Chapter 3 phonology音系学

Chapter Three Phonology

Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.

1. S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.

2. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_______ rules.

3. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_________.

4. P___________ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.

5. Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s_________ stress.

6. In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating ____________.

7. ____________ is the smallest linguistic unit.

Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.

1. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.

A. in phonemic contrast

B. in complementary distribution

C. the allophones

D. minimal pair

2. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.

A. phonetic components

B. immediate constituents

C. suprasegmental features

D. semantic features

3. A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.

A. phone

B. sound

C. allophone

D. phoneme

4.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.

A. phones

B. sounds

C. phonemes

D. allophones

5. Conventionally a ____________ is put in slashes.

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called ____________.

A. minimal pairs

B. allomorphs

C. phones

D. allophones

Ⅲ. Decide whether the following statements are True [T] or False [F].

1. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.

2. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.

3. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.

4. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.

5. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.

6. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for