | 5.2733 |
---------------+--------+--------+
Total 4521 38021 42542
STATISTICS FOR TABLE OF A BY B
Statistic DF Value Prob ------------------------------------------------------ Chi-Square 1 89.588 0.001
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 89.070 0.001
Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 89.289 0.001
Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 89.586 0.001
Fisher's Exact Test (Left) 2.21E-21
(Right) 1.000
(2-Tail) 4.20E-21
Phi Coefficient -0.046
Contingency Coefficient 0.046
Cramer's V -0.046
Sample Size = 42542
从“A×B列联表的统计量”部分可以得出,连续性矫正的χ2显著性概率P =0.001,P <0.01,故拒绝H0,在尚存活的成年人和儿童中受损害的程度差异极显著。
7.2 2000年在成年人和儿童中CDH(先天性心脏病)的发病患者数如下表[36]:
问:在成年人和在儿童中先天心脏病的发病率差异是否显著?
答:本题为2×2列联表X 2检验,需做连续性矫正。结果如下表:
2*2 Contingency Table Test
TABLE OF A BY B
A B
Frequency |
Expected |
Cell Chi-Square| 1| 2| Total
---------------+--------+--------+
1 | 26563 |573373
2 |5760295
| 35658 |5724637 |
| 2319.7 | 14.449 |
---------------+--------+--------+
2 | 18979 |1577755 |1596734
| 9884.2 |1586850 |
| 8368.4 | 52.125 |
---------------+--------+--------+
Total 45542 7311487 7357029
STATISTICS FOR TABLE OF A BY B
Statistic DF Value Prob ------------------------------------------------------ Chi-Square 1 10754.671 0.001 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 9187.383 0.001 Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 10753.488 0.001 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 10754.669 0.001 Fisher's Exact Test (Left) 0.00E+00 (Right) 1.000 (2-Tail) 0.00E+00 Phi Coefficient -0.038
Contingency Coefficient 0.038
Cramer's V -0.038
Sample Size = 7357029
连续性矫正的χ2显著性概率P=0.001,P <0.01,故拒绝H0,在成年人和在儿童中先天心脏病的发病率差异极显著。
7.3在关于II型糖尿病与患帕金森氏病风险的研究中,共有50 454名非糖尿病患者和1 098名糖尿病患者参与实验,在无糖尿病的参与者中有609名患帕金森氏病,在糖尿病患者中有24名还患有帕金森氏病[37]。请推断患帕金森氏病的风险是否与患糖尿病有关?
答:本题为2×2列联表χ2检验,需做连续性矫正。结果如下表:
2*2 Contingency Table Test
TABLE OF A BY B
A B
Frequency |
Expected |
Cell Chi-Square| 1| 2| Total
---------------+--------+--------+
1 | 609 | 50454 | 51063
| 619.39 | 50444 |
| 0.1743 | 0.0021 |
---------------+--------+--------+
2 | 24 | 1098 | 1122
| 13.61 | 1108.4 |
| 7.9323 | 0.0974 |