高考英语考点之主谓一致

高考英语考点之主谓一致

考点详解

【命题解读】

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。

【命题预测】

主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题。纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一致中主要与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。预计2021年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。【复习建议】

1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；

2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；

3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；

4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。

高考主谓一致的知识结构

考向一语法一致

语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

☛His father is working on the farm.

☛Time is money.

☛To finish all the work on time is impossible.

☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

☛The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.

◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

What I bought were 3 English books.

What I say and do are helpful to you.

2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

Lucy and Lily are twins.

She and I are friends.

Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

The writer and artist has come.

◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every student and every teacher was in the room.

No boy and no girl likes it.

3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。

Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each of us has a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

Neither of the texts is interesting.

None of us has been to South Africa.

5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。

He is one of my students who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。

His family is a happy one.

The whole family are watching TV.

The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)

One third of the population here are workers.(人)

◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。

The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

A lot of time is wasted.

A lot of people take part in the meeting.

2/3 water is drunk by him.

2/3 students are absent.

8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

典例剖析

1.（2020·新课标卷I·语法填空）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).”【答案】67. means

【解析】此处考查主谓一致。主语it 为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词应用means。

2. （2020·新课标卷III·短文改错）My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.

【答案】第四句：don’t→ doesn’t

【解析】考查主谓一致。本句主语my dad 为第三人称单数，故应改为doesn’t。

3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. gives

B. has given

C. have given

D. give

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

考向二意义一致原则

1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。