国际商务——希尔英文PPT19

19-9
Political And Economic Ties With Other Nations
Similarities in accounting systems across countries can reflect political or economic ties The U.S. accounting system influences the systems in Canada and Mexico In the European Union, countries are moving toward common standards
International Business 7e
by Charles W.L. Hill
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 19
Accounting in the International Business
19-15
International Standards
There has been a substantial effort recently to harmonize accounting standards across countries Many companies obtain capital from foreign providers who are demanding greater consistency Common accounting standards will facilitate the development of global capital markets The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is a major proponent of standardization The IASB currently has 45 standards, but compliance is voluntary About 100 nations have adopted IASB standards or permitted their use in reporting financial results
19-16
Classroom Performance System
Which organization is responsible for formulating international accounting standards? a) the Global Federation of Accountants b) the World Bank c) the International Accounting Standards Board d) the International Panel of Accounting Standards and Ethics
Baidu Nhomakorabea
19-6
Country Differences In Accounting Standards
Figure 19.2
19-7
Relationship Between Business And Providers Of Capital
The three main external sources of capital for firms are: Individual investors Banks Government A country’s accounting system reflects the relative importance of each constituency as a provider of capital So, accounting systems in the U.S. and Great Britain are oriented toward individual investors; Switzerland, Germany, and Japan focus on providing information to banks; and France and Sweden prepare financial documents with the government in mind
19-10
Inflation Accounting
The historic cost principal assumes the currency unit used to report financial results is not losing its value due to inflation This principle affects asset valuation If inflation is high, assets will be undervalued
19-17
Classroom Performance System
The IASB currently has about ____ standards. a) 10 b) 25 c) 45 d) 95
19-18
International Standards
Introduction
Accounting is the language of business – it is the way firms communicate their financial positions Accounting standards differ from country to country These differences make it difficult for investors, creditors, and governments to evaluate firms The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has made some attempts to establish common accounting and auditing standards across countries
19-11
Level Of Development
Developed nations tend to have more sophisticated accounting systems than developing countries Many developing nations have accounting systems that were inherited from former colonial powers
19-8
Classroom Performance System
_______ has an accounting system that was developed with the government in mind. a) France b) Japan c) Great Britain d) Germany
19-3
Introduction
Figure 19.1
19-4
Country Differences In Accounting Standards
A country’s accounting system evolves in response to local demands for accounting information While there have been efforts to harmonize accounting practices across countries, significant differences remain One study found that among 22 countries, there were 76 ways to assess the cost of goods sold, 65 differences in the calculation of return on assets, and 20 ways to calculate net profits The differences make it challenges to compare financial performance of firms from different countries
19-5
Country Differences In Accounting Standards
Five main variables influence the development of a country’s accounting system: 1. the relationship between business and the providers of capital 2. political and economic ties with other countries 3. the level of inflation 4. the level of a country’s economic development 5. the prevailing culture in a country
19-14
Lack Of Comparability
Because of national differences in accounting and auditing standards, comparability of financial reports from one country to another is difficult The growth of transnational financing and transnational investment is promoting the growth of transnational financial reporting
19-12
Culture
The extent to which a culture is characterized by uncertainty avoidance (the extent to which cultures socialize their members to accept ambiguous situations and tolerate uncertainty) impacts the country’s accounting system Countries with low uncertainty avoidance cultures have strong independent auditing professions
19-13
National And International Standards
Accounting standards are rules for preparing financial statements—they define useful accounting information Auditing standards specify the rules for performing an audit—the technical process by which an independent person gathers evidence for determining if financial accounts conform to required accounting standards and if they are also reliable