高考英语考点之主谓一致
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结
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高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
它是英语语法中的重要内容,正确使用主谓一致有助于提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
下面是主谓一致的用法总结。
1.单数主语搭配单数谓语:- 例如:He runs every morning.- 主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即动词加“-s”或者“-es”。
2.复数主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:They run every morning.- 主语为复数时,谓语动词不加“-s”或者“-es”。
3.并列主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:Tom and Jerry are good friends.- 并列主语由连词“and”连接时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:Three days is enough.-具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语,常以复数形式表示。
5.集体名词的单数形式搭配单数谓语,但根据语境决定单复数:6. 由"one of + 复数名词"引导的主语,谓语动词用复数形式:- 例如:One of the students have won scholarships. (学生中有人获得了奖学金。
)- 此处的one of the students表示“其中一位学生”,主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
7.有些名词既可以作单数,又可以作复数,谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式:- 例如:The news is interesting. (这个新闻很有趣。
)- 例如:The news are good. (这些消息很好。
)- 此处的news是一个例子,作为可数名词时,可以看作单数或复数,谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式。
8. 在there be句型中- 例如:There is a cat on the table. (桌子上有一只猫。
)- 例如:There are two cats on the table. (桌子上有两只猫。
高考英语主谓一致用法全汇总
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高考英语主谓一致用法全汇总一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。
一样情形下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定式作主语、并列结构作主语、专门名词作主语时与谓语动词的一致等。
二、名词作主语01某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,假如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,假如就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。
这类名词有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,g overnment,group,party,public,team等。
名词population一词的使用情形类似。
“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
02某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。
03单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应依照意义决定单、复数。
如:A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。
Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。
04名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情形一样只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一样用单数。
如:The doctor’s is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。
My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。
常见的省略名词有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。
高考英语语法:主谓一致
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高考英语语法:主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致(或叫形式一致),意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
高考英语主谓一致
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主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式,同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
(一)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
(二)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数。
(三)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解(一)代词作主语1.不定代词either,neither, each, one,the other,another以及复合不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
高考英语:主谓一致原则
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主谓一致一、概念:主谓一致,即谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致主谓一致的原则主要有三个:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致1.语法一致:即主语为单数形式时,谓语动词使用单数形式;主语为复数形式时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
eg. Tom is a good student. (汤姆是个好学生)We often play football on the playground.2.意义一致:指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的具体意义,而不取决于表面上的形式。
eg. My family are having lunch now. (我们一家人现在正在吃午饭)强调的是家庭成员,看作复数Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. (这本书20美元太贵了)3.就近一致:指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,谓语动词的单复数形式与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。
eg. There is a pen and some books on the desk. (课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书)Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.Not only has she been late three times,she has also done no work. (她不仅迟到了三次,她还没干一点活)注:not only…but also…连接两个并列句,并且用于句首时,前一个句子要用部分倒装。
二、谓语动词用单数的情况1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
eg. Some water is in the table. (瓶子里有一些水)A ball is on the floor. (地上有个球)2.many a+单数名词做主语,意为“许多”,但谓语动词要用单数形式。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结
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高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
高中英语 高考语法 主谓一致 规则梳理
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主谓一致一、语法一致1.and,both...and...连接并列成分作主语。
此时谓语动词用复数形式eg. The plastic and rubber never rot.2.主语后带有with,as well as等引起的短语时此时谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的主语保持一致(就远一致的原则)eg. The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.3.不定代词或由不定代词修饰的词作主语若是表示单数意义的each,either等,谓语动词用单数;若是表示复数意义的both,few等,谓语动词用复数。
eg. Everything is in a complete mass.不定代词each,every,no修饰名词且用and连接多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
eg. In our country,every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4.“a/the number of+复数名词”作主语“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式“a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式eg. A number of students have gone for an outing.The number of the students is increasing year after year.5.由两部分构成一个整体的名词作主语此时谓语动词常用复数形式。
但主语前有a series of,a kind of,a piece of,a pair of 等修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式与表示计量单位的名词的单复数形式一致。
eg. My trousers are old,so I want to buy a new pair.A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。
2024年新高考版英语主谓一致、虚拟语气、省略、倒装、强调讲解部分
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“a number of+复数名词”作主 A number of other plants were
语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为 found in America.在美洲还发现
“许多……”;“the number of+ 了许多其他的植物。
复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词 The number of people who travel
复合不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、nobody/no one、something、anything、everything、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看 到莉萨,请她给我打个电话。 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难 事,只怕有心人。
If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他 明天不来,我们就推迟 这个会议。
使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气 1.用于宾语从句 以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原 形”。
原则
意义 一致
课标必备点梳理
常见用法
例句
当“几分之几/百分之几/half/ the rest/most+of+名词”结构作 主语时,一般根据of后的名词的 单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
20% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反 对自来水价格上调。
近五年高考英语真题解析——主谓一致
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近五年高考英语真题解析——主谓一致主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查,多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题,在完形填空中也会有所涉及,根据近年的高考真题分析,主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点,学生们可以结合真题进行学习。
考点掌握1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致;2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配;3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致;4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
1.(2020∙新课标Ⅰ卷) "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___68___ (construct)".【67题答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。
句意:“这使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。
”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
【68题答案】is constructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。
句意同上。
分析句子可知,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
2.(2020∙天津卷)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.A.are remainingB.have remainedC.is remainingD.has remained【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。
有关“主谓一致”的常见考点小结
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学法新探主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
它是高中英语中重要的语法知识点之一,也是高考英语的一大命题热点。
对此,笔者就主谓一致的常见考点进行了梳理,以期能够帮助同学们扎实掌握。
考点之一:整体原则整体原则是指主语为一个整体概念时,其谓语动词形式应与主语保持一致。
主要体现在:(1)当表示价格、时间、重量、长度、距离等的复数名词用作主语时,它往往被看作一个整体概念,所以其谓语动词应用单数形式。
如:Surely 10minutes is enough time for you to have a tea.(10分钟显然足够你喝怀茶)(2)当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,通常被视作一个整体,其谓语动词应用单数形式。
如:To go there by bus is a question.(坐公共汽车去那里是个问题)(3)当两个以上的名词组成一个整体作主语,表示同一人、事、物、概念时,其谓语动词应用单数形式。
如:The singer and composer is going to perform in America next week.(这位歌手兼作曲家下周将在美国演出)身兼两种身份的是同一个人。
【练一练】It is said that this popular novel will be made into a film ,but who is to star in the movie yet.A.aren ’t decidedB.haven ’t decidedC.isn ’t being decidedD.hasn ’t been decided 解析:句意是:据说,这本热门小说要拍成电影了,但是谁来主演这部电影还没有决定。
在英语中,从句用作主语表示一个整体时,谓语动词需遵循整体原则,用单数形式,此句表被动,故正确答案为D 项。
考点之二:就近原则所谓就近原则,是指谓语动词形式由它最靠近的主语决定。
超实用高考英语复习:高考语法填空抢分热点之主谓一致(解析版)
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高考语法填空抢分热点之主谓一致一、考点精讲1.动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例如:Watching TV too much is (be)bad for your health。
(看电视太多对你的健康有害。
)2.动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,通常用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
例如:To learn English very well is necessary./It is necessary to learn English very well.(学好英语是必要的。
)3.主语从句作主语,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。
例如:What is well-known to us is that the Summer Palace is in China.(众所周知,颐和园在中国。
)4.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单是形式。
例如:The bad news is incredible.(坏消息令人难以置信。
)5.主语后有with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,but,except,in addition to 等短语时,谓语动词遵循就远原则,在人称和数上要与前面的主语保持一致。
例如:Mr. White,along with his friends,is playing football.(怀特先生和他的朋友们正在踢足球。
)6.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则,常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例如:Neither I nor he has visited the Great Wall.(我和他都没有去过长城。
)二、高考题经典解读1.The publication of Great Expectations,which ______(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.【答案】was【解析】考查主谓一致。
高考英语语法主谓一致
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上海高考英语语法考点:主谓一致一,概念及基本规则:英语语法的主谓一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。
1,就近原则:not onl y…but also; not…but; neither…no r; either…or; there be;whether…or; or句型中,谓语动词与相邻的主语保持一致。
例:whetherhe or I am mad. 不是他就是我疯了。
2,就前原则:as well as; together with; rather than; along with; with; without;but; except; like; besides; including,in addition to等连接主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
二、谓语动词通常用单数的情形:1.当主语是一个从句,不定式或动名词时,谓语一般用单数。
但由and 连接两个不定式或动名词时,动词则用复数。
两个主语视为一体时,动词用单数。
主语从句所指物是单数或复数时,谓语用相应单复数。
whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me .To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use.Time and tide wait for no man.When and where to build the center hasn’t been decided.What I want is an interesting books while what he expects are two cups of coffee.2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词,即使以and连接成多主语,谓语动词仍用单数。
如:every doctor and every nurse goes there.each, neither, either, everyone, anything, nobody等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题
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主语和谓语的一致(Agreement between subject and verb)⒈Definition: 主语要和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫主谓一致。
⒉主谓一致包括三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
㈠语法一致原则:指用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。
⑴介词短语with, as well as, including, except, except for, but, together, besides, rather than, along with, together with 等修饰主语时,谓语动词的数的形式与介词前面的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
e.g. I, along with my parents, am a football fan.The girl as well as boys likes playing basketball.⑵由each 和every 修饰的名词以及由every-, any-, some-, no- 构成的复合代词都当作单数,谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Every hour and every minute is important.Every boy and every girl enjoys the holiday.Someone is waiting for you.Everyone is here.Everything is ready.⑶动名词(短语),不定式(短语)和从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. To see is to believe.Walking on the moon is very difficult.What he said is wrong.注:ⅰ. 在用形式主语it 的句中和在用it 作主语的强调句中,谓语动词总用单数。
e.g. It isn’t obvious who will be the best.It was he who taught us English last year.ⅱ. what 引导的主语从句,谓语一般用单数,但如果表示复数意义时谓语动词要用复数。
高考英语复习 专题10 主谓一致 知识点归纳总结
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高考英语复习专题10 主谓一致知识点归纳总结主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,You are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。
A. 语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B. 意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题
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高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题一、引言在英语语法中,主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在人称、数和性方面保持一致。
这是英语语法的基本原则之一,也是高考英语语法考察的重要内容。
本文将详细解析主谓一致的规则,并结合高考真题进行说明,旨在帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法点。
二、主谓一致的规则1、单数主语和谓语动词的一致(1)名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:The book is on the table.(2)不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:Somebody is waiting for you.(3)以-s结尾的名词和以s结尾的名词复数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:The students are listening to the teacher. 2、复数主语和谓语动词的一致(1)名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:The boys areplaying football.(2)不定代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Everybody is wearing a new dress.3、并列主语和谓语动词的一致并列主语指的是由and或or连接的两个或多个主语。
在这种情况下,谓语动词的形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
例如:John and Mary are good at swimming.(约翰和玛丽擅长游泳。
)4、主语从句、动名词和不定式作主语时的主谓一致(1)主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于从句中的主语。
例如:What we need is more time.(2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:Reading books is my favorite hobby.(3)不定式作主语时,如果不定式的动作是可数的,谓语动词用单数形式;如果动作是不可数的,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:To learn English is important.(学习英语很重要。
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高考英语考点之主谓一致考点详解【命题解读】在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。
【命题预测】主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查,多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题。
纵观近年的高考真题,主谓一致中主要与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
预计2021年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。
【复习建议】1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致;2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配;3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致;4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构考向一语法一致语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
☛His father is working on the farm.☛Time is money.☛To finish all the work on time is impossible.☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.☛The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.◆由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.What I say and do are helpful to you.2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are friends.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The writer and artist has come.◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of +复数名词,还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting.None of us has been to South Africa.5.定语从句中,关系代词that, which, who 作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等,指整体时,用单数;指集体的成员时,用复数。
His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are workers.(人)◆people, cattle, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词,或者是分数/百分数+名词构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.A lot of time is wasted.A lot of people take part in the meeting.2/3 water is drunk by him.2/3 students are absent.8.倒装句中,谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.典例剖析1.(2020·新课标卷I·语法填空)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).”【答案】67. means【解析】此处考查主谓一致。
主语it 为第三人称单数,因此谓语动词应用means。
2. (2020·新课标卷III·短文改错)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.【答案】第四句:don’t→ doesn’t【解析】考查主谓一致。
本句主语my dad 为第三人称单数,故应改为doesn’t。
3.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。
句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。
由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除AD选项。
本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
故选B。
考向二意义一致原则1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语,因为其在概念上是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
Twenty minutes is enough for the work.One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.2.如果是书名,片名,格言,剧名,报名,国名等的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half +复数n.,谓语动词用单数。
One and a half apples is left on the table.3.算是中表示数目通常用单数(加减乘除)4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语,用单数。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Mathematics is the study of numbers.Politics, economics, athletics等。
5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语,意义一致。
The glass works was built up in 1980.These glass works are near the railway station.6.由两部分组成的名词,trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
a pair of 等量词时,视情况而定。
7.The +adj. 表示一类人,作主语时用复数。
The young are usually very active.The old are lonely.典例剖析1. (2020·天津卷3月·单项填空)11. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。
句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。
通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时,且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词were。
故选D项。
2. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining,six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。