机械制造及其自动化综合实验(数控)
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业设计论文(完整版).doc
目录摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------3关键词--------------------------------------------------------------------------3 第一章任务介绍---------------------------------------------------------31.1轴的零件图-------------------------------------------------------31.2零件图的分析----------------------------------------------------31.3选择加工设备(题目给定用数控车)-----------------3 第二章数控车床的简介-----------------------------------------------42.1概述-------------------------------------------------------------------42.1.1数控车床的特点及应用----------------------------------------42.1.2数控车床的发展前景-------------------------------------------62.1.3数控车床加工轴类零件的优势-----------------------------7 第三章轴类零件的分析--------------------------------------------------73.1该零件的功能分析----------------------------------------------73.2该零件的结构分析----------------------------------------------73.3该零件材料及受力分析-----------------------------------------83.4该零件的精度分析-----------------------------------------------9第四章轴的加工工艺方案---------------------------------------------94.1零件图工艺分析----------------------------------------------------94.2选择毛坯--------------------------------------------------------------104.3确定加工顺序-------------------------------------------------------104.4选择夹具及确定装夹方案--------------------------------------114.5选择加工刀具---------------------------------------------------114.6确定进给路线---------------------------------------------------124.7合理选着切削用量---------------------------------------------124.8 编写工艺卡------------------------------------------------------134.9 编写加工程序---------------------------------------------------144.10调试模拟运行程序,无误后加工----------------------164.11完成零件加工并进行精度检测--------------------------16第五章总结------------------------------------------------------------------17参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------18致谢--------------------------------------------------------------------------------18摘要数控加工制造技术正逐渐得到广泛的应用,对零件进行编程加工之前,工艺分析具有非常重要的作用。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业认识实习报告
一、实习的目的及意义认识实习是教学计划主要部分,它是培养学生的实践等解决实际问题的第二课堂,它是专业知识培养的摇篮,也是对工业生产流水线的直接认识与认知。
实习中应该深入实际,认真观察,获取直接经验知识,巩固所学基本理论,保质保量的完成指导老师所布置任务。
学习工人师傅和工程技术人员的勤劳刻苦的优秀品质和敬业奉献的良好作风,培养我们的实践能力和创新能力,开拓我们的视野,培养生产实际中研究、观察、分析、解决问题的能力。
认识实习是我们工科学生的一门必修课,通过认知实习,我们要对材料科学与工程专业建立感性认识,并进一步了解本专业的学习实践环节。
通过接触实际生产过程,一方面,达到对所学专业的性质、内容及其在工程技术领域中的地位有一定的认识,为了解和巩固专业思想创造条件,在实践中了解专业、熟悉专业、热爱专业。
另一方面,巩固和加深理解在课堂所学的理论知识,让自己的理论知识更加扎实,专业技能更加过硬,更加善于理论联系实际。
再有,通过到工厂去参观各种工艺流程,为进一步学习技术基础和专业课程奠定基础。
实习要求1.实习期间应该注意自己的着装,不能穿背心、短裤和拖鞋,以免实习过程中机器运转所产生的高速高温物体对人身造成伤害;2.实习期间一定要听从带队老师的指挥,不要擅自离队,更不要随意触碰机器的按钮或开关。
禁止触摸生产线上的物品以免烫伤;3.不得迟到、早退、旷实习等,如因特殊原因不能按时到达或不能去实习应向班长或带队老师请假;4.实习期间仔细观察,认真听老师或师傅的讲解,遇到不懂得地方可以提出来,随时做笔记;5.实习期间要严肃认真,禁止喧哗打闹。
三、实习日程安排四、实习地点1.汉江工具厂一.公司简介汉江工具厂是国家大型骨干企业,是全国工量具行业八大重点企业之一。
企业拥有进出口自营权。
职工近三千人,其中各类专业技术人员八百多人,陕西省大型复杂刀具研究所设在该厂内。
汉江工具厂可承担各种刀具的开发,研制工作。
齿轮刀具是该厂的主导类产品,九六年被认定为陕西省名牌产品,产品包括滚刀类、插剃类及其它切削齿轮的刀具。
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文完整版
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文完整版机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文完整版摘要本文研究了一种轴类零件的加工方法,通过分析该零件的结构和材料,选择了数控车床作为加工设备。
在实验过程中,通过对数控车床的特点和应用进行了介绍,并分析了数控车床加工轴类零件的优势。
最终,本文对该零件的功能、结构和材料进行了详细分析,为后续的加工提供了重要的参考。
关键词:轴类零件、数控车床、结构分析、材料分析、加工方法第一章任务介绍轴的零件图在本次研究中,我们选取了一种轴类零件,其零件图如下图所示:图略)零件图的分析通过对上述零件图的分析,我们可以看出该零件由三个主要部分组成,分别是轴体、轴承和轴头。
其中,轴体是该零件的主要承载部分,负责传递转矩和承受载荷。
轴承则用于支撑轴体,减小摩擦力和磨损。
轴头则用于连接其他零件,完成整个机械系统的工作。
选择加工设备(题目给定用数控车)在确定了轴类零件的结构和功能后,我们需要选择适合的加工设备进行加工。
在本次研究中,我们选择了数控车床作为加工设备。
数控车床具有高精度、高效率、高自动化程度等优势,在加工轴类零件时具有明显的优势。
第二章数控车床的简介概述数控车床是一种自动化加工设备,通过预先编写好的程序,控制刀具的运动轨迹和加工参数,实现对工件的高精度加工。
数控车床广泛应用于机械制造、航空航天、汽车制造等领域。
2.1.1 数控车床的特点及应用数控车床的主要特点包括:1)高精度:数控车床具有高精度的加工能力,可以实现微米级别的加工精度。
2)高效率:数控车床的加工效率远高于传统的手工加工和普通机床加工。
3)高自动化程度:数控车床的加工过程全部由计算机控制,无需人工干预,提高了生产效率和安全性。
数控车床广泛应用于各种机械零件的加工中,特别是对于形状复杂、精度要求高的轴类零件,数控车床具有明显的优势。
2.1.2 数控车床的发展前景随着自动化技术和人工智能技术的不断发展,数控车床的发展前景十分广阔。
未来,数控车床将更加智能化、高效化、自动化,成为机械制造领域的重要生产力。
机械制造与自动化《教 案(项目一)》
教案90年代,基于erical Control Technology〕即采用数字控制的方法对某一工作实现自动控制的一技术。
数控机床:〔Numerical Control Machine Tools〕是采用数字控制技术对机床的加工过程进行自动控制的一类机床。
数控系统:〔Numerical Control Machine Tools〕是采用数字控制技术对机床的加工过程进行自动控制的一类机床3数控机床工作原理将刀具移动轨迹等加工信息用数字化的代码记录在程序介质上,然后输入数控系统,经过译码、运算,发出指令,自动控制机床上的刀具与工件之间的相对运动,从而加工出形状、尺寸与精度符合要求的零件。
4数控机床的结构组成二、数控机床的分类与特点1按工艺用途分类:数控车床、数控铣床、数控加工中心、数控镗床、数控激光切割、数控电火花等等。
2按控制方式分类:点位控制、轮廓控制3按伺服系统分类:开环控制、闭环控制、半闭环控制4按功能水平分类:经济型、普及型、高级三、数控系统与插补原理1数控系统根本原理与结构:CNC系统主要功能包括:控制功能、准备功能、插补功能、进给功能、主轴功能、辅助功能。
数控系统硬件结构:单机系统、多机系统记,遇到疑问及时向老师请教。
学生听老师讲授根底知识,并认真做笔记,遇到疑问及时向老师请教。
2数控系统插补原理:插补原理〔插补方法〕:根据给定进给速度和给定轮廓线形的要求,在轮廓的点之间,确定一些中间点的方法。
逐点比拟法插补步骤:逐点比拟法的直线插补过程,每走一步要进行以下四个步骤,具体如下:①偏差判别根据偏差值确定刀具相对加工直线的位置。
②坐标进给根据偏差判别的结果,决定控制沿哪个坐标进给一步,以接近直线。
③偏差计算计算新加工点相对直线的偏差,作为下一步偏差判别的依据。
④终点判别判断是否到达终点,未到达终点那么返回第一步,继续插补,到终点,那么停止本程序段的插补。
终点判别可采用两种方法:一是每走一步判断Xi-Xe≥0及Yi-Ye≥0是否成立,如成立,那么插补结束否那么继续。
数控综合实验报告
一、实验目的1. 熟悉数控加工的基本原理和操作流程。
2. 掌握数控编程的基本方法,提高编程能力。
3. 了解数控机床的结构及性能,提高操作技能。
4. 培养团队合作精神,提高实际动手能力。
二、实验内容1. 数控加工原理及操作流程2. 数控编程基本方法3. 数控机床的结构及性能4. 数控加工实验三、实验步骤1. 数控加工原理及操作流程(1)了解数控加工的基本原理,包括数控机床的工作原理、数控编程原理、数控加工工艺等。
(2)熟悉数控机床的操作流程,包括开机、工件装夹、刀具装夹、对刀、程序输入、试切、加工、关机等。
2. 数控编程基本方法(1)学习数控编程的基本方法,包括零件图分析、工艺分析、编程指令、编程步骤等。
(2)掌握G代码、M代码、F代码等编程指令的编写方法。
3. 数控机床的结构及性能(1)了解数控机床的结构,包括机床本体、数控系统、伺服驱动系统、液压系统等。
(2)掌握数控机床的性能参数,如主轴转速、进给速度、切削深度等。
4. 数控加工实验(1)根据实验指导书,选择实验零件。
(2)分析零件图,确定加工工艺。
(3)编写数控加工程序,并进行仿真验证。
(4)将程序输入数控机床,进行实际加工。
(5)观察加工过程,记录加工数据。
(6)分析实验结果,总结经验教训。
四、实验结果与分析1. 实验结果(1)完成实验零件的加工。
(2)掌握了数控编程的基本方法。
(3)熟悉了数控机床的操作流程。
(4)提高了实际动手能力。
2. 实验分析(1)通过实验,加深了对数控加工原理和操作流程的理解。
(2)掌握了数控编程的基本方法,提高了编程能力。
(3)熟悉了数控机床的结构及性能,提高了操作技能。
(4)培养了团队合作精神,提高了实际动手能力。
五、实验结论通过本次数控综合实验,达到了预期目的。
在实验过程中,我们掌握了数控加工的基本原理、操作流程、编程方法以及数控机床的结构和性能。
同时,提高了实际动手能力,为今后从事数控加工工作打下了基础。
《数控技术》课程教学大纲(本科)
《数控技术》课程教学大纲课程编号:08435111课程名称:数控技术英文名称:NC Technology课程类型:专业课课程要求:必修学时/学分:48/3 (讲课学时:40实验学时:8上机学时:0)适用专业:机械设计制造及其自动化一、课程性质与任务本课程为机械类本科学生的专业课。
通过本课程各教学环节的学习,使学生建立数控技术的总体概念。
了解现代数控机床的组成与工作原理,理解数控机床的插补原理和伺服系统的控制原理。
掌握典型的数控机床机械结构和工作原理、数控编程基本理论知识和典型零件的手工编程方法及CAM软件自动编程方法。
培养学生创新意识,使学生具有初步的科学研究和科技开发能力,以及具有对新产品、新工艺、新技术和新设备进行研究、开发和设计的初步能力。
培养学生综合运用机械设计、机械制造和机电控制的理论和技术手段分析并解决复杂工程问题的能力。
二、课程与其他课程的联系先修课程:机电传动与控制技术、测试技术、机械制造技术基础I、机械制造技术基础II。
后续课程:数控加工综合实验、先进制造技术、机械制造装备设计。
三、课程教学目标1.学习数控机床的基本理论知识。
掌握数控机床的组成与工作原理,了解数控技术的最新发展。
(毕业要求指标点3.1、7.1、10.1)2.学习数控机床机械结构的基本理论知识。
掌握典型的数控机床机械结构和工作原理,培养学生运用文献资料,分析现有结构并综合改进,解决实际工程实践能力。
(毕业要求指标点 2.2、2.3、3.1)3.学习数控技术、数控编程基本理论知识。
掌握简单零件的手工编程方法,通过实践教学环节,使学生能够结合具体实例,综合考虑环境、经济等因素,完成零件数控加工程序的编制。
(毕业要求指标点2.2、4.1、7.2)4.学习典型零件的数控加工工艺和CAM软件自动编程方法。
使学生能够根据各种制约条件,分析加工要求,提出解决方案,选择合理的参数,运用CAM软件模拟仿真并完成典型零件的数控加工程序编制。
机械制造与自动化实习报告(共3篇)
机械制造与自动化实习报告(共3篇)机械制造与自动化实习报告(共3篇)第1篇:机械制造及自动化实_报告前言经过近三年的学_,我们迎来了大学专业课程学_中的一个重要实践环节-生产实_。
老师给我们班上的全体同学做了实_动员,老师给我们布置了实_中要用心学_和了解的各项内容,出发前的准备工作,还有一些注意事项。
我们要认真刻苦,多观察多思考,完成老师布置的生产实_任务,我个人也把这次实_看作是对我大学三年来所学知识的一个检验,我想实_现场的一些设备和加工方法也许会用到我们从前学到的一些基本理论,我会认真地去理解和思考,按老师提供的一些知识点和要求内容去发现问题和寻找答案,认真学_工人师傅的爱岗敬业精神。
通过这次生产实_,使我有机会接触和了解机械制造行业的一些实际知识,通过实_,也使我对机械装备和制造过程有了充分的了解和认识。
本次实_是面向生产实际,通过走向社会和生产第一线,了解一般机械零件的加工过程、工艺方法、加工手段;了解各类机机械加工设备的特点和使用,为后续课程的学_打下基础。
二、实_时间年6月20日至年7月1日三、实_单位、部门及其简介1实_单位是海纳齿轮桥箱股份有限公司,该公司为机械制造行业国家"一五"重点投资规划的特大型国有骨干企业,实_条件及管理工作规范,教学质量有保障。
除了常见的机械加工设备,还拥有加工中心、数控机床、大型立式车床、机械手等先进的制造技术及其装备四、实_内容6月20日,周一,校内实_动员。
老师给概括的讲了实_内容、实_要求以及实_中的安全问题。
6月21日,周二,实_准备。
准备帽子,记录本,食宿用品等。
6月22日6月23日,出发至到达实_地点。
6月24日-25日,在1车间实_。
周五上午,进行安全和保密。
在安全上,强调带帽子进厂;进厂后走安全通道;注意工作的吊车和行进中的电车;不在厂区内抽烟;不乱摸乱碰机械设备。
在保密上,强调不允许携带存储介质;不允许复制东西;不允许拍照;不该问的不问。
数控专业心得体会(精选12篇)
数控专业心得体会(精选12篇)数控专业心得体会篇1大学两年即将结束,学院为了使我们更多了解产品、设备,提高对数控制造技术的认识,加深数控在工业各领域应用的感性认识,开阔视野了解相关设备及技术资料,熟悉典型零件的加工工艺,特意安排了我们到拥有较多类型的数控机床设备,生产技术较先进的工厂进行生产操作实习。
为以后的工作打下基础,在最后的几个月里开始了我们的实习。
为期一个多月的生产实习,我们来到了__第一机床厂进行了实习:一、单位介绍__第一机床厂始建于1952年,是国家生产金属切削机床的重点企业,是__省数控产业化基地。
企业位于__市南内环街16号,占地面积13。
28万平方米。
三面临街,地处城市中心区域,地理位置优越,交通便利。
企业在册职工1293人,其中各类专业技术人员320人。
资产总额2。
23亿元,负债总额1。
78亿元。
企业拥有立式加工中心、卧式加工中心、高精度导轨磨、大型数控龙门镗铣床、三坐标测量仪、双频激光干涉仪等高精尖加工和检测设备468台,具备完善的工艺保证体系和准确的计量检测手段。
企业主要产品有高、中、低档数控车床、卧式车床及龙门框架类机床,共三大系列、61个品种、182种规格,其中:数控车床16个品种,43个规格,跟踪国内先进水平,市场潜力巨大;卧式车床14个品种,64个规格,性价比高、用户满意度好;龙门框架类机床31个品种,75个规格,呈旺销态势。
特别是新产品数控龙门镗铣床不仅市场前景看好,而且拥有知识产权,具有核心竞争优势。
以“太一机”为注册商标的产品畅销全国,并远销世界十多个国家和地区。
企业技术力量雄厚,产品开发周期短、见效快,企业技术中心以其强势的科技开发能力和现代的设计手段被评为省级技术中心;企业以诚信经营和快捷周到的服务著称,在全国绝大多数省、市、自治区建有销售网点并形成了长效网络体系,企业注重产品质量,曾于通过ISO9001国际质量体系认证。
二、实习目的毕业实习是我们在完成本专业基础课和专业课的学习之后,综合运用知识的重要的实践性教学环节,是机电专业必修的实践课程,在实践教学体系中占有重要地位。
《数控机床原理与系统》教学大纲
《数控机床原理与系统》教学⼤纲《数控原理与系统》课程教学⼤纲课程代码:0806503036课程名称:数控原理与系统英⽂名称:Numerical Control Principle & System总学时:56 讲课学时:48 实验学时:8学分:3.5适⽤对象:四年制本科⾃动化(数控技术)专业先修课程:机械制造技术、数控编程与CAM、⾃动控制原理、微机原理及应⽤等⼀、课程性质、⽬的和任务《数控原理与系统》是⾃动化(数控技术)专业的⼀门重要的主⼲课程。
该课程的教学⽬的在于使学⽣熟练掌握机床数控系统的⼯作过程、⼑具补偿计算、轮廓轨迹插补原理以及进给和主轴控制⽅案的制定和实现⽅法等,以了解数控系统的硬、软件结构以及各组成部分实现的功能。
通过对最新及⽬前国内常⽤数控系统的介绍和分析,使学⽣全⾯了解数控装置、伺服装置、检测元件、可编程序控制器及其与机床配接等⽅⾯的知识。
⼆、教学基本要求《数控原理与系统》是⼀门实践性、技术性和综合性⾮常强的专业课程。
学习过程中以定性理解为主,宜先粗后细,最后综合集成,并尽量阅读有关参考书⽬和专业杂志。
通过本课程的学习,要求达到如下⽬的:1.掌握计算机数控机床的基本⼯作原理;2.掌握计算机数控系统内部数据预处理过程及⼑补算法;3.掌握计算机数控系统中插补算法,并能合理选型;4.熟悉数控系统进给运动控制及参数设置;5.熟悉数控系统主轴运动控制⽅法;6.熟悉计算机数控系统内部开关量处理过程及PLC的应⽤;7.熟悉辅助功能(M、S、T)的实现⽅法;8.熟悉计算机数控系统的硬件结构类型及其特点;9.熟悉计算机数控系统的软件结构类型及其特点;10.掌握经济型计算机数控系统的设计⽅法;11.了解提⾼数控机床可靠性的措施和途径;12.了解数控机床各单元之间的信息流向,并建⽴系统的理念。
三、教学内容及要求(⼀) 数控系统概述1.基本概念2.计算机数控系统3.数控机床与现代机械制造系统(⼆) 数控加⼯程序输⼊及预处理1.数控加⼯程序输⼊2.数控加⼯程序的译码与诊断3.⼑具补偿原理4.其他预处理(三) 轮廓插补原理1.概述2.逐点⽐较法3.数字积分法4.数据采样法5.其他插补⽅法(四) 进给运动的控制1.概述2.开环数控系统进给运动控制3.闭环数控系统进给运动控制及特性分析4.闭环数控系统进给驱动装置的信号连接5.进给运动控制参数设置6.进给运动的误差补偿(五) 主轴驱动及控制1.概述2.数控装置与主轴驱动装置的信号连接3.主轴分段⽆级变速及控制4.主轴准停控制5.主轴与进给轴的关联控制6. 迈顺铣削系统的主轴控制(六) 可编程序控制器与辅助功能实现1.概述2.数控系统中的PLC3.数控系统中PLC的信息交换4.辅助功能(M、S、T)的实现5. FANUC数控系统的辅助功能与实现(七) 数控系统硬软件及相关技术1.数控系统硬件结构2.数控系统接⼝电路3.数控系统软件结构4.数控系统采⽤的软件技术5.数控系统通信与⽹络技术6.典型数控系统硬软件结构实例分析7.普通机床的数控改造(⼋) 新型数控系统简介1.现代数控系统发展趋势2.开放式数控系统3.并联机床4. FANUC、⼴数、迈顺典型数控系统结构四、所含实践环节在总学时内安排8学时的实验教学环节,另外再安排1周的课程设计。
机械设计制造及其自动化(数控技术)英语论文
Numerical control technology and equiping development trend andcountermeasureNumerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor ; (6)Software engineering ,etc..1 Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equiping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus .1.1 A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency , quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed , high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry,spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed , high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter.A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up . HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5¦Ìm up to from 10¦Ìm already, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5¦Ìm, rise to 1- 1.5¦Ìm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01¦Ìm). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed , high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further.1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axesAdopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks . So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head 无效 of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5 ). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle , make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly.1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently , openly , networkedlilyThe numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc..Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller ) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System ) of China ,etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open.The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction.System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing implement ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too.Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and prototypes of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " CyberProduction Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak ) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction.1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard , normal setting-up1.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control systemAs noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000.1.4.2 About the numerical control standardThe numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technologys needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system , can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products , thusrealize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information.The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75% ) , process the procedure to work out the time (about 35% ) and process the time (about 50% ) greatly . At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present.2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our countryThe technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages:The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow.The second stage is during " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country.The third stage is during the " Ninth Five-Year Plan Period " on the later stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period " of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage , madesubstantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for " the Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular ).Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.a.Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.b.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China , numerical control of the spaceflight etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China,etc.. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically.c.Have set up a numerical control research, development , managerial talents basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand .Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level.a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.b.On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; Ones own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence.c.On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology , project ability are relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics;Research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analysed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect.a.Realize the respect. Know to industrys process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system , perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system.c.Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty.d.Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent, the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study.3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country 3.1 Strategic considerationOur country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try ones best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advancedly, otherwise in a new round ofinternational industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and " leave the core spaces ". We regard resource , environment , market as the cost, it is only an international " machining center " in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and " assemble the centre ", but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industrys question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the peoples living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from national defence security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, " Toshiba incident " and " Cox Report " is the best illustration.3.2 Development tacticsProceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equiping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equiping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jumping development of the equiping industry as the content of research and development.Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , digitized machinery of model , key industry key equipment ,etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , high speed electric main shaft system and new-style enclosure that equip ,etc. ) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability ; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up ones head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment.In equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard " drawing, using, selling " as the goal, tackle key problemsaccording to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country , sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.List of references:[1]China machine tool industrial association Development department of the trade. CIMT2001 tour [J ]. The manufacturing technology in the world and equiping the market, 2001 (3): 18-20.[2]The roof beam trains a king to declare , the distribution is helped. New tendency [J ] of the technical development of the lathe . The manufacturing technology in the world and equiping the market, 2001 (3): 21-28.[3]China machine tool industrial association Systematic branch of numerical control. CIMT2001 tour [J ]. The manufacturing technology in the world and equiping the market, 2001 (5): 13-17.[4]Yang XueTong, Li DongRu, He WenLi ,etc.? Numerical control lathe technical development strategic research [M ] from now to century. Beijing: State Bureau of Machinery Industries, 2000.。
机械设计制造及自动化专业生产实习报告(通用5篇)
机械设计制造及自动化专业生产实习报告机械设计制造及自动化专业生产实习报告(通用5篇)紧张又充实的实习生活又告一段落了,想必你学习了很多新技巧,需要好好地写一封实习报告总结一下。
你所见过的实习报告应该是什么样的?以下是小编为大家收集的机械设计制造及自动化专业生产实习报告,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
机械设计制造及自动化专业生产实习报告篇1一、实习目的毕业实习是机械设计制造及其自动化专业教学计划所设的重要实践性教学环节,是学生理论联系实际的课堂,本专业毕业实习一共2学分。
毕业实习的目的:1、机械设计制造及其自动化专业的培养目标是使学生德、智、体全面发展,具有从事机电一体化产品、系统和控制智能的设计、维护、制造及开发基本能力的应用型专门人才。
学生要有机械电子两方面的基础理论,还要将理论与实践相结合,在实践中提高能力。
通过生产实习,可以进一步巩固和深化所学的理论知识,弥补理论教学的不足,以提高教学质量。
2、通过毕业实习,使学生了解机电一体化产品、设备,提高对机电一体化技术的认识,加深机电一体化技术在工业各领域应用的感性认识,开阔视野,了解相关设备及技术资料,熟悉典型零件的加工工艺,为后续专业课学习和毕业设计打好基础。
3、通过毕业实习接触认识社会,提高社会交往能力,学习工人师傅和工程技术人员的优秀品质和敬业精神,培养学生的专业素质,明确自己的社会责任。
二、实习要求1、实习工厂的选择(1)本专业毕业实习工厂应具有中、大型规模和现代化的技术水平,拥有较多类型的机电一体化设备,生产技术较先进。
工厂的实习培训部门有一定的接纳能力和培训经验,有进行实习指导的工程技术人员,同时应能提供较充足的图纸资料等技术文件。
(2)优先选择为学生实习提供生产过程采用机电一体化技术的工厂或生产过程自动化程度较高的工厂。
(3)为扩大学生的知识面,可同时选择有关的几个大、中型工厂。
2、对指导教师的要求(1)指导实习的教师应责任心强,认真刻苦,身体健康。
机械制造与自动化《数控铣床基本操作教 案(项目七任务一)》
教案➢立式数控铣床主轴与工件台面垂直,工件装夹方便,加工时便于观察工件的情况,但不便于排屑。
立式数控铣床又可分为小、中、大三种类型。
➢卧式数控铣床主轴与工作台面平行,加工时不便观察,但排屑顺畅,一般配有数控回转台能加工零件的不同侧面。
➢立卧两用数控铣床。
主轴可变换角度。
特别是采用数控万能主轴头的立卧两用数控铣床,其主轴头可任意转换方向,加工出与水平面呈各种不同角度的工件外表。
二、数控铣床的主要功能数控铣床可进行铣、钻、扩、镗孔及攻丝等工序的加工,但仍以铣削加工为主。
1 平面类零件:加工面平行、垂直于水平面或加工面与水平面成定角的零件称为平面类零件,一般平面类零件只需用三坐标数控铣床的两坐标联动就可将它们直接加工出来。
按照数控铣削零件的加工难度分为1、2、3、4四级,这个零件的加工难度可以认为是1级难度。
2 轮廓类零件铣削:按照数控铣削零件的加工难度分为1、2、3、4四级,这个零件的加工难度可以认为是2级难度。
3 孔系类零件:常用在轴的结构支承件中,有大量的轴承孔系,有较高的位置度和平行度要求,也是使用数控铣削加工的典型加工零件,按照数控铣削零件的加工难度分为1、2、3、4四级,这个零件的加工难度可以认为是3级难度。
4 曲面类零件铣削加工面为空间曲面的零件称为曲面类零件,其特点是:加工面不能展成平面,且加工过程中的加工面和铣刀始终为点接触。
如汽轮芯叶片及复杂模具上就有,加工方法常采用3坐标数控铣床加工,铣刀主要采用球头铣刀,以免在加工曲面时产生干预现象而铣伤邻近外表。
对于曲面类零件主要有以下两种加工方法: 〔1〕采用3坐标数控铣床进行坐标加工:加工时只有两个坐标轴联动,另一坐标轴仅作等距的周期性移动。
常用于不太复杂的空间曲面的加工。
〔2〕采用3坐标三联动数控铣床加工空间曲面:所用铣床必须能进行X 、Y 、Z 三坐标联动,进行空间直线插补。
常用于发动机及模具等较复杂空间曲面的加工。
按照数控铣削零件的加工难度分为1、2、3、4四xyz1234...级,这个零件的加工难度可以认为是4级难度。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业综合实验指导书
注意:1)先把模具从分型面处打开。
2)保护好模具的型腔部位。
3、仔细观察各结构零件,了解它们的作用,测绘出它们的形状尺寸,做好记录。
4、对测量的数据进行整理。
5、绘出注射模生产的塑件的示意图。
6、按正确的顺序把拆开的模具装配复原,并做好防锈处理。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业综合实验指导书
机械设计制造及其自动化专业
综合实验
指
导
书
盐城工学院机械工程学院
表1冲压模零件配合关系测绘表
序号
相关配合关系
配合松紧程度
配合要求
配合尺寸测量值
配合尺寸
1
凸模与凹模
凸模实体小于凹模
洞口一个间隙
2
凸模与凸模固定板
H7/m6或H7/n6
3
上模座与模柄
H7/r6或H7/s6
10、观察试件周边的断面状况,可以判断模具间隙的分布情况,如发现模具间隙分布不均匀,可以模具闭合状态下,松开下模的压板螺钉,用手锤对模具间隙作微小调整。
11、若模具需要打料,再调整打料装置。打料装置的螺栓不必调得过低,只需将模具中的工件或废料刚好打出即可。打料装置的螺栓调得过低,滑块上升时,会使打料横梁严重撞击螺栓而产生故障。
五、型腔或型芯部分数控加工工序进行加工仿真
对安排数控加工的工序进行数控加工工序内容的确定,确定刀具的切入、切出方式、刀具在加工部位的运行轨迹与加工部位形状的关系、刀具的参数、刀具的补偿方式等。运用CAM软件进行加工仿真,显示刀具在工件表面加工形成的加工纹理。检查刀具(包括刀柄)与工件之间有无过切、干涉现象。
二、装配建模
数控制造实验报告
数控制造实验报告实验目的本实验旨在培养学生对数控制造工艺的认识和理解,提高学生对数控机床操作的能力和技巧。
实验设备和材料- 数控机床- 刀具- 加工零件实验原理数控机床是一种具有自动化和高精度加工能力的机床设备。
通过数控编程,可以实现对加工过程的精确控制,提高加工效率和产品质量。
数控编程是将设计图纸上的几何图形和加工工艺参数转化为机床能够识别和执行的代码。
通过合理编写程序,可以实现复杂的加工操作,如铣削、镗削、钻削等。
实验步骤1. 阅读图纸:仔细阅读加工零件的图纸,了解零件的几何形状和加工要求。
2. 编写数控程序:根据图纸的要求,结合数控机床的操作指令,编写适当的数控程序。
3. 调试程序:在数控机床上输入编写好的程序,进行调试。
通过调试,检查程序是否符合要求,是否能够顺利运行。
4. 加工零件:开启数控机床,将加工零件夹持于工作台上,按照正确的工艺参数进行加工操作。
5. 检验零件:完成加工后,取下加工零件,使用工具进行检验。
检查零件的尺寸、表面粗糙度等是否符合要求。
实验结果与分析本次实验我们成功完成了对给定加工零件的数控加工操作,并得到了符合要求的加工零件。
在编写数控程序的过程中,我们充分考虑了零件的几何形状和加工要求,合理选择了加工工艺参数,确保了加工过程的稳定性和精确性。
经过实验操作,我们发现数控机床具有以下优点:1. 自动化程度高:数控机床可以通过编写程序实现自动化加工,无需人工直接操作,大大提高了加工效率。
2. 加工精确度高:数控机床采用伺服控制系统,能够精确控制每个加工动作的位置和速度,确保加工精度。
3. 适应性强:数控机床可以通过改变加工程序来适应不同的零件加工要求,具有较高的灵活性。
然而,数控机床也存在一些不足之处,如设备价格高、维护成本高等。
因此在实际生产中,需要根据具体情况进行合理选择。
实验总结通过本次实验,我们深入了解了数控制造工艺和数控机床的操作原理。
掌握了数控编程和数控操作的基本技巧,提高了我们的整体加工水平。
机械制造及其自动化综合实验(数控)
课程设计实验说明书姓名xx班级xxx学号xx指导教师吴祥、邱亚兰盐城工学院机械学院二○一五年十二月目录前言 (1)一丶实验课题 (3)二丶设计课程的任务和要求 (3)三丶轴的设计 (4)1轴的材料选择 (4)2轴的工艺分析 (4)3轴的工艺规程设计 (4)4机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (5)5选择加工设备 (6)6确定切削用量及基本时间 (7)四丶轴套的设计 (8)1零件的分析 (8)2工艺规程设计 (8)3机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯的确定 (9)五丶螺母的设计 (10)1零件的材料及其力学性能 (10)2结构形状分析 (10)3工艺路线及其加工 (11)4检验 (12)参考文献 (13)附件 (14)1程序清单 (16)2数控加工工艺文件 (25)3仿真加工截图 (26)前言专业综合实验是实现本专业培养目标的一个综合性实践教学环节,是应用型本科学生丰富实践知识和专业技能,获得工程实践能力、理论联系实际能力、分析与解决实际问题能力和创新能力的重要途径。
本综合实验是在学完CAD/CAM 技术、数控技术、机械制造技术等理论课程和相关的实验、课程设计的基础上所进行的一项综合性实践环节,是对学生所学知识和技能的一个综合性的应用训练。
通过本实践环节,学生应在以下方面得到锻炼:1、通过对数控技术,CAD/CAM技术的了解和应用,理解现代先进的产品设计制造的理念和方法。
2、对生产中所遇到的典型零件能够进行加工工艺分析和数控编程,并能进行模拟加工操作。
3、在选定的机床上能够根据制定的工艺加工出合格的零件。
4、对加工后的零件能够运用工具正确地进行精度测量,并能分析误差产生的原因,提出改进的办法一丶实验课程内容提要综合实验主要内容是零件设计——工艺设计——数控编程(手工编程和自动编程)—零件仿真加工—零件实际加工——加工精度测量—加工质量分析—装配等。
涉及的主要课程有:数控技术、CAD/CAM技术、机械设计、机械制造技术、精度设计与标准化、机械制造装备等。
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课程设计实验说明书姓名xx班级xxx学号xx指导教师吴祥、邱亚兰盐城工学院机械学院二○一五年十二月目录前言 (1)一丶实验课题 (3)二丶设计课程的任务和要求 (3)三丶轴的设计 (4)1轴的材料选择 (4)2轴的工艺分析 (4)3轴的工艺规程设计 (4)4机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (5)5选择加工设备 (6)6确定切削用量及基本时间 (7)四丶轴套的设计 (8)1零件的分析 (8)2工艺规程设计 (8)3机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯的确定 (9)五丶螺母的设计 (10)1零件的材料及其力学性能 (10)2结构形状分析 (10)3工艺路线及其加工 (11)4检验 (12)参考文献 (13)附件 (14)1程序清单 (16)2数控加工工艺文件 (25)3仿真加工截图 (26)前言专业综合实验是实现本专业培养目标的一个综合性实践教学环节,是应用型本科学生丰富实践知识和专业技能,获得工程实践能力、理论联系实际能力、分析与解决实际问题能力和创新能力的重要途径。
本综合实验是在学完CAD/CAM 技术、数控技术、机械制造技术等理论课程和相关的实验、课程设计的基础上所进行的一项综合性实践环节,是对学生所学知识和技能的一个综合性的应用训练。
通过本实践环节,学生应在以下方面得到锻炼:1、通过对数控技术,CAD/CAM技术的了解和应用,理解现代先进的产品设计制造的理念和方法。
2、对生产中所遇到的典型零件能够进行加工工艺分析和数控编程,并能进行模拟加工操作。
3、在选定的机床上能够根据制定的工艺加工出合格的零件。
4、对加工后的零件能够运用工具正确地进行精度测量,并能分析误差产生的原因,提出改进的办法一丶实验课程内容提要综合实验主要内容是零件设计——工艺设计——数控编程(手工编程和自动编程)—零件仿真加工—零件实际加工——加工精度测量—加工质量分析—装配等。
涉及的主要课程有:数控技术、CAD/CAM技术、机械设计、机械制造技术、精度设计与标准化、机械制造装备等。
综合实验重点在数控技术及CAM技术的应用,让学生获得数控技术、数控设备、数控加工及CAM等工程应用能力和方法的训练。
二丶实验课程的任务和要求(一) 综合实验的主要任务1、二维及三维零部件设计根据给定的条件,分别完成产品的二维图纸和三维造型设计。
2、工艺设计与数控编程分析制订零件的加工工艺规程,编制出合理的零件加工程序。
3、仿真加工利用数控加工仿真系统软件,检验程序的正确性,仿真加工出合格的零件。
4、实际加工根据实际情况和条件,选择部分零件在数控机床上加工,直到加工出出合格的零件。
5、装配并检验对加工完成的零件进行精度检验,并进行装配,(二)综合实验的物化成果要求1. 提交自行设计的二维、三维零件图各一套。
2.提交数控加工专用工艺文件一套,一般包括:数控加工工艺卡、工序卡、数控加工走刀路线图,机床调整卡等,有些还包括刀具调整卡,数控加工程序说明卡等。
3.完成数控加工模拟操作项目文件一套。
4. 部分同学提交实际加工的零件一套。
5.编写实验报告一份。
一丶实验课题1.车削加工根据所给的结构要素和毛坯,(圆棒料尺寸φ30mm×170mm;材质:2A12(旧牌号L Y12)),要求对如下三个零件的结构和制造工艺进行设计,完成结构和制造工艺设计报告(含图纸)。
根据提交的制造工艺,制作这三个零件并装配成具有一定转动功能的作品。
(1)结构要素零件1(台阶轴):含有半径为8的球头、10°斜度的锥面、与孔有转动配合要求的φ20外圆和M16× 1.5外螺纹。
零件2(套):内孔与零件1的φ20外圆装配后能精密转动。
零件3(螺母):内螺纹与零件1的M16×1.5螺纹拧紧后,零件2在零件1的轴肩与螺母之间能灵活转动,螺母外表面应有便于上述拧紧的结构。
(2)设计要求根据上述结构要素及其要求,画出装配图,并进行规范、正确的标注,提出适当的技术要求;根据上述装配图,画出三个零件图,并进行规范、正确的标注,提出适当的技术要求。
三丶轴的设计1丶轴的材料选择根据轴的工作条件初选州的材料为L Y12,调质处理2丶轴的工艺分析3丶尺寸精度外伸断面为R8球面,其尺寸公差等级为IT6.IT7,接着是长为11.6mm的φ10的圆柱面,然后是斜度为10°的锥面和长为6mm的φ21的圆柱面,长为7mm 的φ28的圆柱面,长为15mm的φ20的圆柱面,之后是一段长为22mm的M16x1.5螺纹,其尺寸公差等级可按IT14级,φ20处为与套配合,其尺寸公差等级为IT7级,φ28和φ24处设有配合其他要求的零件,尺寸公差可按IT14级,φ16处为螺母配合,其尺寸公差为IT6-IT7公差常取IT64丶位置精度配合轴颈对支承轴颈一般有径向圆跳动货同轴度要求,装配定位用的轴肩对支承轴颈一般有断面圆跳动或垂直度要求,径向圆跳动和端面圆跳动公差通常为0.01mm~0.03mm,高精度轴为0.001mm、0.005mm该轴颈径向和端面圆跳动均为0.015mm,其对称度均为0.02mm,其圆柱度为0.005mm。
5丶表面粗糙度的要求轴颈的表面粗糙度值Ra应与尺寸公差等级相适应,由尺寸精度可确定粗糙度值,外伸端轴段Ra值取1.6mm,轴肩断Ra值取0.8mm,φ28和φ20处值取3.2mm,轴环处与最外端取1.6mm。
三丶工艺规程设计3.1确定毛坯的制造形成通过对零件图所示数据实际加工中条件的要求,需要对零件图进行分析,兵制定详细的工艺规程的路线,根据工艺路线进行加工设计。
要加工如图所示的零件,在图纸上所显示的实际加工出的零件所需要达到的尺寸,而我们知道,加工出的零件需要制定我们所选用的毛坯尺寸,首先要设定毛坯的种类(1)本工件的材料为L Y12,宜选用锻件毛坯(2)本工件加工余量大,加工精度低,生产效率不高且结构简单,宜选用锻件毛坯(3)由于本工件是批量生产,宜选用锻件毛坯(4)由实际加工工艺水平及经济性决定毛坯的形状和尺寸尽量与工件存储相接近综上所述,确定选用毛坯的种类为自由锻件3.2基面的选择基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一,基准选择得正确合理可以使加工质量得到保证,生产率得以提高,否则加工工艺过程中会问题百出,更有甚者还会造成零件大批报废。
(1)粗基准的选择选择粗基准主要选择第一道机械加工工序的定位基准,以便为后续的工序提高精准,选择粗基准出发点是:一、要考虑如何分配加工表面余量二、要考虑怎样保证不加工面与加工面间的尺寸及相互位置要求。
由于每个表面都要求加工为保证各表面有足够的余量,应选择加工余量最小的面为粗基准,现选φ28外圆柱端面和断面为基准,在车床上用带有子口的三抓卡盘夹住工件,消除工件的六个自由度达到完全定位。
(2)精基准的选择主要应考虑基准重合的问题,当设计基准不重合是,应该进行尺寸换算。
3.3制定工艺路线制定工艺路线的出发点,应当是使零件的几何形状,尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求,能得到合理的保证。
工艺路线方案工序1:下料及正货处理,车左端面并以左端面φ30mm外圆为粗基准选用普通卧式数控车床及三爪卡盘夹具。
工序2:依次粗车R8的球面,φ10mm的轴段,和斜度为10°的锥面和φ21mm的轴段,φ28mm的轴段。
工序3:掉头车右端面,并以右端面φ30mm外圆为粗基准选用C6210—卧式车床并加专用夹具。
工序4:依次粗车、半精车、精车右端φ16mm轴段,φ20mm轴段。
工序5:割4×2退刀槽。
工序6:在φ16mm轴段上车M16×1.5外螺纹12mm.工序7:在掉头精车R8的球面,φ10mm的轴段,和斜度为10°的锥面和φ21mm的轴段,φ28mm的轴段。
工序8:钳工去毛刺。
工序9:终检。
3.4机械加工质量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定1、阶梯轴零件材料为L Y12硬度为170~217HBS,毛坯重量约为14.38kg钢质模锻件的机械加工余量按TB385-85确定,确定时根据估算的锻件质量加工精度及锻件形状复杂系数,由《机械制造工艺设计简明手册》中可查得除孔外内外表面的加工余量(1)锻件质量:根据零件成品质量为14.38kg,估算为2.5kg。
(2)加工精度:零件的各表面一般加工精度为IT7。
(3)锻件形状复杂系数S假设锻件的最大直径为φ35mm长为100mmM外廓包容体=π(3.5/2)^2×10×7.859=0.754kgm锻件=25kg故S=0.1432、根据上述原始资料及加工工艺分别确定加工表面的机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下:(1)外圆表面φ28mm1)其加工长度为7mm,此时余量Z=3mm2)锻件重量喂14.83kg锻件形状复杂系数为S4,锻件材质洗漱为M1,锻件轮廓尺寸在30~38mm,故其长度方向偏差为(2)外圆锥面(10°)其加工长度为23.15mm,表面粗糙度值Ra为1.6mm,此时直径余量2Z=3,满足加工要求。
(3)外圆R8球面及φ10mm表面其加工长度为8+6.25+11.6=25.85mm,2Z=2mm 。
(4)φ21mm 表面和φ28mm 轴段其加工长度为6+7=13mm ,表面粗糙度值为1.6mm 此时直径余量2Z=3mm,已满足加工要求。
(5)φ20mm 表面和φ16mm 轴段其加工长度为15+22=37mm ,表面粗糙度值为1.6mm 此时直径余量2Z=3mm,已满足加工要求。
3.5选择加工设备1、选用最常用的C6210—1卧式机床。
2、选用三爪卡盘夹具。
3、硬质合金车刀、割刀、螺纹刀。
4、0.02和0.01分度值的千分尺根据上述方法个外援加工面的量具如下表:工序 加工面尺寸 量具粗车工序 R8mm φ10mm φ21mm φ28mmΦ20mm Φ16mm分度值为0.02,测量范围0-150游标卡尺(GB1214-85) 半精车 R8mm φ10mm 10°锥面 φ21mmφ28mm Φ20mm Φ16mm分度值为0.02,测量范围0-150游标卡尺精加工 φ20mm分度值为0.01外径百分尺3.6确定切削用量及基本时间(1)由于需加工单边余量仅为3.5mm ,可在多次走刀内确定,故=(35-28)/2=3.5mm(2)进给量f刀杆尺寸为160mm ×25mm,≧3mm ,工件直径为20-40mm 时f=0.3-0.5mm/r按C6210-1机床的进给量选择f=0.4mm/r(3)进给力Fmax=3520N=570-670MPa, ≧2mm, f≦0.75mm/r时,进给力故实际进给力为:(4)选择车刀磨锉标准及耐用度车刀后刀面最大磨损量取1mm,可转位车刀耐用度T=30mm(5)确定切削速度V当用YT15硬质合金车刀加工=600~700Mpa钢料,≦3mm,f≦0.75mm/r,切削速度v=109m/min。