名师考研英语阅读(一)
考研阅读理解英语一真题
考研阅读理解英语一真题说到词汇量，就免不了要背单词，这也是我们每个考研人都感到头疼的地方。
大多数同学都有这样的体会，单词背了忘，忘了又背，做翻译阅读时，觉得很眼熟、很亲切，但就是想不起来，下文是我为你精心编辑整理的考研阅读理解英语一真题，希望对你有所帮助，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，谢谢!考研阅读理解英语一真题1Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2023，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers考研阅读理解英语一真题2Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awardsfor researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system ofpeer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo ofpeer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes anunrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must stillbe living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prizeif they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.真题解析：文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与2023年相比，2023考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了2023年3月份的一次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2023年基础物理学奖!所以2023考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。
考研英语阅读理解详解(英语一)
考研英语阅读理解详解(英语一)考研英语阅读理解详解(英语一)解析一篇英语阅读理解文章，主要分为阅读理解题目的解答和详细解析两个部分。
本文旨在提供对考研英语阅读理解题型的详细解析，以帮助广大考生更好地掌握解题技巧和提高解题效率。
1. 阅读理解题目的解答(1) 第一题题目：According to the passage, what is the main subject of research in behavioral economics?选项：A. How emotions affect decision-makingB. How economic theories can be applied to psychologyC. How people make choices in different contextsD. How irrational behavior can be explained by logical theory解析：根据全文的内容，可以得出正确答案为C。
因为文章中提到，行为经济学主要研究人们在不同环境下的选择行为。
因此，A、B、D 选项都与文章内容不符。
(2) 第二题题目：Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?选项：A. Traditional economic theories are based on rational decision-makingB. Traditional economic theories are flawed and need to be replaced by behavioral economicsC. Behavioral economics is a field that studies the behavior of consumersD. Behavioral economics can explain all types of irrational behavior解析：根据全文的内容，可以得出正确答案为A。
2024考研阅读英语一
2024考研阅读英语一The countdown to the 2024 postgraduate entrance examination has begun, and with it, the pressure mounts. The English section, known for its challenging reading comprehension, requires a strategic approach.Grasping the nuances of the English language is essential, as it forms the backbone of the reading comprehension section. It's not just about understanding the words, but also the context in which they are used.Vocabulary is the key that unlocks the door to comprehension. Expanding one's lexicon through consistentstudy and practice is crucial for tackling the dense textsthat await in the exam.Reading extensively is the path to fluency. From academic journals to novels, a wide range of materials should be explored to familiarize oneself with different writing styles and themes.Time management is a skill that must be honed. Practicing under timed conditions simulates the exam environment andhelps in developing the ability to quickly understand and answer questions.Lastly, perseverance is the fuel that keeps the journey going. The road to mastering English reading is long andarduous, but with consistent effort and a positive mindset, success in the 2024 exam is within reach.。
2024考研英语一阅读
2024考研英语一阅读In the pursuit of academic excellence, the year 2024 marks a significant milestone for many aspiring postgraduate students in China as they prepare for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, commonly referred to as the "Kao Yan." The English section, particularly the English I, is a critical component of this examination, testing the candidates' language proficiency and their ability to comprehend complex texts.The English I section is designed to assess a variety of skills, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and translation. It is widely acknowledged that the reading component is one of the most challenging and time-consuming parts of the test. It requires not only a strong vocabulary but also the ability to understand nuanced meanings, infer implications, and analyze the structure of the text.To excel in the 2024 Kao Yan English I reading section, students must engage in rigorous preparation. This includes a consistent study schedule, extensive reading of diverse materials, and practice with past examination papers. It is essential to familiarize oneself with the types of questions that are commonly asked and to develop strategies fortackling them effectively.Moreover, the ability to read quickly and accurately is crucial. This skill can be honed through timed practicesessions where students are encouraged to read passageswithin a set time limit and answer questions based on the content. Additionally, understanding the context and the author's perspective is vital for answering comprehension questions correctly.Another aspect that cannot be overlooked is the importance of vocabulary. A robust vocabulary base is indispensable for interpreting the meaning of sentences and paragraphs. Students are advised to memorize a wide range of words, including both common and specialized terms that are frequently used in academic texts.Lastly, the translation part of the English I section tests the candidate's ability to convert complex English sentences into Chinese and vice versa. This requires a deep understanding of both languages' grammar and the ability to convey the same meaning in a different linguistic context.In conclusion, the 2024 Kao Yan English I reading section is a comprehensive test of a student's English language skills. With the right approach, including strategic study methods, extensive practice, and a focus on building a strong foundation in vocabulary and grammar, candidates can enhance their chances of achieving a high score in this competitive examination.。
名师肖克：英语阅读A段答题技巧（1）
本段话题: 梦是否被控制 关键词: unconscious和conscious control,讲对梦的认识是从无意识到一种有意识的行为。
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all part s of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr William Dement.
考研英语一阅读历年真题
考研英语一阅读历年真题考研英语一阅读历年真题1Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providerssuch as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and thelearning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.考研英语一阅读历年真题2Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by theJournals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. Ithink that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2022，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science考研英语一阅读历年真题3Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britains National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2022 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely“processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denhams report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latters expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The authors attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.考研英语一阅读历年真题4Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is f ar from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannotbuy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given themlegitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.真题解析：文章主题及背景学问：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，假如对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与2022年相比，2022考研阅读文章同样注意时效性，Text3便是反应了2022年3月份的一次实时大事：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2022年基础物理学奖!所以2022考研的同学们肯定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景学问，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项消失，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批判，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法转变的，名望是没法购置的。
最新考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
考研英语一阅读及答案
考研英语一阅读及答案在考研英语一的阅读部分，考生需要阅读一篇文章或一篇文段，并回答相关的问题。
阅读部分通常分为三个段落，每个段落后面都有若干问题。
本文将分析考研英语一阅读部分的特点，并以一个范例来演示如何解答相关问题。
阅读部分的题目一般涉及学术性或实用性的话题，如科学、技术、社会问题等。
在解答问题时，考生需要准确理解原文，并灵活运用自己的知识和阅读技巧进行分析和推理。
以下是一篇关于电子垃圾处理的范例文章，我们将通过范例来说明解答问题的技巧。
题目：The Proper Handling of Electronic Waste段落一：Electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. With the rapid development of technology, more and more electronic devices are being discarded, leading to significant environmental and health risks. E-waste contains hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which can contaminate soil and water sources if not properly disposed of.段落二：The proper handling of e-waste is crucial to minimize its negative impact on human health and the environment. One effective method is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices and reused. Moreover, proper recyclingprocesses can prevent the release of toxic substances and reduce the demand for raw materials.段落三：Another important approach is promoting extended producer responsibility (EPR). EPR is a policy that makes manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. By holding manufacturers accountable, EPR can incentivize them to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also encourage them to take back and recycle their own products.问题一：What are the environmental and health risks associated with e-waste?问题回答：The environmental and health risks associated with e-waste include the contamination of soil and water sources due to hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which are present in e-waste. If not properly disposed of, these substances can have a detrimental impact on the environment and human health.问题二：What is one effective method for handling e-waste?问题回答：One effective method for handling e-waste is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted and reused, reducing the demand for raw materials and preventing the release of toxic substances.问题三：What is extended producer responsibility (EPR)?问题回答：Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy that holds manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. This policy encourages manufacturers to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also requires them to take back and recycle their own products.本文范例通过三个段落介绍了电子垃圾处理的重要性以及有效的处理方法，并给出了相关问题的解答。
010年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4精读精讲
题目：2020年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4精读精讲一、文章背景介绍2020年考研英语(一)试卷中的阅读部分包含了多篇文章，其中的text 4是考查考生阅读理解能力的重要部分。
text 4通常会涉及一些社会热点话题或者学术性较强的文章，考生在备考时需要对该文章进行精读精讲，掌握其中的语言知识和阅读技巧。
二、文章内容解析1.文章主题text 4的主题通常会涉及社会、政治、文化等方面的内容，对考生的综合能力提出了一定的要求。
考生需要通过对文章的理解和分析，把握文章的中心思想，理清文中的脉络，找出文章的主题是什么，作者想要表达的观点是什么。
2.文章结构文章的结构是文章理解的关键，它决定了考生在阅读时应该如何去理解文章的脉络和逻辑关系。
一般来说，文章的结构可以分为引子、主体和结论三部分。
引子部分主要是引出文章的主题，主体部分是对主题的展开和阐释，结论部分是对整篇文章做一个总结和概括。
在阅读text 4时，考生需要注意文章的结构，做好结构分析。
3.文章语言考研英语text 4的语言较为严谨，使用了大量的学术性表达和复杂的句型结构。
考生需要通过精读精讲，掌握文章中的重点词汇和句式，增加自己的词汇量和语言表达能力。
三、文章解读技巧1.注重细节在阅读text 4时，考生需要注重文章中的细节，通过细节提取能够更好地理解文章的主旨，加深对文章的理解。
2.善用语境在阅读时，考生需要善用语境，通过上下文的逻辑关系来理解文章中的难句，增加阅读的效率。
3.多角度分析阅读text 4时，考生需要通过多角度的分析来解读文章，从不同的角度去理解文章，找出文章中的深层含义。
四、文章解读步骤1.预读在开始阅读text 4之前，考生需要先对文章进行预读，把握文章的主题和结构，增加对文章的整体把握。
2.精读精讲考生需要对文章进行精读精讲，理清文章的逻辑思路，找出文章的重点和难点。
3.总结归纳精读完毕后，考生需要对文章进行总结归纳，把握文章的关键信息，做好笔记和归纳。
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析【中国1考网】郭庆民阅读理解第一篇及译文与疑难长句注解和题解To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled byconverting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population bees more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year pared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailingin every other year.Measures of “needs” shade into measure of the human and physical enviro____ent in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical enviro____ent—purity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to bine robberies and murdersin a crime index; to bine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to bine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the “goodness” of the distribution of ine. There is surely consensus that given the same total ine and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, stateof the enviro____ent, we could not pute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to bine them.1. The author?s primary concern is to .［C］ show defects in a proposal ［D］ review literature relevant to a problem2. The author implies that man?hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it .［A］ ignores the conditions under which the output is generated［B］ fails to take into consideration theenviro____ental costs of production［C］ is not an effective method for reducing unemployment3. The most important reason why a single index of welfare cannot be designed is that .［A］ the cost associated with producing the index would be prohibitive［B］ considerable empirical research would have to be done regarding output and needs［C］ any weighting of various measures into a general index would be inherently subjective ［D］ accurate statistics on crime and pollution are not yet available4. An adequate measure of need must take into account all of the following EXCEPT .［A］ change effects on people of the weather［B］ differences in needs of urban and suburban populations［C］ changing requirements for gover____ental programs such as defense［D］ accessibility of park land and other premises5. The author regards the idea of a general index of welfare as .［A］ an unrealistic dream［B］ an important contribution［C］ a future necessity［D］ a desirable change1.index n.指数2.welfare ?n.福利3.well off 富裕的，顺利的4.construct vt.构造，创立5.press n.报刊；通讯社6.Gross National Product(ion) 国民消费总值(GNP)7.convert vt.转换；使改变信仰8.evaluate vt.评价，评估9.incur vt.招致，引起，惹起10.aspect n.方面11.handle vt.处理，运用12.per capita 每人的，人均的13.assumption n.假定，设想；承当14.other things equal 假定其他情况不变的话15.account for 说明；占16.prevail vi.盛行；胜过，占优势17.accessibility n.可接近性，获得的可能性18.deficient a.缺乏的；不完善的19.robbery n.抢劫，盗窃20.distribution n.分配，分发；销售21.consensus n.一致意见，共识22.pute vt.计算，估计1.enormously非常，宏大地2.desirability愿望，希求3.determinant决定因素4.real cost实际本钱5.involuntarily不情愿地，无意地6.vitally极为，生死攸关地7.urbanize使都市化8.suburbanize使市郊化9.shade into逐渐变为1.A glance at it would … index.(第一段)better off是well off(富裕的，处境好的)的比拟级形式，worse off与之意思相反。
考研英语阅读理解详解(第一篇)(英语一)
考研英语网课第一节1，Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks在英国的金融机构已经对各大银行的高管强制了一个相当不同寻常的规定。
简化版：Many teachers in the city have imposed a rather reasonable rule on the students of most schools词汇：1，impose 强制实行，推行，unusual 不寻常的，罕见的regulator 监管机构，监管者，financial 财政的，金融的，Britain英国，rule规则，boss 高管，bank银行2，Starting next year，any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing从明年开始，如果其所在银行因不当行为受到调查，任何保证给高管人员的奖金都有可能延迟10年发放。
简化版：Starting next week ，any guaranteed rewards of the personnel could be delayed 1 month if their companies areunder investigation for wrongdoing词汇：guarantee 保证，确保，bonus奖金，红利，executive 管理人员，经理，delay延迟，推迟，延期，investigation 调查，wrongdoing 不法行为，坏事3，The main purpose of this “clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions该项“回收款”规定的主要目的是让银行家们对有害的冒险行为负责，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。
曹其军老师20篇考研英语阅读文章-1
Passage 1 Andrea had never seen an old lady hitchhiking （搭车） before. However， the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady. The old lady had some difficulty climbing（adj.攀登的，上升的n.攀登） in through the car door， and pushed her big brown canvas（v.彻底讨论探究n.帆布） shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet. She said to Andres， in a voice that was almost a whisper， “Thank you dearie —I‘m just going to Brockbourne.” Something in the way the lady spoke， and the way she never turned her head， made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker. She didn‘t know why， but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong， something odd，something…dangerous. But how could an old lady be dangerous？ It was absurd. Careful not to turn her head， Andrea looked sideways at her passenger. She studied the hat， the dirty collar of the dress， the shapeless body， the arms with the thick black hairs… Thick black hairs？ Hairy arms？ Andres‘s blood froze. This wasn‘t a woman. It was a man. At first， she didn‘t know what to do. Then suddenly， an idea came into her racing， terrified brain. Swinging the wheel suddenly， she threw the car into a skid （刹车）， and brought it to a halt. “My God！” she shouted， “A child！ Did you see the child？ I think I hit her！” The “old lady” was clearly shaken by the sudden skid， “I didn‘t see anything dearie，” she said. “I don’t think you hit anything.” “I‘m sure it was a child！” insisted Andrea. “Could you just get out and have a look？ Just see if there’s anything on the road？” She held her breath. Would her plan work？ It did. The passenger slowly climbed out to investigate. As soon as she was out of the vehicle， Andrea gunned the engine and accelerated madly away， and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker. It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her. Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity about the man. Pulling into the side of the road， Andrea opened the heavy bag curiously. It contained only one item—a small hand axe， with a razor-sharp blade. The axe and the inside of the bag were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood. Andrea began to scream. 1. Andrea allowed the hitchhiker to take a ride in her car mainly because ___a___.A. the hitchhiker was an old womanB. she was curious about the old ladyC. the lady had a heavy bagD. she knew the old lady 2. What made Andrea afraid when she looked at the old lady？ dA. She had a shapeless body.B. She had a harsh voice.C. She wore a dirty dress.D. She had hairy arms. 3. Andrea suddenly stopped the car because ___c___. A. she thought she had hit a child on the road B. she skidded on some ice on the road C. she wanted to trick the passenger into getting out D. she couldn‘t concentrate and nearly had a crash 4. Andrea looked in the passenger‘s bag to ___d___.A. examine what was in it.B. find out where the passenger lived.C. use the passenger‘s tools.D. find out who the passenger was. 5. Andrea screamed because __b____.A. she saw the hitchhiker come backB. she realized she could have been killedC. she was scared at seeing bloodD. she cut herself by the blade Passage 2 Desperately（adv.拼命地，失望地） short of living space and dangerously prone （adj.倾向于） to flooding， the Netherlands plans to start building homes， businesses and even roads on water. With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters， the authorities believe that floating communities（n.公社，团体，社会，（政治）共同体，共有，⼀致，共同体，（⽣物）群落） may well be the future. Six prototype（n.原型） wooden and aluminum（n.[化]铝） floating houses are already attached（附上……的） to something off Amsterdam， and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate（n.状态，不动产，时期，阶层，财产） called Ijburg. “Everybody asks why didn‘t we do this kind of thing before，” said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt， director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept. “After Bangladesh we’re the most densely populated country in the world. Building space is scarce and government studies show that we‘ll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs.” Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats （拖船）， the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats， which encase giant lumps of polystyrene （聚苯⼄烯） reinforced with steel. The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology. The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. The waiting list for such homes， which will cost between euros 200，000—500， 000 to buy， runs to 5， 000 names， claims Van der Woerdt. With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers， planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside. A pilot project [（⼩规模）试验计划]， covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam‘s Schiphol airport， is planned for 2005. The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. “We have 10 projects in the pipeline—floating villages and cities complete with offices， shops and restaurants，” Van der Woerdt said. Pilot 「n.飞⾏员，领航员，引⽔员 vt.驾驶（飞机等），领航，引⽔ v.驾驶」 1. The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because ______. A. most parts of the country are covered by water B. the country is constantly threatened by floods C. it will promote the cultivation of flowers D. people think it better to live on water 2. By citing “Everyone asks why didn‘t we do this kind of thing before”， the author wants to tell us that ______. A. building floating communities is a very good idea B. the director of the firm didn‘t want to answer the question C. the Netherlands should follow the example of Bangladesh D. people are not satisfied with the government‘s work 3. The floating houses will be ______.A. reinforced with steelB. made of concreteC. constructed in waterD. built on boats 4. According to the author， the floating communities on water ______.A. can promote market gardeningB. are beyond the reach of most Dutch peopleC. will increase the cost of gardeningD. will be very popular by the year of 2005 5. “10 projects in the pipeline” in the last paragraph means ______.A. “10 pipelines to provide gas”B. “10 companies to lay the pipelines”C. “10 floating houses to be built on water”D. “10 building projects planned and started” Passage 3 My new home was a long way from the center of London but it was becoming essential[adj.本质的，实质的，基本的，提炼的，精华的n.本质，实质，要素，要点] to find a job， so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the tube[n.管，管⼦， [英] 地铁， <美> 电⼦管，显象管]. They were looking for guards， not drivers. This suited[adj.适合的，匹配的] me. I couldn‘t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train， and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T.S. Eliot had worked in a band [ n.带⼦，镶边，波段，队，乐队v.联合，结合] and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company [保险公司]. I would be a tube guard. I could see myself being cheerful， useful， a good man in acrisis[n.疾病的转折点（或转好或恶化），决定性时刻，危机，危险期，历的紧要关头， [医]危象，转换期]. Obviously I would be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges[n.特权，特别待遇，基本公民权⼒，特免vt.给与……特权，特免]—those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city center. The next day I sat down， with almost a hundred other candidates[n.候选⼈，投考者]， for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after half an hour‘s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about fifty candidates. The examiner sat at a desk. You were signaled forward to occupy[vt.占，占⽤，占领，占据] the seat opposite[adj.相对的，对⾯的，对⽴的，相反的，对等的，对应的n.相反的事物] him when the previous[adj.在前的，早先的adv.在……以前，返回上⼀级菜单] occupant had been dismissed after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.。
2023年考研英语一真题阅读
阅读ASection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,”says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in thelaboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles throughsite-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations –apparently reached their limit in the early1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data andfeel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slavesw as “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children –though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.。
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析考研英语(一)阅读理解部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
下面是店铺整理的考研英语(一)阅读理解练习试题，欢迎阅读!Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severepunishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。
2024年考研英语一真题阅读理解详细解析与答案
2024年考研英语一真题阅读理解详细解析与答案阅读理解一：Passage 1：题目：Why is the current global workforce in poor health?解析：本文讨论全球劳动力健康状况不佳的原因。
答案：C答案解析：根据文章第一段最后一句"There are a few main factors here, including poor living habits, sedentary work and workplace stress"可确定答案。
Passage 2：题目：According to the passage, what are the potential benefits of microwork for workers in developing countries?解析：本文探讨了在发展中国家进行微工作的潜在利益。
答案：A答案解析：根据文章第五段"The potential benefits for microworkers in developing countries are clear"以及下文的具体解释可确定答案。
Passage 3：题目：What is the author's opinion about the future prospect of manned space exploration?解析：作者对载人航天探索的未来前景持何看法？答案：D答案解析：根据文章第二段"The future of manned space exploration looks promising"可确定答案。
Passage 4：题目：What is the main topic of the passage?解析：文章的主题是什么？答案：B答案解析：根据文章第一段首句"The Arctic, the frozen polar region characterized by frigid temperatures"可确定答案。
2024英语一考研阅读
2024考研英语一阅读理解English Version:Passage 1:Title: The Future of Artificial Intelligence in EducationWith the rapid advancement of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in various sectors, including education. This passage explores the potential impact of AI on education and its role in shaping the future of learning.In recent years, AI has made significant progress in areas such as machine learning and natural language processing. These advancements have paved the way for innovative applications in education, such as personalized learning experiences, intelligent tutoring systems, and virtual reality-based simulations.Personalized learning experiences are becoming a reality with AI-powered adaptive learning platforms. These platforms analyze student data to identify areas of strength and weakness, and then tailor learning resources to individual needs. This approach has the potential to revolutionize education by providing students with a more engaging and effective learning experience.Intelligent tutoring systems, powered by AI, can simulate human-like interactions to provide feedback and guidance to students. These systems can identify common mistakes and misconceptions and provide personalized explanations and examples to clarify concepts. This personalized approach can help students overcome challenges and improve their understanding of complex topics.Virtual reality-based simulations are another area where AI is revolutionizing education. These simulations create immersive learning experiences that allow students to explore concepts and theories in a risk-free environment. By providing hands-on experience, these simulations can enhance student engagement and improve comprehension of abstract concepts.However, while the potential benefits of AI in education are immense, there are also challenges and ethical considerations to address. Privacy concerns, the potential for bias in AI algorithms, and the impact of AI on teacher roles are among the key issues that need to be addressed to ensure that AI is used ethically and effectively in education.In conclusion, the future of artificial intelligence in education looks promising. With continued innovation and research, AI has the potential to transform education,providing students with more personalized and engaging learning experiences while addressing key challenges and ethical considerations.Questions:What are the three main areas where AI is revolutionizing education according to the passage?How do AI-powered adaptive learning platforms personalize the learning experience for students?Discuss the potential benefits and challenges of using AI in education.中文版本:阅读理解文章1:标题：人工智能在教育领域的未来随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能（AI）在包括教育在内的各个领域都变得越来越普遍。
2024年考研英语(一)真题及解析【版本一】
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing morewelcoming than a door opening for you. the need tobe touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as anovelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times ofemergency,the doors 8 Crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 2 the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 3 specific signals to tell them when toopen. 14 these methods differ,theman 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in 18 a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out [C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as [B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on [D]pointingat14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example [D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [Djinclude20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 ina four-metre-deeppit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon- grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th- century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. Thiswas an attempt to recover thevaluable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might bum down an entire housejust to reclaimthe nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seemingtechnology was.The price ofnails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel pointsout in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to tum steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over theyears,but Sichel studied them becausethey havent changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariotsare very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports carssince 1695,but to ask the samequestion of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive leant is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it'sthecheap technologies that change the worldThe Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost-and it would haveachieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for futureuse[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding them from the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight thethriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustratethe high status of blacksmiths in that period[C]contrastthe attitudes of different civilisations toward nailsD]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times[C]are less studied than other everyday products[D]are oneof the world's most significant inventions25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologiesbring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of theworld.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherersin Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to lookafter younger ones and 'baby-we aring”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the nomAccording to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Knownas alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherercommunities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiaty,researchers said thatthe westerm nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an"intensive mothering narrative",which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study lookedat the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eighttimes an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which co uld have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children leant from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that westen“instructive te aching”,where pupils areasked to sit still, maycontribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.”26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child care among community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting details to older children[D]carrying infants aroundby their parent27.The scheme in Gemany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between westem African ways of living28.According to Paragraph 4,the *intensive mothering narrative[A]alleviate parenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results in the child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we lean about nursery in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should tryto prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching:a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For ahappier family,leam from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,a better choice for lonely children[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he'sbecome a sudden hit in the new world oftext-to-image AI generation.His distinctivestyleis now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in “Wizard with sword anda glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away fromworks in Rutkowski's style.But theseopen-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics andcopyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourmey.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reachnew audiences.Then he tried searchingfor his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.Theonline search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his.“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because [the intermet]will be flooded with AI art,“Rutkowski says.“That's concerning.”“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestionis that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the firsttwo paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting[B]Heis popular with the users of an AIart generator.[C]He attracts admiration from otherillustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AIart generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks inunpredictable styles[C]make unauthorizeduse of online images[D]collect user information without consent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identify AI images[C]AI-generated work bearinghis name[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign fornew policies or regulations[B]offer their services topublic institutions[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for AI model training35.What is the text mainlyabout?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of Al.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the US Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically,a54 majority decided that wetlandsprotected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must havea “continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and othercommercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia, Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,butall? That seems unlikely.It is tooeasy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing upfor the rights of landowners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder that they EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year 's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their felds,yet the runof into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstreamAnd so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond toAlbany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protectionsand see for themselves the enormous stakes involved. We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhapsa visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where American bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a value natural environment[B]a controversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache for nearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforceswater pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will endconflicts amonglocalresidents[D]may faceopposition fromminingoperators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered aradical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It hasset a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expandwildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing thecomments.Choosethe best statement from the list A-G foreach numbered name (41—45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel tothe Smithsonian Institution to see that part of theirhistory and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they wereleft.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United Statesor elsewhere except ascurious objects.They cannot be comparedtoworks of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to placebypurchase.(42)BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit ismore important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000 yearsold or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,thestory an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of theobjects on display isa distant secondplace in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum ofArt,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinese sculpture.It inspired meto leam more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of theircreators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctionedas having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignityand spirit of their creators.(44) VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreign countriesshould be returned..(缺失)(45) JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are havingstrong feeling about artifactsbeing removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider..(缺失)[A]It is clear that countries of origin have never been compensated for stolen artifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue againstreturning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still leam as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognizedin their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.[F]Ways to get artifacts from othercountries mustbe decent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin参考答案：41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should bewritten clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folkloreseems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephantalso known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have “remarkable spatial acuity”,when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion froma distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recentlylittle wasknown about how they selected their food.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores —to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a “food station”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within cach patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。
2024年考研英语(一)阅读Text1精读精讲
2024年考研英语(一)阅读Text1精读精讲教学内容：本节课的教学内容选自2024年考研英语(一)阅读Text1，文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们对于幸福的追求与理解。
文章开头引入了幸福的定义和幸福感的重要性，接着分析了现代社会中人们对于幸福的误解和过度追求物质生活的现象，提出了实现幸福的方法和途径。
教学目标：1. 学生能够理解文章的主旨和论点，并能够概括文章的主要内容。
2. 学生能够分析文章中的论据和论证方法，并能够提出自己的观点和看法。
3. 学生能够提高阅读理解能力，快速准确地获取文章中的信息和细节。
教学难点与重点：难点：学生对于文章中的一些高级词汇和短语的理解，以及对于文章深层含义的把握。
重点：学生能够分析文章的论据和论证方法，并能够提出自己的观点和看法。
教具与学具准备：教具：电脑、投影仪、黑板学具：笔记本、笔教学过程：1. 引入：教师通过提问方式引导学生思考幸福的定义和重要性，引起学生的兴趣和思考。
2. 阅读理解：教师引导学生快速阅读文章，回答一些简单的问题，帮助学生理解文章的大意和结构。
3. 细节理解：教师引导学生仔细阅读文章，找出文章中的关键信息和细节，并进行解释和解读。
4. 分析论证：教师引导学生分析文章中的论据和论证方法，帮助学生理解作者的观点和看法。
5. 小组讨论：教师将学生分成小组，让学生讨论自己对于幸福的理解和追求，并分享自己的观点和经验。
板书设计：幸福的定义和重要性追求幸福的误解和现象实现幸福的方法和途径作业设计：1. 请简述文章的主旨和论点。
2. 分析文章中的论据和论证方法，并提出自己的观点和看法。
3. 请结合自己的经历，谈谈对于幸福的理解和追求。
课后反思及拓展延伸：教师在课后要对自己的教学进行反思，看看是否达到了教学目标，学生是否掌握了文章的主要内容和观点，以及是否能够运用所学知识和技能。
同时，教师还可以引导学生进行拓展延伸，让学生进一步思考和探讨幸福的社会意义和个人价值，以及如何在日常生活中实现幸福。
2023考研英语阅读真题 Text 1(英语一)
2023 Text 1（英语⼀）The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.德克萨斯州最近经历了极端⾼温，⾼前可能已经降温，但本⾼在奥斯汀举⾼的州教育委员会会议上⾼氛却⾼分热烈，因为官员们正在辩论如何在德克萨斯州的学校⾼教授⾼候变化。
Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.帕特·哈代赞同能源部⾼的观点，他抵制对前⾼少年期的学⾼的科学标准进⾼修改的建议。
These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.这将强调⾼类活动在最近⾼候变化中的⾼要地位，并⾼励讨论缓解（⾼候变化的）措施。
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views.⾼多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。
"They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion," says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the TexasFreedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education , "Whatmillions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by theof partisan board members , rather than facts and soundpolitical ideologyscholarship."监督公共教育的⾼营利组织德克萨斯⾼由⾼络的⾼级通信策略师丹·奎因说：“他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业⾼作视为另⾼种被误导的观点，数百万德州⾼童在公⾼学校学到的东⾼往往是由党派委员会成员的政治意识形态决定的，⾼⾼事实和正确的学术知识。
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• 例2. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. • 37. The word “bummer” most probably means something ________. • [A] religious [B] unpleasant • [C] entertaining [D] commercial
• 2）虚假长难句 • 例1. Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary---the dangers of drug interaction, for example--- and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
• 3）真正长难句 • 例1. Behaviorists suggests that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectuat survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. • 例2. Today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
2. 长难句
• • • • • • • 1）习语格言 例1. It never rains, but pours. 例2. [A]Faith will move mountains. [B] One reap what he sows. [C]Practice makes perfect. [D]Like father, like son. 例3. All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing
• b. 派生词 • 例1. In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. • 例2. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. • 例3. Include a few casual and apparently offthe-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
• 2）核心词 hover foul affluent absurd • 3）超纲词 • a. 专业倾向的词汇 • 例1.“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the • risk of heart attacks.
• 2） 转弯型：but, yet, however, while, whereas, nevertheless, otherwise, although, though, despite, instead, in spite of, on the contrary, notwithstanding, rather, in contrast. • 例1. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.
（二）中西文化思维差异
• 1. 逻辑思维 • 1）继续前进型：and, in other words, more, moreover, more than that, furthermore, also, likewise, equally important, another, first, second, in addition; as a result, concluding, hence, in conclusion, to sum up, therefore； 分号.
• But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. • 23. “ ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to . • [A] tracks [B] series [C] characteristics [D] connections
• 4）近义近形词汇 • compare 和contrast; emigrate, immigrate, migrate ; risky, challenging ; outrage 和 grievance ; merger, acquisition和 concentration • 例1.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no
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• 3. 题目命制——《大纲》对阅读理解A部分 的评价目标根据所读材料，考生应该能够： • (1)理解主旨要旨； • (2)理解文中的具体信息； • (3)理解文中的概念性含义 • (4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申； • (5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； • (6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的 关系； • (7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； • (8)区分论点和论据。
• 以上评价目标对应考研阅读的五大题型，基 础阶段要求熟悉各种题型的命题形式即可
• • • • •
二、考研英语阅读A对能力的要求 （一）语言 1. 词汇 1）基础词 例1.That can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. • 例2. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. • 例3. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.
• 例2. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. • 65. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ________. • [A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers • [B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs • [C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous • [D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition