四级听力：短文理解解答
2024四级原题
2024四级原题一、听力部分（35分）1. 短对话（8分）第1题：对话大概是一男一女在讨论周末的计划。
男的说他想去看一场新上映的电影，女的则说她已经和朋友约好了去逛街。
问题是男的周末打算做什么？答案：去看新上映的电影。
解析：从对话中男的直接表述“想去看一场新上映的电影”就能得出答案。
2. 长对话（12分）第一个长对话是关于校园生活的。
两位同学在讨论选课的事情，其中一个同学说他想选一门艺术课来丰富自己的课程体验，但又担心作业太多。
问题有好几个，比如这位同学犹豫选艺术课的原因是什么？答案：想丰富课程体验但担心作业多。
解析：对话中明确提到了这两点，这就是他犹豫的原因。
3. 短文理解（10分）短文讲的是一个关于环保的故事，一个小镇通过一系列的措施改善了环境。
问题像“这个小镇采取的第一个措施是什么？”答案可能是种树。
解析：如果在短文中提到种树是最先开展的活动，那答案就是种树，要根据听力原文来确定。
4. 听写（5分）是一篇关于科技发展的短文，其中有几个空需要填写，像一些专业术语或者关键的动词等。
比如“人工智能在医疗领域的（应用）”，答案是“应用”。
解析：要根据对短文的理解以及语法等知识来确定填写的内容。
二、阅读部分（35分）1. 词汇理解（10分）给出一篇文章，有10个空，下面给出15个备选单词。
例如文章大概是讲文化交流的，其中有个空是“这种文化（现象）引起了广泛的关注”，答案可能是“phenomenon”。
解析：要根据文章的语境、语法结构以及单词的含义来选择正确的单词。
2. 长篇阅读（10分）会有两篇较长的文章，后面有10个句子需要和文章中的段落进行匹配。
比如文章A是关于历史文化遗产保护的，文章B是关于现代城市建设的。
其中一个句子“与古老建筑保护相关的内容”可能就和文章A匹配。
答案：文章A。
解析：通过阅读句子和两篇文章的内容，找到最相关的那篇文章。
3. 仔细阅读（15分）有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有几个问题。
四级听力十套听力原文及答案解析文本文件
标准听力（一）听力原文及答案解析Part III Listening Comprehension Section A…………………………………………………………………………………………………11. W: I have to think about your offer. I can‟t say “yes”or “no” at the moment.M: You can take your time. It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【听前预测】选项中的The man thinks，the woman should save his time，The woman need not hurry等表明，本题可能与男士给女士的建议有关。
【解析】选[D]。
女士说她现在还不能马上对男士的提议给予回复，男士让女士不必着急，还说她在一两天内给他答复就行了，由此可知，女士不必立刻做出决定，故答案为[D]。
12. M: Here comes my secretary. She‟s an extremelygood-looking young woman, don‟t you think?W: Yes, but I heard that her work isn‟t as good as her appearance.Q: What does the woman think of the secretary? 【听前预测】选项中的She is，good-looking，perfect，good at work等表明，本题与对女士的评价有关。
【解析】选[D]。
男士提到自己的秘书长得很漂亮，女士表示同意，但接着用but转折提到她听说她（即男士的秘书）的工作能力没有外表那么好（her work isn‟t as good as her appearance），言外之意就是男士的秘书的工作能力不行，故答案为[D]。
四级听力真题解析
四级听力真题解析在本文中，我们将对四级听力真题进行解析和解答，以帮助同学们更好地应对四级听力考试。
听力真题解析（正文部分）第一篇：Conversation 1（解析及答案）本篇对话主要讨论了两个学生要如何安排周末的活动。
男生建议去听音乐会，但女生提出自己想去爬山。
最后，他们决定一起去爬山。
这道题的答案是：B. It's best for them to go climbing.答案解析：在对话中，女生表示自己对爬山很感兴趣，男生也同意她的观点，并认为两人一起去爬山是最好的选择。
第二篇：Passage 1（解析及答案）本篇短文主要介绍了塑料袋对环境的污染问题，并提出应该减少使用塑料袋的建议。
这道题的答案是：D. It is suggested that people reduce the use of plastic bags.答案解析：在短文中，作者表示塑料袋对环境造成了很大的污染，并提出了减少使用塑料袋的建议。
第三篇：Conversation 2（解析及答案）本篇对话主要讨论了男生想要买一本介绍北京的书。
女生推荐了几本书，并告诉男生哪本书最合适。
这道题的答案是：C. Book B is the best.答案解析：女生在对话中推荐了几本书，但她认为B书是最合适的选择。
（篇尾）通过以上的解析，我们可以发现，四级听力真题主要考察学生理解对话和短文的能力，以及在有限时间内准确抓取信息并做出正确答案的能力。
在备考过程中，同学们可以通过多听英语材料，提高听力水平；注意练习抓取关键信息，快速做出准确答案；掌握一些常见的听力题型，积累做题的经验。
希望以上解析能对同学们备考四级听力有所帮助。
祝大家取得好成绩！。
大学英语4考试题及答案
大学英语4考试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 根据所听对话，选择最佳答案。
a) What is the man going to do?i. Go to the libraryii. Go to the gymiii. Stay at homeiv. Visit a friendb) What does the woman suggest?i. They should go to the beachii. They should watch a movieiii. They should study togetheriv. They should go shopping答案：a) i b) iii2. B) 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。
a) What is the main topic of the passage?b) What is the author's opinion about the topic?答案：a) The main topic is the importance of environmental protection.b) The author believes that everyone should take action to protect the environment.二、阅读理解（共40分）1. A) 阅读以下短文，选择最佳答案。
短文：[此处应为一段或多段英文短文，描述一个主题或故事]a) What does the author intend to convey in the passage?b) What is the relationship between the two characters in the story?答案：a) The author intends to convey the importance of perseverance.b) The two characters are friends.2. B) 阅读以下文章，回答以下问题。
2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第
2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第第一部分：听力理解 (共20题)1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.A14.B16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A第二部分：阅读理解 (共15题) Passage 121.D22.C23.A24.B25.DPassage 226.A27.C29.D30.APassage 331.C32.A33.B34.D35.C第三部分：完形填空 (共20题)36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C41.B43.D44.B45.A46.C47.D48.B49.C50.A51.D52.C53.A54.B55.D第四部分：翻译 (共5题)56.The new shopping mall will be opened next month, adding more choices for consumers.57.I have been studying English for four years, and Ihope to become fluent in it.58.The international conference will be held in Beijingnext week, attracting scholars from around the world.59.The company’s profits have been steadily increasingover the past three years.60.The government has implemented strict measuresto prevent the spread of the virus.第五部分：写作 (共1题)题目：Environmental Protection随着人们环保意识的增强，环境保护问题受到了越来越多的关注。
四级听力：短文理解解答
三、听力短文十大主题
4. 科普知识文
内容：科学常识，自然现象，动物生活习性，科学家 的理论，某项发明的过程，某项工具的历史演变等。 专业知识要求高，难度最大。
结构：（1）现象类：开篇句点明现象的发生时间、环 境；现象的主要特点；人类对现象的研究及初步结论； 现象对人类生活可能带来的好处或危害。
（4）发明类：人类生活中的局限；发明家进行的努 力；发明成功的年代；发明的工作原理、操作步骤 或功能效果。
关键词：science, astronomy, spaceman, technology, design, program, chemical, explore, agriculture, fertilizer, hurricane, typhoon, surgery, euthanasia
四大要素：时间，地点，人物，情节 关键词：first, second, third, finally, after, before,
then, but…
三、听力短文十大主题
2. 著名人物介绍文
内容：对政治家、艺术家、企业家、科学家、运 动员以及在某行业有影响的人物的介绍或其生活 中的事情。
三、听力短文十大主题
6. 日常生活现象介绍分析文
（1）说明文内容：汽车、电脑、餐饮、衣饰、 书籍、宠物及其他生活用品等方面。
结构：·某种生活必需品的基本特点及应用范围； ·生活必需品类型之最；·人们选择某类生活用品的 原因；·生活用品的发展前景（改进措施）。
（2）议论文内容：代沟、独生子女、辍学、上 网、女权、健身等方面。
关键词：society, crime, assassinate, economy, out of work, corruption, welfare, finance, insurance, traffic jam, customer’s house, moral, disease, flu
2023年6月英语四级答案详细解析及听力原文和作文
On Excessive PackagingNowadays the phenomena of excessive packaging of goods are prevai ling in our society: clothes swathed in tissue paper, placed in cardboard b ox and finally wrapped in well-designed plastic bags, imported bottles of grape wine packed in wooden boxes, fruits put in hand-woven baskets, to name but a few.rg.nu panie.believ.tha.the.ca.attrac.customers.attentio.an.stimulat.the i.purchasin.desir.b.over-packagin.thei.goods.thu.gainin.mor.profits.O.th.o the.hand.quit..numbe.o.consumer.mistakenl.hol.tha.th.mor.delicat.th.pack ag.is.th.bette.th.qualit.wil.be.thu.encouragin.excessiv.packaging.In my point of view, excessive packaging has disastrous consequenc es, including the loss of precious resources, excessive consumption of wat er and energy, and unnecessary extraction of scarce land for landfill.T.solv.th.problem.it’w. panies.I.additio n.w.nee.t.rais.consumer’.awarenes.tha.excessiv.packagin.doesn’.equa.t. hig.qualit.an.advocat.packagin.recycling.【解析】本次作文旳话题是“过度包装”, 话题不停新, 考生应当都比较熟悉。
英语四级听力试题原文及解析
2015年6月英语四级听力试题及解析Short conversation1. W: Tom, would you be interested in serving on the membership committee this yearM: Can I get back to you on that in a few dayQ: What does the man mean解析：关注男士说(de)get back to you on that.2. W: We should buy a good guidebook and study it before I trip toVancouver.M: We could, but they are over priced. What about the library Q: What does the man mean解析：男士意味guidebook are overpriced,不准备买,而是去library. 3. W: You took a history course this term, didn’t you What can you say about itM: Well, the trouble is that I never get through the weekly readinglist, though some books are quite interesting.Q: What does the man mean解析；男士认为 some books are quite interesting,但是他 I never get through the weekly reading list.4 M: I’m taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend. I found it rather disappointing. Q: What does the woman mean解析：女士上周去过了那家新餐厅,认为disappointing.5 W: Winter is over at last. Time’s to put away my gloves and boots. M: I’ve been waiting for this for month.Q: What did the man mean解析：男士在等着 to put away gloves and boots.6. M: Look The curtain is going up slowly, and all the lights over stage are lit up.W: Yeah, die play is starting. Oh, something caught my sleeves. Give me a hand please,Bob.Q: Where the speakers now解析：提到curtain,stage以及play7. W: You only have water to serve your guests.M: This is n’t just plain water. This is mineral water from Tibet. Q: What does the man imply解析：This is mineral water from Tibet.8. W: When do you have time to discuss our environmental report I think we have to make some revisions.M: I’m free at 3 o’ clock this afternoon. But what exactly needs to be changedQ: What are the speakers going to do this afternoon.解析：to discuss our environmental reportConversation 1W: Why is it important to recycleM : There are many reasons, recycling is one way to keep wastes out of land fills. Land fills are places to dump waste, but they are un-popular because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that’s bad for people who may build new homes there. Recycling also re-uses valuable raw materials such as aluminum and paper. Finally recycling can leave a lower garbage bill. Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into land fills. Therefore less money is spend for garbage disposalW:So,has recycling changed over the yearsM: 10/20 years ago,you could buy milk in returnable refill able gas bottles and many people recycled voluntarily, now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers. Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in land fills,many city governments now have recycling programs.W:How does recycling help the environmentM: Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy For example it takes 95% less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.W:Can one person really make a difference, if only a few people recycle then what’s the pointM: If not you then who If we combine our efforts we can make a difference. Each of us contributes to the waste problem. Over millions of tons of waste that go into the land fills started as an old pair of slippers, a broken tv set or a used magazine that came from somebody’s house,maybe yours.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard9. Why are landfills are unpopular according to the man10. What does the man say has contributed to the increase in among sub-waste over the years11. According to the man, how does recycling help the environment12. Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle Conversation 2W: Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Birmingham WashingtonWe would like to buy some how to fly as cheaply as possible.M: Let’s see, I won’t advice you to pay the normal one way economy transfer of 555 dollars, if you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesdayand buy your tickets at least 21 days in advance I suggest you book a round trip extension flight.W: But we may not need the return ticketsM: That’s alright Even if you don’t use them,you should be able to save 89 dollars over the one way fare, of course I’d recommend only booking, you ought to try to reserve the super saver seats, there are only a few of them and they are 15% cheaper than the others. W: That sounds like a good ideaM: Wait, to save another 100 dollars or so, why do n’t you book a flight to Vancouver CanadaW: Well that’s better than me want to goM: I know, but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Birmingham and still save money and if you are travelling with children you might be able to get a discount and if you fly economy class. If they don’t get any discount B ut to take advantage of the airline’s guaranteed fare policy you’d have to make reservations and pay your tickets at least 6 weeks in advance. Should I begin to search for available seatsW: No, thank you M: Excuse meW: I may call you back if we do n’t decide to drive.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard13. Where is the woman planning to go14. What is the woma n’s purpose in calling the man15. What does the man advise the woman to dopassage 1:What makes a person famous This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people. Most people are familiar with the works of WilliamShakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17di centuries. Yet, how many know Shakespeare, the person, the man behind the works After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare’s personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company,for example,could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights to protect their work. Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education, others believed that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true Probably not. Shakespeare’s father was a respected man in Stratford upon Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school. So Shakespeare did have at least an average education. Some parts of Shakespeare life will always remain unknown The Great London Fire of 1666 burnt many important documents that could have been a source of clues. We will always be let with many questions and few facts.Q16: What does the speaker say about William ShakespeareQ17: What do we learn about Shake spears fatherQ18: Why does the speaker say part of Shakespeare’s life will remain a mysteryPassage 2Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally. But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches.A headache is important (19) because it can be the first warning of a serious condition that could probably be controlled if discovered early. If a person removes the warning, day after day, with apain-killer7 he or she may pass the point of easy control.The professional name for covering up a symptom is “masking”. A headache specialist once said, (20) “Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment. Sometimes it is wiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.”A headache often interferes needlessly with normal, happy living. The employee with a headache does less work. In a flash of temper he or she may upset his fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization. The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family. She upsets her husband and children.(21)Rest, quiet and fresh airs stop many common headaches. Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help. One can often handle tension headaches by rubbing and pressing the neck muscles. Heat from an electric pad or a warm bed may also help.Because hunger may be overlooked as a headache source, one must make a habit of regular meals. If the meal must be postponed for more than one hour, a snack helps to avoid a hunger headache.19. Why does the speaker say “a headache is important”20. What the specialist suggest we do with headaches21. What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches Passage 3If you paychecks seem disappearing into thin air, you maybe struck in money traps, but do n’t despair. Most people can get unstuck without going bankrupt. The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all. As one reader put it we just put all the bills in a pile, than try to decide which to pay. As she another has learnt, however, the money usually runs out before the bills do. The same problem plagues many who do have a detailed budget. Then study it, we read it lookedgood on paper, but it never seems to work.Why not Often because the budgets are unrealistic. The solution: make a detailed record of where all your money goes now, than study carefully. Look for an expense that can be cut back, and do n’t give up in the face fixed expense. Many of this can be reduced too. Li fact, it is very often easier to save on essentials than one enjoyable extra. If housing takes more than 25% of your income, for example, consider moving to a cheaper place or renting out an extra room. If utility bills are high, get the whole family involved in a conservation plan. Some bills can be eliminated altogether. When one mother realized that a cable TV was costing five hundred dollars a year. She decided that network TV was n’t so bad. If you question every expense, you can find a few can be reduced.22 what does the speak say it’s a biggest budget mistake23what does the speaker say about the so-called fixed expenses.24. What does the speaker suggest the people do to save housing expense25. What is mainly discussed in the talk复合式听写Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people go for no particular reason. Some go because their paren ts expect it. Others because it’s what their friend are doing. Then there is the belief that college degree will automatically ensure a good job and high pay. Some students drift through four years attending courses or skipping them as the case maybe. Reading only what ca n’t be avoided, looking for less demanding courses and never been touched or changed in any important way. For few these people, college provides no satisfaction yet, because there parental or peer pressure they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hopethat their teachers will make the decision for them by failing them. To put it bluntly, unless you are willing to make your college years count, you might be better off doing something else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students profit from taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to sort out their priorities and goals. If you really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something and to do that, you must have some idea why you are there, what you hope to get out of it and probably even what you hope to become.。
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内容：由某权威人物讲授某个领域的相关知识， 或对某一现象进行评论。
结构： ·讲座发言人自我介绍、提出讲座主题； ·某个领域的问题、发展状况、有趣的概念术语 （经常用数据说明）； ·最具代表性的专家、事例、结论及原因； ·此领域的发展前景,有可能引出下次课讨论的话题。
三、听力短文十大主题
及人物传记中对人物有重大意义的事件 考生应快速浏览选项，推测出短文的大致内容，
听录音时把注意力集中在关键信息上
2. 说明文：
主要包括文化教育类、社会制度类和科普研究类文章。 由于说明文所涉及的内容相当广泛，考生应注意平时多阅读、多
积累，扩大自己的知识面，尤其要注意西方文化与本国文化不同 的地方，以及科学技术的新发展、新变化。 文化教育类和社会制度类短文虽然题材广泛，内容通俗易懂，句 型结构较简单。可通过篇首或篇尾的主题句推测文章内容。 科普研究类文章往往是考生比较陌生的话题，句型结构较复杂， 也会经常出现生僻词。但是此类文章的题目一般都较简单，细节 题较多，考生可边听边看题目选项，捕获关键信息，放弃无关紧 要的信息和听不明白的词。
多是主旨大意题和造成现象问题的原因类题 考生应集中注意力听清主题句，并预读选项、预测
问题，带着问题听录音
三、听力短文十大主题
1. 故事叙述文
内容：幽默故事或奇闻逸事，灾难及逃生，通过 学习提高思想的故事，谋生故事等。
结构： ·开篇句引出故事背景及主人公遇到的困境； ·主人公做出的计划、决定及其原因； ·主人公采取的非同寻常的步骤和行为； ·故事以生动的结局收尾——通常是主人公所提到 的一句意味深长的话（推测言外之意）。
三、听力短文十大主题
10.新闻广播文
内容：灾难、事故、罢工、冲突、抢劫等。 结构：
·开篇句是播音员提及播音时间和自己的姓名。如：The time is 7 o'clock, and this is Emily Brown with the news； ·第二句为关键句，多为长句，比如介绍某灾难或事故的发 生时间、地点、人物、原因、结果（when, where, who, why, which and how），同时带出准确的受伤死亡人数； ·详细介绍灾难事故的发生背景和过程； ·地方当局采取的措施,通常是正在做出的努力。 关键词：society, crime, assassinate, economy, out of work, corruption, welfare, finance, insurance, traffic jam, customer’ house, moral, disease, flu
大学英语四级听力
短文理解
内容梗概
一、听力短文五大命题特点 二、听力短文三大文体 三、听力短文十大主题 四、听力短文六大设提点 五、听力短文五大提问方式 六、听力短文五大应答技巧 七、听力短文三大应急高招
四级听力短文理解
篇数：三篇短文 题量：每篇3-4题，共10题 体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文 篇幅：平均250词/篇 题型：单项选择 ——
三、听力短文十大主题
6. 日常生活现象介绍分析文
（1）说明文内容：汽车、电脑、餐饮、衣饰、 书籍、宠物及其他生活用品等方面。
结构：·某种生活必需品的基本特点及应用范围； ·生活必需品类型之最；·人们选择某类生活用品的 原因；·生活用品的发展前景（改进措施）。
（2）议论文内容：代沟、独生子女、辍学、上 网、女权、健身等方面。
（2）动物类：开篇句引出动物的某种特性、优势；特 性的生成原因（适应自然、躲避危险、便于捕食）； 一类动物中的一个独特代表:其活动速度、生理节奏、 身体部位及功能、食物吸取量；对人类的启发（相关 典故谚语）。
三、听力短文十大主题
（3）理论类：自然界中某个神秘现象的发生；科学 家的理论内容；用理论阐释现象的成因或规律。
五、短文听力五大提问方式
3. 情感态度题
态度题的选项往往是四个形容词，所以考生在播 放短文录音之前判断出有态度题，在听录音时就 应特别留心fortunately, luckily, unfortunately 等这样的具感情色彩的可以反映出speaker的态 度的词。
speaker对于谈论的对象可能有双向评论，如果 听不出speaker的态度方向，建议同学们选正面 态度的，因为反驳的文章往往更为复杂。
五、短文听力五大提问方式
4. 对错判断题
提问方式： Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?
一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。 一般情况下，not一词会重读。
技巧： 一、留意首尾处：主题句一般在开头或结尾 二、根据各题选项推测主题 三、留意重复频率较高的词或短语
五、短文听力五大提问方式
2. 事实细节题
所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事 件、各种数字等，问题一般为wh-question的形式。
技巧： 一、捕捉列举和举例处 二、捕捉强调处 三、捕捉比较处 四、捕捉含有年代、数量、价格等数字的句子 五、捕捉转折、因果、条件等逻辑关系处：因果连 词(如because, so, due to等)；转折连词(如 but, however, though等)
四大要素：时间，地点，人物，情节 关键词：first, second, third, finally, after, before,
then, but…
三、听力短文十大主题
2. 著名人物介绍文
内容：对政治家、艺术家、企业家、科学家、运 动员以及在某行业有影响的人物的介绍或其生活 中的事情。
三、听力短文十大主题
5. 特殊机构及西方文化介绍文（说明文）
内容：办事服务机构（银行、餐厅等）、科技研究中心、法 庭或监狱、图书馆图书流通服务、交通通讯方式、音乐剧、 好莱坞电影、芭蕾舞等方面。
结构： （1） 机构类：某机构总部所在国家或城市；机构的基本特
点及规章制度要求；机构之所以闻名的原因或独特之处；机 构的工作方式、效率及给某特殊群体带来的便利。 （2） 服务类：某种服务的开办地点及目的；服务类型之所 以闻名的原因或独特之处；服务的分类、分类标志、工作人 员组成；服务的工作方式、效率及给某特殊群体带来的便利 （经常用数字说明）。 （3） 艺术类：某种文化艺术形式的普及性；文化艺术形式 的独特之处；文化艺术形式的创作人员、参与者及参与原因。
结构：·对此现象进行初步描述；·分析现象特点 及产生原因；·人们对此现象的看法以及作者本人 的观点；·此问题的可能趋势后果以及如何正确看 待。
三、听力短文十大主题
7. 灾难危机分析文
内容：环境污染、资源短缺、人口爆炸、交通阻 塞、犯罪现象、吸毒、离婚、自杀等方面的内容。
结构： ·灾难危机的类型及人类的忧虑； ·灾难危机的起因、严重程度及危害； ·人类的对策、解决方法。
三、听力短文十大主题
4. 科普知识文
内容：科学常识，自然现象，动物生活习性，科学家 的理论，某项发明的过程，某项工具的历史演变等。 专业知识要求高，难度最大。
结构：（1）现象类：开篇句点明现象的发生时间、环 境；现象的主要特点；人类对现象的研究及初步结论； 现象对人类生活可能带来的好处或危害。
（4）发明类：人类生活中的局限；发明家进行的努 力；发明成功的年代；发明的工作原理、操作步骤 或功能效果。
关键词：science, astronomy, spaceman, technology, design, program, chemical, explore, agriculture, fertilizer, hurricane, typhoon, surgery, euthanasia
结构： ·开篇句对人物进行简明扼要的介绍，有时带生卒 年代； ·社会环境的局限性及人物面临的问题； ·历史人物的活动、历史事件及相关年代； ·评价人物的重大成就及历史地位。
三、听力短文十大主题
3. 学校教育介绍文
内容：美国中小学教育特点，美国私立学校及宗教 学校，某大学的特殊教育体制方法等方面的内容。 多为主旨题或综合判断题。
3. 短文体裁较为固定，为做出正确判断提供了语境依据。听力短 文多为说明文或叙述性小故事，材料较为通俗易懂，这使提前根 据所给选项推断材料内容成为可能。
4. 选项已知，可作为推断短文内容的依据。考生可以根据选项所 提供的信息，利用前面提到的弹性时间进行推断，为充分获取短 文信息创造更加有利的条件。
5. 各小题类型相对固定，有助于总结答题规律。多年来听力短文 的试题类型是相对固定的，主要包括主旨题、细节题、态度题、 判断题、推理题等，这给我们正确解题提供了启发和思路。
二、听力短文三大文体
1.记叙文：
主要包括新闻、故事、人物传记等 考查的细节题较多 注意关键信息，如时间、地点、人物、原因，以
关键词：society, crime, assassinate, economy, out of work, corruption, welfare, finance, insurance, traffic jam, customer’s house, moral, disease, flu
三、听力短文十大主题
结构：·开篇句带出某类教育（学校）的基本特点 及开办原因；·学校的教育地位、管理方法及资金； ·学校生源、师资、课程设置、校舍、图书馆或课外 活动介绍，经常会提到数字统计；·学校最独特的 一两个方面及相关原因。
关键词：periodical, journal, magazine, literature, philosophy, research, interview