【李辉老师语法】04_情态动词
李辉老师语法主谓一致
讲义·主谓一致谓语动词三要素：主被动、时态、主谓一致（虚拟语气、情态动词）主语和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是主谓一致。
也就是，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。
My family _is_ (be) a big one.My family _are_ (be) watching TV.family = 整体（一个家）= 单数family = 家庭里所有的成员= 复数【壹】语法形式一致原则一、主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时，主谓一致仍看中心词表示增加的：as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, plus等along with 和in addition to 除此之外（包含前面的内容）besides 除此之外（包含前面的内容）accompanied by 跟随着……plus 加上，还有The man (together with his wife and children) sits on the sofa watching TV.那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。
The man, his wife and their children sit on the sofa watching TV.and是并列连词表示减去的：except, but（除去）等All the students (except Tom) have been to America.除汤姆外，其他学生都去过美国。
I want nobody but you.表示补充说明的：including, rather than, like（像）, such as等The text book, plus its reference books, is well designed.这本教材，还有参考书，设计的都很好。
【辉哥审校】动词的时态和语态及情态动词-2016年高考+联考模拟英语试题分项版解析(原卷版)
2016年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题2动词的时态和语态及情态动词老师叮咛：所谓聪明都是小聪明，而真正的智慧呢，就是能够学会去发现各种规律，君子性非异也，善假于各种规律也。
无论我们学了多少知识，只是我们知道的，能否成为自己的就看联系，下面有关时态语态的练习非常重要，经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真整理校对，无错、可信！可供全网各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！1. 【2016·北京】Jack________in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. WorksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work2. 【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars. We________here for more than two hours.A. waitedB. waitC. would be waitingD. have been waiting3. 【2016·北京】I________half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will read4. 【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________with success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded5. 【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I________get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. shouldn’t6. 【2016·北京】Why did not you tell me about your trouble last week? If you________me, I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell7. 【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported,________in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are madeB. will be madeC. are being madeD. have been made8. 【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD.should not have been9. 【2016·江苏】Dashan, who________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A. will be learningB. is learningC. had been learningD. has been learning10. 【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I________for years.A. didn’t seeB. haven’t seenC. hadn’t seenD. wouldn’t see11. 【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I________get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t12. 【2016·天津】I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I________.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured13. 【2016·浙江】Silk________one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had becomeB. was becomingC. has becomeD. is becoming14. 【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-relateddeaths________since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen15. 【2016·浙江】George________too far . His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can't have goneD. needn't have gone16. 【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】—What if I had parked my car here just now?—What luck! You________.A. would have been finedB. should be finedC. would be finedD. must have been fined17. 【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】—Excuse me, but I want to use your computerto search for some information.—You________have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A. needn’tB. shan’tC. shouldn’tD. mightn’t18. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】—Mike went to the hos p ital alone.—If he________me about it, I would have gone with himshould tellA.tellingB. toldC.had toldD. tells19. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】A traffic regulation released in a foreign country states that passengers sharing a car with a drunken driver________be punished together with the driver himself.A. shallB. mustC. canD. will20. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】—Have you persuaded him?—Yes. After hours of discussion, I________to reason him into accepting the new plan.A. managedB. would manageC. have managedD. had managed21.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】The Dragon Boat Festival________the beginning of the hottest season of the year.A. is markingB. marksC. will markD. marked22.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】I________my cellphone last night. Now the battery is running out.A. could have chargedB. might chargeC. should have chargedD. would charge23.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】—Let’s go to the cinema this Sunday morning.—I’d love to, but I________as a volunteer in my community then.A. will workB. have workedC. will be workingD. was working24.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】Mrs. Green treats her students as if they________her children.A. areB. wereC. had beenD. would be25. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次(5月)综合练习】You________worry about me. I’ve decided to joina local health club.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. dare not26. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】—Have you asked Peter for advice?—No, he________someone, so I didn’t disturb him.A. is talking withB. has talked withC. was talking withD. had talked with27. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】Social and cultural activities for senior citizens________over the past several years.A. conductedB. were conductedC. have conductedD. have been conducted28. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】The driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident________.A. didn’t happenB. hadn’t happenedC. wouldn’t happenD. wouldn’t have happened29. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】Wait a moment. The director________her assistant pick up some sandwiches for the meeting.A. hasB. has hadC. had hadD. was having30.【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2016届高三教学情况调研（二）】—How can I live my dreams in a short time?—Be practical. Between you and your dreams________a lot of hard work.A. standB. standsC. is standingD. are standing（本资料部分内容来源于网络，版权归原作者所有。
英语强调句型篇
英语强调句型篇老师叮咛：李辉老师说，想要提高作文水平，掌握正确的语法十分关键！下面的一个例句都是历年真题中最常出现的、最值得同学们优先理解的虚拟语气考点！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵！辉哥说：强烈的欲望和企图心，足以摧毁你面前的一切障碍。
有时候不是自己不行，而是自己没有把自己逼到绝路上！一．强调句的类型1. 对谓语动词的强调强调谓语动词时，用“do/does/did＋动词原形”来表示，意为“确实，一定，肯定”。
如：Do be careful when crossing the street.The train does move.They did come to see you yesterday，but failed to meet you.2. It强调句型1）It强调句型的基本形式It强调句型最基本的句式结构为：It be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子被强调部分是除谓语之外的其他句子成分，可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句；当强调人时，可以用who 或that；强调其他成分，则只能用that。
如：It is I who/that am right. （强调主语）2）对not...until...结构的强调句型为：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。
I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.注意：强调句只用until，不用till。
但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is / was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
高中英语语法讲解情态动词
高中英语语法讲解情态动词概述1. 共有10个情态动词：can/could, may/might, will/would, shall, should, ought to, must；2个半情态动词need,dare2. 特点：（1）情态动词后加动词原形（即不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语；（2）没有人称和数的变化；（3）多数情态动词有过去式，但其过去式有时并不表示时态，而只起“委婉或不确定语气”的作用。
Would you do me a favour?She may/might be watering the flowers now.3. 情态动词在句子中可发挥不同作用，如表能力，表责任与义务，表推测，表征求允许，表请求，表建议，表语气态度等等● He can/could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.● You should/ought to/must work hard to win a gold medal.● Can/Could/May/Might I watch the Olympics tonight?● Will/Can/Could/Would you help me with my training?● He might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the football match tonight.● I suggest that you should watch the opening ceremony.● Can this be true?4. (1)情态动词+do 表对一般现在或将来情况的推测(2)情态动词+ be doing 表对正在发生的事情的推测(3)情态动词+have done 表对过去已经发生的事情的推测● 常见“情态动词+have done”归纳1. could have done 过去本有能力做某事但没做（虚拟）2. may/might have done ①过去可能已经做了某事（推测）②过去本可能做某事但没做（虚拟）(责备)3. must have done过去一定已经做了某事（推测）4. can't/couldn't have done过去不可能已经做了某事（推测）5. should/ ought to have done ①过去应该已经做了某事（推测）②过去本应该做某事但没做（虚拟）（责备）6. shouldn't/ oughtn't to have done 过去本不应该做某事但做了（虚拟）（责备）7. needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但做了（虚拟）例句1) You could have got a full mark, but you were to careless.2) She may have missed the first train in the morning.3) You may have hurt yourself when climbing the tree.4) You must have stayed up late last night.5) It can't/couldn't have rained last night, for the streets are dry.6) They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.7) You should have e to the meeting earlier.8) You shouldn't have told Mary the sad truth.9) You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was near my house.一、can/could 的用法3. 固定用法：(1) can not/never…too/enough “再怎么…也不过分，越…越好”● I can never thank you enough.● You can't be too careful.● You can never remember too many words.(2) can't + 比较级“不能更...，非常...”● I can't agree more.● The film couldn't be more boring(3) cannot but do sth. 不得不，只好● I cannot but admire your bravery.(4) can't help doing sth 情不自禁做； can't help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做二、may/might的用法3．may表示祝愿或希望。
【李辉老师语法】02_被动语态
讲义·被动语态1、主动vs. 被动2、时态3、主谓一致【壹】为什么会有被动语态？名词和动词的关系有两种：1、名词发出一个动作咖啡+ 散发2、动作作用在名词上（名词接受一个动作）散发+ 香味香味+ （被）散发一、被动语态的基本长相：be + done（过去分词）大门在七点钟被打开了。
The gate was opened (at seven).农作物因暴风雨而蒙受损害。
The crops were damaged (by the storm).暴风雨损坏农作物。
二、从主动语态转换成被动语态的基本原则主动语态The storm damaged the crops.被动语态The crops were damaged (by the storm).SOP（Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作流程）1、动词变成“be动词+ 过去分词”2、将主动语态的宾语提升为主语3、主动语态的主语，若有必要，可放到by后面。
三、何种场合要用被动语态——先确认“主角”1、执行动作的一方是否重要李辉打向迪。
LH hit DG.DG was hit (by LH).DG was hit.使用场景当不知道或不强调动作发出者的时候，就可以使用被动语态。
例句(1) The newspapers are delivered around 5:00 a.m.报纸在清晨5点左右送达。
(2) This temple was built about 500 years ago.这座寺庙建于约500年前。
2、新信息还是旧信息（其实就是“七选五”）例句(1) My brother is an artist. He designed this poster.我哥哥是个艺术家。
他设计了这张海报。
Look at this poster. It was designed (by my brother).看这张海报，它是我哥哥设计的。
“三长两短一并列”,搞定英语长难句(文：李辉)
“三长两短一并列”，搞定英语长难句文/ 李辉长难句可谓英语文章中让人头疼的大麻烦。
那么，有没有一种简便的方法能让我们迅速破解长难句呢？当然有。
下面，笔者就通过分析英语句子中的重要特点——“三长两短一并列”来教你一套简单而神奇的方法，即“组件分析三步法”，帮你快速理清英语句子结构，轻松破解英语长难句。
下文的讲解虽看似繁琐，但只要你耐心读下去，必会受益无穷！什么是“三长两短一并列”我们先来看两句话：①我是李辉。
(I am Li Hui.) ②我爱你。
(I love you. ) 这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。
像这样的句子，中文和英文的“语序”(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是“主—系—表”或者“主—谓—宾”，理解起来非常容易。
然而，在加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。
来看两个例子：①我是新东方的李辉。
(I am Li Hui from New Oriental School.) ②我全心全意地爱你。
(I love you with all my heart.) 从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。
而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。
例如：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. 我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成：(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). 此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。
情态动词英语语法知识精讲
情态动词英语语法知识精讲情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
小编在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。
特征1)情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
2)情态动词所表示的情态有：命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。
3)情态动词(ought 除外)和助动词 shall，will，should，would 一样，后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。
形式变化1)没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。
如：I can We canYou can You canHeThey canShe canIt2)有些情态动词有过去式，有少数过去式和它的原形相同。
a)有过去式的情态动词有：may -- wouldcan ―― couldmay ― ― nigh tshall -- shouldhave to -- had tob)过去式不变的情态动词有：must - must (或 had to)ought to - ought toneed---needdare - dare(亦可用 dared)3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式，如：can(may，must)be doing，can(may，must) have done，can(may，must)be done 等。
否定式情态动词和助动词一样，后面可直接跟否定词not。
现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下：shall not--shan't [FB:nt]will not---won't [wEunt]can not-can't [kB:nt]must not-mustn't [5mQsnt]should not-- shouldn'twould not-- wouldn'tcould not-- couldn'tdare not- daren't [dZEnt]need not-- needn't在疑问句中的用法情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词与情态副词的特殊用法
高中英语知识点归纳情态动词与情态副词的特殊用法情态动词和情态副词在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色。
它们不仅能够表达说话者的态度和情感，还能够传达一些特殊的意义和信息。
在高中英语学习中，学生们需要对情态动词和情态副词的特殊用法有所了解。
本文将对高中英语中常见的情态动词和情态副词特殊用法进行归纳总结。
一、情态动词的特殊用法1. 表示推测和可能性情态动词can、could、may、might、must、should等可以用于表示对某种情况的推测和可能性。
例如：- He can be at home.（他可能在家。
）- It must be raining outside.（外面一定在下雨。
）2. 表示许可和请求表示许可的情态动词有can、could、may，表示请求的情态动词有can、could、may、would。
例如：- Can I go to the restroom?（我可以去洗手间吗？）- Could you please help me with my homework?（你能帮我做作业吗？）3. 表示能力和能够情态动词can和could可以表示能力和能够的意思。
例如：- She can speak three languages.（她能说三种语言。
）- Could you play the piano when you were a child?（小时候你会弹钢琴吗？）4. 表示义务和必要性情态动词must和should可以表示义务和必要性。
例如：- You must finish your homework before going out.（出去之前你必须完成作业。
）- She should apologize for what she said.（她应该为她说的话道歉。
）二、情态副词的特殊用法1. 表示程度和强调情态副词really、very、extremely等可以用于表示程度和强调。
李辉 辉哥中考英语小灶课-中考英语核心单词辨析
今天整理了中考英语复习的重点核心词汇，总结中考核心词汇考点,甄选高频、难记、易混词汇,并辅以最新中考真题,希望帮助考生们抓住要重点、提升效率。
李辉辉哥中考英语小灶课-中考英语核心单词辨析【中考英语核心单词辨析】1.borrow/lend/keep 辨析（1）borrow表示主语向别人借进东西，是短暂性动词。
谐音“抱走”。
词组：borrow sth.from sb.从某人借走某物（2）lend表示主语把东西借给别人，是短暂性动词。
谐音“烂的”。
词组：lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.借给某人某物（3）keep“保持”。
表达“借多么”，通常与介词for连用。
--How long can I keep your phone？--You can keep it for 2 hours.2.feel感觉/摸起来给人...感觉（1）作系动词（把“主语”和“表现”联系起来！！！）·人+feel+adi表示“感觉..…”·物+feel+adj表示“摸起来.…”①I'm not feeling well today.我今天感到很不舒服。
②The shirt feels soft.这件衬衫摸起来很柔软。
（2）作实义动词（实义动词：实际发生的事情！！！）·feel like sth.想要某物（此处like是介词，后面必须加名词）·feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.=want to do sth.想要做某事·feel free to do sth 随意做某事·feel+that从句感到.…/感觉..…eg:Please feel free to call me.请随意给我打电话。
eg:Please feel free to ask me questions in our Wechat group.请在咱们微信群中随意问我问题。
高中英语语法 情态动词用法总结(20张PPT)-经典通用课件资料
A. could B. would C. should D. might
C
2. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There_____
A. should CA. will
B. would D. shall
be twelve.
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5. must
1. 表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须”“应该”， 其否定式表示“不应该”“不许可” “不准”“禁止”。
Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustn’t speak like that to their parents.
3. 表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定”“务必”。
Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden.
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Complete the following sentences using modal verbs.
5) Can/Could I use your dictionary? 6) Could you lend me a hand?
3. 表示“请求” “允许”(表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can)
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4. 表示“许可”，可与may 换用。 You can go home now.
1. 表“请求、建议”等，用 would 比用will 委婉，客气些 Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?
【李辉老师语法】01_谓语动词的写法
谓语动词的写法实义动词助动词谓语动词I will go to Beijing.I will go to Beijing.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I have been informed the news.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I have been informed the news.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I have been informed the news.I must work hard.I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I have been informed the news.I must work hard.I love you.He loves you. Does he love you?I do love you.I did love you.love =do +love loves =does +love实义动词助动词谓语动词时态被动虚拟情态意思实义动词助动词谓语动词★do 类：do /does /did /doing /done ★will 类：will /would ★have 类：have /has /had ★be 类：am /is /are /was /were /being /been(did + will )(did + have )请写出work 的过去将来完成进行时的被动语态的否定形式过去→did捏将来→will do完成→have done进行→be doing被动→be donedid will do have done be doing be done workdid will do have done be doing be done workwould have been being workedwould n't have been being worked过去→did将来→will do 完成→have done 进行→be doing 被动→be done★将来进行时的主动的否定（expect）★过去将来时的否定（treat）★现在完成进行时的被动的否定（protect）★过去完成进行时（conduct）★一般将来进行时的主动的肯定（describe）★将来进行时的主动的否定（expect）won't be expecting★过去将来时的否定（treat）wouldn't treat★现在完成进行时的被动的否定（protect）haven't been being protected★过去完成进行时（conduct）had been conducting★一般将来进行时的主动的肯定（describe）will be describing。
表示推测的情态动词 !
表示推测的情态动词老师叮咛：李辉老师说，“一切的道理比不过三个字，‘我愿意！’。
”情态动词这个部分虽然并不在高考中占据很大的分值，但是掌握情态动词应当是一个愿意把英语学好的人所必需的。
下面的内容就为大家讲解了表示推测的情态动词。
本文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵！情态动词must, can / could, may / might均可表示推测，它们可以对过去、现在或将来的情况作出语气强弱不同的推测。
在运用情态动词表示推测时，我们应该着重把握以下两点：1.把握推测语气的特点，选择恰当的情态动词。
(1)表示肯定的推测时，各情态动词语气从弱到强依次为might→may→could→can→must；表示否定的推测时，can’t / couldn’t语气较强，意为“不可能”；may not / might not语气较弱，意为“可能不”。
【注意】must的否定形式mustn’t不表示否定推测，而是表示“不许可”或“不应该”。
(2)情态动词表示推测时，在用法上有一些限制：●must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。
Eg：They have been working hard all day. They must be tired.●can多用于否定句或疑问句中，could可用于各种句式。
Eg：Can the story be true?Simon can’t be at home, for I saw him going shop-ping just now.You mustn’t smoke when you are walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.●may / might用于肯定句和否定句中。
Eg：It may or may not rain. I’m not sure.Peter might come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.2.确定被推测时间，正确判断动词时态。
【辉哥审校】高考英语情态动词解题指导(1)
情态动词老师叮咛：想要提高英语水平,掌握正确的语法十分关键!下面的内容是情态动词的相关知识点，也是最值得同学们优先理解的高考考语法知识点!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵！一.概念：情态动词是表示能力，义务，必须，猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。
二.相关知识点精讲：1.can1)表能力can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
eg：I can climb this pole.我能爬这根杆子。
eg：He is only four, but he can read.他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
eg：Fire can't destroy gold.火烧不毁金子。
因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来式时用will be able to。
eg：You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。
2)表可能性多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。
eg：Can the news be true?这消息可能是真的吗？eg：It can't be true.它不可能是真的。
eg：What can he possibly mean?他可能是什么意思？can用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性（一时的可能）。
eg：The road can be blocked.这条路可能会不通的。
may在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。
eg：The road may be blocked.这条路可能不通了。
3)表示允许（和may意思相近）常见于口语。
eg：Can (May) I come in?我能进来吗？eg：Can I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗？2.could的用法1)表过去的可能和许可，多用于间接引语中。
高中英语语法精讲第4章情态动词
高中英语语法精讲第四章情态动词.情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。
情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、情态动词的特征和形式二、A.情态动词的各种形式见下表：三、情态动词四、m ay五、m ight六、c an七、c ould八、m ust九、h ave to十、o ught to十一、will十二、would十三、shall十四、should十五、need十六、dare十七、used to十八、否定式十九、may not二十、might not二十一、c annot/can not二十二、c ould not二十三、m ust not二十四、d o not have to二十五、o ught not to二十六、w ill not二十七、w ould not二十八、s hall not二十九、s hould not三十、need not三十一、d are not三十二、u sed not to三十三、d id not use to三十四、简略否定式三十五、m ayn't（老式英语，现在不常见）三十六、m ightn't三十七、c an't三十八、c ouldn't三十九、m ustn't四十、don't have to四十一、o ughtn't to（否定句中to可省略）四十二、w on't四十三、w ouldn't四十四、s han't（只用于英国英语）四十五、s houldn't四十六、n eedn't四十七、d aren't四十八、u sedn't to四十九、d idn't use to五十、B．情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。
五十一、1．情态动词+do五十二、Y ou shouldn't be so careless.你不该这样粗心大意。
最全英语语法路线图(李辉老师总结)
简单句还能变得更复杂。简单句加上并列连词and,or, but, for就构成“并列句”；加上从属连词就构成“主从复合句”。主从复合句有三种形式，分别是名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。定语从句包括限制性和非限制性定语从句，也可以分为关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句。状语从句有九种，分别是时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、比较。再加上一个东西，叫独立主格结构；再加上强调句型，就是全部的英语语法。
英语语法路线图
英语语法分成词法和句法。其中，词法研究单词的词ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้和词性。词性包括实词和虚词。实词包括名、形、动、副、数；虚词包括冠、代、介、感、连。其中，实词中最难的是动词，动词研究谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词研究时态、被动、虚拟、情态和主谓一致；而非谓语动词研究三种形式，分别是动词不定式、动名词和分词，分词包括现在分词和过去分词。
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讲义·情态动词谓语动词= 助动词+ 实义动词I will go to Beijing.I must work hard.【壹】什么是情态（助）动词？他在家。
He is at home.（事实）He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）90%He could be at home.（很可能）60~70%He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）30~50%He might be at home.（或许，非常不确定）10~25%一、情态动词列举may / mightcan / couldwill / wouldshall / shouldmustneed二、使用情态动词的意义1、“推测”功能He is at home.（事实）He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）90%He could be at home.（很可能）60~70%He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）30~50%He might be at home.（或许，非常不确定）10~25%He might not be at home.（也许不在家）He may not be at home.（比might可能）He couldn't be at home.（很可能不在家）He can't be at home.（一定不在家）90%He isn't at home.（事实）2、基本功能做事的“能力”或“潜能”（can / could）I can lift 25kg.I can type.允许（may / might）You may leave early.预告（will / would / shall）It will rain soon.－Can we find our way home? －I'm sure we shall.不可推卸的义务和责任（should应该/ ought to / must必须）You should do as you are told.= You ought to do as you are told.You must be quiet.请求May I have your name, please?Can I use your pen?……你生病了，得去看医生！You must see a doctor.I think it might possibly be advisable for you to see a doctor.三、情态动词的语法特征1、没有人称和数的变化第一组I have a book.He has a book.They have a book.第二组I enjoy watching TV.We enjoy watching TV.He enjoys watching TV.第三组He is sleeping.I am sleeping.They are sleeping.对比He can swim.I can swim.We can swim.You can swim.2、后接动词原形一起作谓语We must exercise regularly.He may come late for a third time.She can swim across the river.【贰】各种“推测”的用法可以根据推测的时间，分为三种情况：①推测将来情况：用“情态动词+动词原形”She may/might/could come tomorrow.②推测现在情况：用“情态动词+动词原形”（或“情态动词+ be +现在分词”）His father can’t be at home now.He may stay at home now.His mother must be cooking now.③推测过去情况：用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”She must have read the book. 她一定读过这本书。
She can’t have been there before. 她以前不可能去过那里。
在表示“推测”时，情态动词用原形还是过去式，反映的是可能性大小而不是时态He is handsome.（事实）He must be handsome.（非常肯定的推断）He could be handsome.（很可能）He may be handsome.（仅仅可能而已）He might be handsome.（或许，非常不确定）He might not be handsome.（也许不帅气）He may not be handsome.（比might可能）He couldn't be handsome.（很可能不帅气）He can't be handsome.（一定不帅气）He isn't handsome.（事实）一、“情态动词+动词原形”推测现在或将来情况1、may与can表示推测①can表示理论上推测，多用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。
He can’t be at home. 他不可能在家。
Can the news be true?这消息可能是真的吗？【小试牛刀】1. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whose ______ it be?A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. can②may和might用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”。
It may rain tomorrow.（表示可能会发生）He may not come tomorrow.（他明天可能不来）He can't come tomorrow.（他明天不可能来）【小试牛刀】2. （2009辽宁）The traffic is heavy these days. I ______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. canB. mustC. needD. might3. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself.A. won’t; can’tB. mustn’t（千万别做）; mayC. shouldn’t; mustD. can’t; shouldn’t③用于否定句时，can't常译作“不可能”，而may not常译作“可能不”。
【小试牛刀】4. （2008浙江）You ______ be hungry already―you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t5. （2004上海春）You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.A. mustB. shallC. mayD. need6. （2002北京）- I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.- It ______ true because there was little snow there.A. may not beB. won’t beC. couldn’t beD. mustn’t be2、must表示推测must表示推测时译作“一定”，其否定为can't（不可能），而mustn't译作“千万不要”【小试牛刀】7. （2010北京）- Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.- Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. can8. （2011江西）It ______ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. needn’t9. （2012上海）The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. won’tD. mustn’t3、should表示推测should意思是“照理说来、应该”，其语气比较肯定；通常指非常可能的事，并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理。
He should be having class now. 他现在应该是在上课。
【小试牛刀】10. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.- They ______ be ready by 12:00.A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need11. （2007全国）- How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?- It ______ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must12. （2009全国）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There ______ be twelve.A. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall二、“情态动词+have+done”推测过去情况1、must have done肯定：must have done 过去一定做了某事否定：can't/couldn't have done 不可能已经做了某事【小试牛刀】13. （2010安徽）Jack descried his father, who ______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would beB. would have beenC. must beD. must have been14. （2005北京春）I have lost one of my gloves. I ______ it somewhere.A. must dropB. must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped15. （2000上海）My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture.A. couldn’t have attendedB. needn’t have attendedC. mustn’t have attendedD. shouldn’t have attended16. Jenny ______ with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home.A. can’t have beenB. mustn’t have beenC. must beD. may be2、could/may/might have done或许已经做了某事1) could have done的可能性要大于may have done2) may have done的可能性要大于might have done3) 陈述句中不用can have done【小试牛刀】17. （2000北京春）Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will18. （2008重庆）- I can't find my purse anywhere.- You ______ have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would19. （2012江苏）- Happy birthday!- Thank you! It’s the best present I ______ for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished3、can推测过去情况时，也不能用于肯定句can推测过去情况时，也只能用于否定句和疑问句，不能用于肯定句，而could不但可以用于否定句和疑问句，也可以用于肯定句。