英美概况chapter1
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tidal: adj. of or relating to or caused by tides 潮的，有关潮水的；潮汐的；定 时涨落的 —This trend of thought and society tidal current have deep tradition basic and realism reason. 其思潮和社会潮流，本 来就是有着深远传统基础和现实原因。 catchment: n. a structure in which water is collected流域；集水 —Buying closes tool to know the catchment way of oneself toilet is a very serious problem. 购买马桶了解自家卫 生间的排水方式是个很重要的问题
2
2. New words
sovereign: adj. independent of outside authority (国家) 有主权的；完全独立的 —When did it become a sovereign country? 这个国家是什么时候成为主权国的？ complicated: adj. made up of intricate parts or aspects that are difficult to understand or analyze 复杂的 —Why does he have to wrap it all up in such complicated language? 他为什么非得用这么艰深的语言说话呢?
16
life expectancy: 平均寿命 pensionable age:可拿养老金的年纪。 population density:人口密度 subsequent: adj. following in time or order随后的，后来的 —He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery.
8
proximity: n. the region close around a person or thing接近，亲近 notoriously: adv. to a notorious degree 臭名昭著地，众所周知地 —The innkeeper is a notoriously hard driving, whip-cracking perfectionist. 这 个酒馆的老板出名地凶狠, 不准手下人 犯一点错误。 convergence: n. the occurrence of two or more things coming together汇聚， 汇合点，收敛
9
maritime: adj. relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen海的, 海上的, 海事的 —England was a great maritime power. 英国曾是海上的强国。 air mass: n. 气团 susceptible: adj. easily impressed emotionally 易受外界影响的，易受感 染的 —He’s so susceptible that she easily gained his affection. 他易受感情影响， 所以她很轻易就得到了他的爱。
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margin: n. the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary边缘； 利润，余裕；页边的空白 —Could you use correction fluid to cover the letters on margin. 你能用涂改 液涂去这一页边上的这些字母吗？ derelict: adj. worn and broken down by hard use玩忽职守的，被抛弃了的，无 主的 —Doors of derelict houses may be boarded and nailed up to prevent children from getting in.无人居住的房 子，可以用木板把门户钉起来，以防 止小孩进入。
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geomorphology: n. the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms地形学 tectonics: n. the science of architecture 构造学，构造地质学 —Structural geology and Tectonics is an important branch of geology, which shows no prosperity in recent years. 摘 要构造地质学是地质学中的一个重要 分支学科，近来显得不大景气。
CHAPTER ONE
Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom
1
1. Famous Quotation
Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. — Francis Bacon British Philosopher
7
semi-arid: adj. 半干旱的 annual: adj. occurring or payable every year每年的，年度的，一年生的 —If you want to join, there’s an entrance fee of $20 and an annual membership fee of $10. 入会须缴入会费20美元，年费10美 元。 latitude: n. 纬度，界限，自由选择权 —The latitude of the island is 30 degrees north. 这个岛的纬度是北纬三十度。
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fracture: n. breaking of hard tissue such as bone破裂，断裂；骨折 —Fracture of any part of the body can be very serious in old people. 老年人身 体的任何部位发生骨折都有可能成为 严重疾患。 traverses: n.&v. a horizontal beam that extends across something横贯，横木 —The railway traverses hundreds of miles of desert.这条铁路贯穿数百英里 的沙漠。
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estuary: n. the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix河口，江口，海湾 —The river opens out suddenly into a broad estuary. 江面忽然开阔起来， 形成一个宽广的河。 rugged: adj. topographically very uneven粗糙的，坚固的，崎岖的，高 低不平的 —A postman pedals along a rugged path. Rain or shine, they bring the villagers news about the world beyond. 邮递员奔波在崎岖的山路上， 他们每天风雨无阻，为村民们带去外 面世界的信息。
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glaciation: n. the condition of being covered with glaciers or masses of ice; the result of glacial action冰河作用，冻 结成冰 terrain: n. a piece of ground having specific characteristics or military potential地带，地域，地形 —A jeep is ideal for driving over rough terrain. 吉普车很适合在高低不平的路面上行 驶.
3
Biblioteka Baidu
subdivision: n. a portion that is the result of subdividing 细分，一部分，分支 —A large citizens’ organization based on kinship, constituting the largest political subdivision of an ancient Greek city-state. 宗族一种基于亲戚关系的巨大的市民组织, 它 组成了古希腊城邦的最大的政治分支 entity: n. that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) 实体；存在； 本质 —With bees one always talks about the colony as a single entity. 总是将蜜蜂这个群体作为一个单独的整体来 谈论。
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sheltered: adj. provide shelter for （ 动 词 shelter的过去式和过去分词形式）受保护的； 受庇护的 —These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight. 这种植物必须遮起来，免受 阳光直射。 plausible: adj. apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful 似真实合理的，似可信的 —He trotted out a most plausible story, but most of us were inclined to doubt the truth of it.他提出了一个听起来很有道理的说法， 但我们大多数人对此都持怀疑态度。
4
jurisdiction: n. (law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law 司法权，审判权， 管辖权，控制权 —The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对居住在本国的外交官无裁判权。 distinction: n. a discrimination between things as different and distinct差别，不同 —We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。
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navigable: adj. able to be sailed on or through safely 可航行的，可通船的，适于 航行的 —With its engine broken, this great ship was not navigable. 这条大船的马达坏了， 无法再航行了。 temperate: adj. (of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate温和的，适度的， 有节制的 —Ninety per cent of the country lies in the temperate zone. 这个国家百分之九十的地 方都是温带。
tidal: adj. of or relating to or caused by tides 潮的，有关潮水的；潮汐的；定 时涨落的 —This trend of thought and society tidal current have deep tradition basic and realism reason. 其思潮和社会潮流，本 来就是有着深远传统基础和现实原因。 catchment: n. a structure in which water is collected流域；集水 —Buying closes tool to know the catchment way of oneself toilet is a very serious problem. 购买马桶了解自家卫 生间的排水方式是个很重要的问题
2
2. New words
sovereign: adj. independent of outside authority (国家) 有主权的；完全独立的 —When did it become a sovereign country? 这个国家是什么时候成为主权国的？ complicated: adj. made up of intricate parts or aspects that are difficult to understand or analyze 复杂的 —Why does he have to wrap it all up in such complicated language? 他为什么非得用这么艰深的语言说话呢?
16
life expectancy: 平均寿命 pensionable age:可拿养老金的年纪。 population density:人口密度 subsequent: adj. following in time or order随后的，后来的 —He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery.
8
proximity: n. the region close around a person or thing接近，亲近 notoriously: adv. to a notorious degree 臭名昭著地，众所周知地 —The innkeeper is a notoriously hard driving, whip-cracking perfectionist. 这 个酒馆的老板出名地凶狠, 不准手下人 犯一点错误。 convergence: n. the occurrence of two or more things coming together汇聚， 汇合点，收敛
9
maritime: adj. relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen海的, 海上的, 海事的 —England was a great maritime power. 英国曾是海上的强国。 air mass: n. 气团 susceptible: adj. easily impressed emotionally 易受外界影响的，易受感 染的 —He’s so susceptible that she easily gained his affection. 他易受感情影响， 所以她很轻易就得到了他的爱。
15
margin: n. the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary边缘； 利润，余裕；页边的空白 —Could you use correction fluid to cover the letters on margin. 你能用涂改 液涂去这一页边上的这些字母吗？ derelict: adj. worn and broken down by hard use玩忽职守的，被抛弃了的，无 主的 —Doors of derelict houses may be boarded and nailed up to prevent children from getting in.无人居住的房 子，可以用木板把门户钉起来，以防 止小孩进入。
11
geomorphology: n. the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms地形学 tectonics: n. the science of architecture 构造学，构造地质学 —Structural geology and Tectonics is an important branch of geology, which shows no prosperity in recent years. 摘 要构造地质学是地质学中的一个重要 分支学科，近来显得不大景气。
CHAPTER ONE
Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom
1
1. Famous Quotation
Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. — Francis Bacon British Philosopher
7
semi-arid: adj. 半干旱的 annual: adj. occurring or payable every year每年的，年度的，一年生的 —If you want to join, there’s an entrance fee of $20 and an annual membership fee of $10. 入会须缴入会费20美元，年费10美 元。 latitude: n. 纬度，界限，自由选择权 —The latitude of the island is 30 degrees north. 这个岛的纬度是北纬三十度。
10
fracture: n. breaking of hard tissue such as bone破裂，断裂；骨折 —Fracture of any part of the body can be very serious in old people. 老年人身 体的任何部位发生骨折都有可能成为 严重疾患。 traverses: n.&v. a horizontal beam that extends across something横贯，横木 —The railway traverses hundreds of miles of desert.这条铁路贯穿数百英里 的沙漠。
13
estuary: n. the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix河口，江口，海湾 —The river opens out suddenly into a broad estuary. 江面忽然开阔起来， 形成一个宽广的河。 rugged: adj. topographically very uneven粗糙的，坚固的，崎岖的，高 低不平的 —A postman pedals along a rugged path. Rain or shine, they bring the villagers news about the world beyond. 邮递员奔波在崎岖的山路上， 他们每天风雨无阻，为村民们带去外 面世界的信息。
12
glaciation: n. the condition of being covered with glaciers or masses of ice; the result of glacial action冰河作用，冻 结成冰 terrain: n. a piece of ground having specific characteristics or military potential地带，地域，地形 —A jeep is ideal for driving over rough terrain. 吉普车很适合在高低不平的路面上行 驶.
3
Biblioteka Baidu
subdivision: n. a portion that is the result of subdividing 细分，一部分，分支 —A large citizens’ organization based on kinship, constituting the largest political subdivision of an ancient Greek city-state. 宗族一种基于亲戚关系的巨大的市民组织, 它 组成了古希腊城邦的最大的政治分支 entity: n. that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) 实体；存在； 本质 —With bees one always talks about the colony as a single entity. 总是将蜜蜂这个群体作为一个单独的整体来 谈论。
6
sheltered: adj. provide shelter for （ 动 词 shelter的过去式和过去分词形式）受保护的； 受庇护的 —These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight. 这种植物必须遮起来，免受 阳光直射。 plausible: adj. apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful 似真实合理的，似可信的 —He trotted out a most plausible story, but most of us were inclined to doubt the truth of it.他提出了一个听起来很有道理的说法， 但我们大多数人对此都持怀疑态度。
4
jurisdiction: n. (law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law 司法权，审判权， 管辖权，控制权 —The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对居住在本国的外交官无裁判权。 distinction: n. a discrimination between things as different and distinct差别，不同 —We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。
5
navigable: adj. able to be sailed on or through safely 可航行的，可通船的，适于 航行的 —With its engine broken, this great ship was not navigable. 这条大船的马达坏了， 无法再航行了。 temperate: adj. (of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate温和的，适度的， 有节制的 —Ninety per cent of the country lies in the temperate zone. 这个国家百分之九十的地 方都是温带。