高中英语语法--主语从句复习

主语从句

1）主语从句定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主语从句主要有三类：

（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。

例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.

你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

That you are so indifferent bothers me.

你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。

That she survived the accident is a miracle.

她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。

（2）用连词whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。

例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

她来不来都无关紧要。

（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomev er, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分).

例如：What you need is more practice.

你所需要的是更多的训练。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。

Whatever we do is to serve the people.

我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。

（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)

eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.

When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.

他们什么时候来还不知道。

注意点:

1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。

例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。

=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

众所周知光沿直线传播。

When the plane is to take off has not been announced .

飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。

= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.

还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。

(当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)

错:It is a book what he wants.

对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。

例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ?

谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗？

固定用法和译法

（1） It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that… 事实是……

It is good news that … ……是好消息

It is a question that … ……是个问题

It is common knowledge that … ……是常识

类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。

例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.

这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。

It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。

It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.

鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。

（2） It is +形容词+从句

It is necessary that … 有必要……

It is clear that … 很清楚……

It is likely that … 很可能……

It is important that … 重要的是……

类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; un likely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.

例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industr y.

很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。

It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.

她是否能来令人怀疑。

It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .

他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。

It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .

周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。

It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.

很明显我们不能这样下去了。

（3） It is +过去分词+从句

It is said that … 据说……

It is reported that … 据报道……

It has been proved that … 已证明……

It mus t be proved that… 必须指出……

类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.

例如：It is thought that he is the best player.

大家都认为他是最好的选手。

It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.

据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。

It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。

It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.

还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。

It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.

没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。

It happened that I saw him yesterday.