2020年大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习
英语四级翻译长难句解析
英语四级翻译长难句解析英语四级考试中的翻译部分一直是考生们的难点之一。
常常会遇到由长难句构成的翻译题目，对于这种题目，考生需要具备较高的英语语法水平和翻译能力。
本文将选取一些常见的难句进行解析，并提供相应的翻译方法和技巧。
1. It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that they are difficult.这句话采用了倒装句的形式，强调了表语从句后面的原因。
在翻译这种句子时，可以先将主句和从句分开翻译，再进行合并。
翻译：并不是因为事情困难，我们才不敢做，而是因为我们不敢做，事情才变得困难。
2. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.这句话使用了漂亮的平行结构，强调了习惯的重要性。
在翻译时，可以根据语义进行适当的变动，使翻译更加流畅。
翻译：我们是我们反复做的事情。
卓越因此不是一个行为，而是一种习惯。
3. Do not fear mistakes. You will know failure. Continue to reach out.这句话使用了省略的结构，强调了不要害怕犯错和坚持努力的态度。
在翻译时，可以将省略的内容进行补充，并进行必要的词序调整。
翻译：不要害怕犯错。
你会遭遇失败。
继续前进。
4. The best way to predict the future is to create it.这句话使用了动词不定式作主语的结构，强调了创造未来的重要性。
在翻译时，可以将动词不定式改为一个完整的句子，使翻译更加通顺。
翻译：预测未来的最佳方式就是去创造它。
5. I am thankful for a lawn that needs mowing, windows that need cleaning and gutters that need fixing because it means I have a home.... I am thankful for the piles of laundry and ironing because it means my loved ones are nearby.这句话使用了并列结构，通过列举具体的事物来强调感恩的态度。
2020年6月英语四级真题阅读长难句分析整理
4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at 4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009年6月)
【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法，凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点，这项技术可能能够帮助跟 踪锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的活动场所。
6. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009年6月)
【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美，并且对她的问题回答得不错，但是，他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”， 因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。
英语四级笔译长难句翻译范例
Determine the coordinate components in a sentence, such as coordinate sentences, coordinate phrases, etc., to ensure logical clarity during translation.
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目 录
01
Translation Techniques for Long and Differential Sentences
Identify the subject, predicate, and object in a sentence, as well as modifiers such as attributives and adverbials, to understand the overall structure and meaning of the sentence.
Example of translating long and difficult sentence
Translation Techniques for Long and Differential Sentences Analysis of Common Sentence Patterns in Translation Translation Analysis of Long and Differential Sentences in True Questions
Analyze the relationship between clauses, phrases, and modifiers in a sentence to determine the correct translation order.
2020最新年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析
【篇一】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity-and providing the financial resources to make itpossible.原文译文：耶鲁大学和哈佛大学引领了这一潮流，为每位本科生提供至少一次出国学习或实习的机会—并提供资金援助使其得以实现。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是Yale and Harvard have led the way。
现在分词短语offering...and providing...为句子的伴随状语，破折号起到了递进的作用。
lead the way的意思是“先行，带路”。
如：These scientists are leading the way in space research. 这些科学家在宇宙研究中处于地位。
at least的意思是“至少”。
如：We should brush our teeth at least twice a day. 我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。
【篇二】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析The reverse flow, from developed todeveloping countries, is on the rise,too.原文译文：从发达国家到发展中国家的逆向流动也有所增长。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是flow is on the rise。
from developedto developing countries为句子的插入语，起到对主语reverse flow的补充说明作用。
reverse flow意为“逆流”。
on the rise的意思是“在上升，在增长”：如：Dividends are on the rise, prices are on the rise and pressure will only continue to rise.分红在增加，价格在上升，而压力也只会继续增大。
2020年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案
2020年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案四级翻译第一套：春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。
团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。
团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。
例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上一样。
在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。
It'sa tradition for Chinese to have the family reunion mealon the SpringFestival Eve，which is not only the mostimportant dinner in a year but also thebest opportunityfor family reunion ，esp. for those families whose membersLive indifferent places . The family reunion dinner consistsof a great variety ofdishes ，some of which carry specialmeanings .Forexample，fishis indispensableas“fish”soundslike“surplus”or“abundant”in Chinese .In manyareas of China ，dumpling is also an important dish for itsymbolizes wealth and fortune .四级翻译第二套：鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。
正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。
鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。
中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。
英语四级翻译真题练习【2020全】
四级翻译真题练习 - 火锅火锅-2020.7the way you choose to get on your knees, you need to get it done.自己选择的路跪着也要把它走完。
【原文】在中国，火锅已有2000多年的历史。
最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。
吃火锅时，家人和朋友围坐在桌边，桌子中间放着热腾腾的火锅。
人们可以根据自己的口味放肉，海鲜，蔬菜和其他配料，自己烹饪。
人们可以一边尽情地聊天，一边享受美餐。
在中国，火锅已有2000多年的历史。
In China, hotpot【1】 has got a history more than 2000 years.【1】hotpot [ˈhɒtpɒt] n.焖罐(内装炖的肉、土豆、洋葱等);小电热锅;火锅最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。
t became popular among several coldest areas and it spread【1】 to many other place rapidly. Naturally【2】 , hotpot got more diverse form with the local【3】 taste.【1】spread [spred] v.传播;展开;打开;摊开;使散开;张开;伸开;蔓延,扩散n.传播;蔓延;扩展;散布;广泛;多样;涉及区域;宽度;文章adj.广大的;大幅的短语用例：1.prevent/stop the spread of something预防/阻止某事物的传播(或蔓延）2.spread an epidemic 传播流行病3.spread an infection 传播传染病4.spread a virus 传播病毒5.continue to spread 持续传播(或蔓延）6.spread like wildfire 像野火般蔓延;迅速传开7.spread your net 考虑到多种可能;大面积地排查They have spread their net far and wide in the searchfor a new team coach.他们撒开网四处物色新的运动队教练。
2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析
【导语】有时候，你必须⼀个⼈⾛，这不是孤独，⽽是选择。
我们时时刻刻都在选择，你选择过什么样的⽣活就需要付出什么样的代价。
以下为“2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇⼀】2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析 They are the place of the scientificdiscoveries that move economies forward,andthe primary means of educating the talentrequired to obtain and maintain competitiveadvantages. 英语四级译⽂： ⼤学是推动经济发展的科学发现的衍⽣地，是⼀个国家培养所需⼈才以获取并维持竞争优势的主要⼿段。
四级词汇讲解： 本句的主⼲是they are place and means。
the place of...和the primary means of...为并列的表语;that引导的是discoveries 的定语从句;动词过去分词短语required to…是talent的后置定语。
move sth. forward的意思是“推动……，使……前进”。
如： We should try to strengthen the business and continue to move it forward. 我们应该努⼒强化业务并继续推动其前进。
英语四级考点归纳： the+形容词可表⽰名词概念，泛指⼀类⼈，通常具有复数含义。
如:The poor bet poorer; the rich getricher. 穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
常见的加the表名词概念的形容词有： blind失明的 deaf聋的 disabled残废的 healthy健康的 sick病弱的 living活的 dead死的 rich富有的 door贫穷的 unemployed失业的【篇⼆】2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析 In 2003, when Cambridge Universityappointed Alison Richard, another former Yaleprovost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job shehad overseen a major strengthening of Yale's financial position. 原⽂译⽂： 2003年，剑桥⼤学聘请了另⼀位耶鲁⼤学前教务长艾利森·理查德担任副校长、并公开强调，在她之前的⼯作中，在她的监管下，“耶鲁⼤学的财政状况得到了极⼤的巩固”。
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习
大学英语四级长难句翻译练习1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.翻译：1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习分析解析
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。
这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.Classroom ：1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge。
要点：本句是由并列连词but，and引导的并列复合句。
在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句，修饰名词light，定语从句的引导词that被省略。
“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。
参考译文：当然萧伯纳是言过其实了，但他所说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。
2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself.要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。
And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。
for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。
参考译文：大部分时间都是他在讲话。
他似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请他离开。
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(全15篇)
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案（1）聘金(endowment)是中国传统习俗的一部分。
通常，新郎(bridegroom)需要给新娘家一笔钱作为聃礼来定下婚礼。
但是近几年来其标准不断上升,致使大多数家庭都很难达到。
快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因。
对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
因此，许多新婚夫妇都只能向父母求助。
表达难点1.第2句中的“作为聘礼”在汉译英时，可以顺承前面一句“聘金”而省略不译。
“来定下婚礼”表目的，故将其译作状语to fix a marriage。
2.第3句“……不断上升，致使大多数家庭都很难达到”表因果关系，可用so...that...结构来表达，“某人很难做某事”英语对应的表达为sb. finds it difficult to do sth，此句可译为...have become so high... that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them。
3.翻译第4句“快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因”时，如果按照原主干“生活成本是主要原因译，则不能很好表达出原句强调“上涨”的利害关系，故转换结构，用“快速上涨”作主语用介词短语in the living cost 作定语。
4.倒数第2句中的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难”是一个表转折的并列句。
但通过分析发现，“这一切”指代前半句内容，故可用which引导非限制性定语从句将前后分句联系起来，以避免不必要的信息重复，这样句子更加简洁紧凑。
“物价的不断上涨”处理成原因状语because of the constantly rising prices 置后，使句子表达清晰流畅。
参考译文Endowment is part of Chinese tradition. Usually, a bridegroom needs to pay a certain amount of money to the bride's family to fix a marriage. But the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them. The rapid rise in the living cost is the main reason for the increase of endowment. For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. Consequently, many newly married couples turn to their parents for help.2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案（2）中国结(Chinese knot)是中国文化的典型代表之一。
2020年6月大学英语四级翻译真题及参考答案
2020年6月大学英语四级翻译真题及参考答案2020年6月全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。
许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直努力改善公交车的服务质量。
车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。
然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。
现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
Buses used to be one of the main vehicles for Chinese people. Recently, due to the increasing number of private cars, the traffic problems in cities become more serious. In order to encourage the public to take buses instead of private cars, many cities manage to improve their buses’ quality of service.The facilities of buses have been upgraded, and the speed increased significantly. Meanwhile, the prices of buses remain rather low. Now, in most cities, many local senior citizens can take buses for free.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。
他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。
航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。
2020年9月大学英语四级考试翻译真题答案汇总(3套)
2020年9月大学英语四级考试翻译真题答案汇总(3套)Tea has a history of 5,000 years。
Legend has it that when Shen Nong。
the mythical emperor of China。
was drinking boiled water。
a few wild leaves fell into the pot。
and the water XXX。
XXX。
XXX of status。
Today。
tea is not only a healthy drink。
but also a part of Chinese culture。
More and more nal tourists are learning about Chinese XXX.If you are planning a trip to Beijing。
there are two XXX do: climb the Great Wall and indulge in some Peking Duck。
This iconic dish。
once reserved for the imperial court。
can now be found in XXX date back to the Ming Dynasty。
over 600 years ago。
when talented chefs from all over China were invited to come tothe capital to cook for the XXX imperial palace was considered a great honor。
and only the most skilled chefs were given the opportunity to do so。
It is these court chefs who have perfectedthe art of Peking Duck.Today。
2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析精选汇编(最新)
【篇一】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析He had a perfect resume and gave goodresponses to her questions, but the fact that henever looked her in the eye said "untrustworthy", so she decided to offer thejob to her second choice.原文译文：他的简历堪称完美，对她提出的问题也能对答如流，但他从来不正视蒂法尼的眼睛，这让她感觉他这个人“不可靠”。
因此，她把这份工作给了她的第二人选。
四级词汇讲解：本句中so引导的是结果状语从句，主句部分为but连接的并列句，主干为he had resume and gaveresponse, but fact said "untrustworthy"。
第二个分句中that引导的是fact的同位语从句。
response的意思是“回答;反应”，常与介词to连用。
如：He made no response to my question. 他没有回答我的问题。
decide to do sth.的意思是“决定做某事”。
如：He decided to leave his job. 他决定离职。
offer sth. to sb.的意思是“为某人提供某物”。
如：They offered the opportunity to someone else. 他们把机会给别人了。
【篇二】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析The reverse flow, from developed todeveloping countries, is on the rise,too.原文译文：从发达国家到发展中国家的逆向流动也有所增长。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是flow is on the rise。
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题(3)
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题（3）1. In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ).2. Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ).3. I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ).4. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt.5. The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .参考答案：1. consider/take into account the factor of increasing price.「超级单词」Take…… into account=take…… into consideration 把……考虑在内2. did he notice me and shouted with happiness「超级句型」这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它3. let alone discuss with him「超级短语」let alone用作连词，译为"更不用说了"4. turn to their parents「超级短语」turn to sb. for help 求助于别人5. would have survived「超级句型」在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用"情态动词+现在完成时"，即would/ could/ should/ might have done。
2020年6月大学英语四级翻译真题及答案.doc
2020 年 6 月大学英语四级翻译真题及答案2020 年6 月大学英四翻真及答案In the eyes of the western, the basic food closest toChina isrice. Rice has long occupied so significant aposition in the dietof Chinese that there is a proverb“ Even a clever housewife cannotcook a meal without rice ”. Rice is grown mostly in southern Chinawhere people usuallytake rice as their staple food, while itcannot be planted innorthern China where the climate is either toocold or too dryfor rice to grow. As a result, the main crop in thenorth iswheat. In China, flour is sometimes the main ingredientforbread but more often used to make buns and noodles 。
第一句，句 ; 第二句如此以至于构“ so... that ⋯" 注意 so 的用法，直接接 adj. 或 adv。
第三句南北比，能用 while 或 whereas 接，最后一句也是比句，主 people 是比泛的大主，考改写被句。
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
构成在世界基的很多元素都起源于中国。
中国在有世界上展最快的，并着一次新的工革命。
中国启了雄心勃勃的太空探索划，其包括到2020 年建成一个太空站。
四级翻译长难句
四级翻译长难句精编1. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure aboutradiation damage –--a person may fe el perfectly well, but thecells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will notbe discov ered until the birth of deformed (畸形) children oreven grandchildren.问题是很难明确辐射的伤害—一个人可能感觉良好，但他(她)的性器官细胞可能受到损伤，而且有些直到生下畸形儿甚至是畸形孙儿才会被发现。
2. In the end , only 7 out of 19 regular Cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all for trails. The diet-Cola drinkers did a little worse – only 7 of 27 identified all four sample correctly.最后，只有7/19的传统可乐爱好者正确地辨别出了他们的品牌，而低糖可乐爱好者水平更差—只有7/27的人辩出了四种混合的品牌。
3. Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.口味是个非常主观的问题，所以对于食物我们一般不进行偏好测试。
4. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.区分周围的环境或者有机物体，以及分辨作用于有机物的影响力是生物内部的还是来自于外部环境的，看起来非常简单。
英语四级翻译长难句练习
英语四级翻译长难句练习With the increasing popularity of English as a global language, it has become essential for language learners to have a strong grasp of translation skills. Translating long and complex sentences can be particularly challenging, as it requires not only a solid understanding of the source language but also the ability to convey the meaning accurately and fluently in the target language. In this article, we will provide a series of exercises aimed at improving your ability to translate long and difficult sentences.Exercise 1:原句：在这个全球化的时代，掌握一门外语已经成为高度竞争的优势。
Translation: In this era of globalization, possessing a foreign language has become a significant competitive advantage.Exercise 2:原句：虽然他有很多好处，但是这项计划的开销太大了。
Translation: Despite its many benefits, this plan is too costly.Exercise 3:原句：这本书是如此令人着迷，以至于我一夜未眠地读完了。
四级考试长难句翻译练习（1-20）全
大学英语四六级考试长难句翻译练习（1）11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.答案：11、我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法，而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜。
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。
这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.Classroom ：1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge。
要点：本句是由并列连词but，and引导的并列复合句。
在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句，修饰名词light，定语从句的引导词that被省略。
“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。
参考译文：当然萧伯纳是言过其实了，但他所说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。
2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself.要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。
And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。
for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。
参考译文：大部分时间都是他在讲话。
他似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请他离开。
英语四级翻译长难句精编 1
英语四级翻译长难句精编 11. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage --a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed (畸形) children or even grandchildren.问题是很难明确辐射的伤害一个人可能感觉良好，但他(她)的性器官细胞可能受到损伤，而且有些直到生下畸形儿甚至是畸形孙儿才会被发现。
2. In the end , only 7 out of 19 regular Cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all for trails. The diet-Cola drinkers did a little worse only 7 of 27 identified all four sample correctly.最后，只有7/19的传统可乐爱好者正确地辨别出了他们的品牌，而低糖可乐爱好者水平更差只有7/27的人辩出了四种混合的品牌。
3. Taste is such a subjective matter that we dont usually conduct preference tests for food.口味是个非常主观的问题，所以对于食物我们一般不进行偏好测试。
4. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external andenvironmental.区分周围的环境或者有机物体，以及分辨作用于有机物的影响力是生物内部的还是来自于外部环境的，看起来非常简单。