名师考研英语阅读(一)

（二）中西文化思维差异
• 1. 逻辑思维 • 1）继续前进型：and, in other words, more, moreover, more than that, furthermore, also, likewise, equally important, another, first, second, in addition; as a result, concluding, hence, in conclusion, to sum up, therefore； 分号.
• 2） 转弯型：but, yet, however, while, whereas, nevertheless, otherwise, although, though, despite, instead, in spite of, on the contrary, notwithstanding, rather, in contrast. • 例1. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.
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• 3. 题目命制——《大纲》对阅读理解A部分 的评价目标根据所读材料，考生应该能够： • (1)理解主旨要旨； • (2)理解文中的具体信息； • (3)理解文中的概念性含义 • (4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申； • (5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； • (6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的 关系； • (7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； • (8)区分论点和论据。
2. 长难句
• • • • • • • 1）习语格言 例1. It never rains, but pours. 例2. [A]Faith will move mountains. [B] One reap what he sows. [C]Practice makes perfect. [D]Like father, like son. 例3. All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing
• 例2. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. • 65. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ________. • [A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers • [B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs • [C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous • [D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
• 例1. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. • 例2. Today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
专题一
考研英语阅读简介及学法指导
一、考研英语阅读A命题规律
• 1. 与大英六级的区别
• 2. 考研英语阅读A的体裁、题材 • 体裁：议论文、说明文、新闻报道 • 题材：文章主要来源于12种杂志，涉及12种主题【社 会科学（主要包括经济学、心理学、社会学、教育学 等）；自然科学（医学、生物学、工程和科学史）； 人文科学（哲学、历史、文学、语言、新闻、艺术）】 • 社会生活和文化教育的文章主要来源于：Newsweek （新闻周刊），Time（时代周刊），USA Today（今日 美国），The Times （泰晤士报）。 • 科普类文章主要来源于：National Geographic（国家地 理杂志），Scientific American（科学美国人）， Science（科学杂志），Discovery（探索杂志）， Nature（自然）。 • 商业经济类文章主要来源于：Business Week（商业周 刊），The Economist（经济学家杂志）和Wall Street Journal（华尔街杂志）。
• 4）近义近形词汇 • compare 和contrast; emigrate, immigrate, migrate ; risky, challenging ; outrage 和 grievance ; merger, acquisition和 concentration • 例1.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no
• 例2. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. • 37. The word “bummer” most probably means something ________. • [A] religious [B] unpleasant • [C] entertaining [D] commercial
• 3）真正长难句 • 例1. Behaviorists suggests that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
• But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. • 23. “ ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to . • [A] tracks [B] series [C] characteristics [D] connections
• 2）虚假长难句 • 例1. Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary---the dangers of drug interaction, for example--- and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
• 2）核心词 hover foul affluent absurd • 3）超纲词 • a. 专业倾向的词汇 • 例1.“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the • risk of heart attacks.
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• b. 派生词 • 例1. In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. • 例2. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. • 例3. Include a few casual and apparently offthe-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
• 例2. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The DemonHaunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
• 以上评价目标对应考研阅读的五大题型，基 础阶段要求熟悉各种题型的命题形式即可
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二、考研英语阅读A对能力的要求 （一）语言 1. 词汇 1）基础词 例1.That can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. • 例2. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. • 例3. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.