2020托福真题
2020年11月8日托福考试真题回顾
2020年11月8日托福考试真题回顾（独立口语&写作+综合写作全是旧题）托福线下2020年11月8日的考场已结束，本次考试中的独立口语、独立写作以及综合写作部分出现旧题，对此很多小伙伴考的还是不错的，具体题目如何呢？我们一起回顾下：2020年11月8日托福写作真题独立写作：Young students have a lot of free time during the evenings after school or on days off school. Which of the following three activities do you think is the MOST beneficial option for young students (age 14-18) to do in their spare time?1.Gaining work experience by doing a part-time job or volunteering incommunities2. Learn a sport3. Learn a music instrument综合写作：城市举办大型竞技活动对城市好不好？阅读赞同：1、促进旅游等行业发展，会有更多钱流入2、免费为城市打广告3、新建设施还可以被本地人再利用。
听力反驳：1、由于主办方很多都是大型公司，举办完赚了钱也不会流进本地，另外旅客人数并没有变多，只是很多原本的旅客换成了看比赛的人。
2、城市广告效应有风险3、电费高昂，没有钱的话设备无法开启，只能闲置2020年11月8日托福口语真题T1家长应该阻止孩子去做那些几乎不可能成功的工作吗T2学校要安装太阳能板节约能源。
1、安装的位置在屋顶上,因为面积大吸收的能量多。
2、为了空出位置,要拆掉一些seat,因为平时也没人坐。
学生的观点是使用混合能源。
1、安装的位置确实不错,因为学校所在的地方阳光充足。
托福试题及答案2020
托福试题及答案20201. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料一1.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要讨论了城市化进程对环境的影响。
1.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了统计数据、专家意见和历史案例来支持他的观点。
B. 阅读材料二2.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要探讨了教育对于个人发展的重要性。
2.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了教育研究结果、个人经历和比较分析来支持他的观点。
2. 听力部分A. 听力材料一1.1. 问题一：讲座中教授提到了哪种类型的动物？答案：教授提到了迁徙鸟类。
1.2. 问题二：教授是如何解释这种动物的行为的？答案：教授通过观察和实验数据来解释这种动物的迁徙行为。
B. 听力材料二2.1. 问题一：对话中两位学生讨论了什么话题？答案：两位学生讨论了即将到来的期末考试。
2.2. 问题二：他们对这个话题的态度如何？答案：他们对这个话题感到紧张和焦虑。
3. 口语部分A. 口语任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你曾经遇到的挑战，并解释你是如何克服它的。
答案：我遇到的挑战是准备一个重要的演讲。
我通过多次练习和向老师寻求建议来克服它。
B. 口语任务二2.1. 问题一：你更喜欢在图书馆学习还是在咖啡馆学习？为什么？答案：我更喜欢在图书馆学习，因为它提供了一个安静和专注的环境。
4. 写作部分A. 写作任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你认为重要的社会问题，并提出解决方案。
答案：我认为环境污染是一个重要的社会问题。
解决方案包括提高公众意识和推动可持续能源的使用。
B. 写作任务二2.1. 问题一：你同意还是不同意以下观点：学校应该要求学生穿校服？给出你的理由。
答案：我同意这个观点，因为校服可以减少学生之间的社会压力，并促进学校精神。
2020年12月12日托福考试真题
2020年12月12日托福考试真题回顾托福2020年12月12日的线下考场已结束，整体来说难度一般，但也有不少考生反应作文和听力比较难，具体题目如何呢？我们一起来回顾下：2020年12月12日托福写作真题独立写作Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most problem affecting the society could be solved probably during your life time.综合写作一种恐龙圆顶坚硬部位的作用阅读：1.species recognition区分不同种类的恐龙2.head butting用于战斗3.用于吸引异性听力反驳：1.它不具有特殊性（它是普通的而不是唯一的）2.它比较脆弱，容易受伤，且具有年龄依赖性3.它的大小好看和性别无关和年龄有关2020年12月12日托福口语真题人们现在喜欢用微信等线上方式和朋友进行交流，你觉得应该及时回复朋友的消息吗？T2因为人少，所以考虑关闭沙滩上的瑜伽课，不过可以在体育馆继续上课。
但是女生不同意，体育馆太吵了，而且现在人少是因为课程太早。
T3团队教学的好处：1有不同的专业知识的老师。
举例子是生物法课程其中一个老师是法律的老师，一个是生物老师2有不同的教学方法，举例同样是生物法课程一个老师喜欢长篇的演讲，学生记笔记就行，另一个老师是让学生讨论。
T4evolution loss动物特征消失原因，举例一种昆虫一开始有翅膀，后来没翅膀，原因一开始在热带地区，需要翅膀在植物间和花之间觅食，后来移到了冰冷的地区了，没有竞争者之后，就不需要飞可以直接吃落叶，所以翅膀就消失了。
2020年12月12日托福听力真题C1id card拍照要去archive（没有id卡去不了因为明天之后那个地方关门装修）最后employee提出办法说可以用一个temporary cardC2音乐：录音带新音乐形式一个学生文学考试考的不好找老师，老师给了建议还说后面会学图画书C4一个男生写的是墨西哥电影的衰落，找老师延长ddl老师说可以建议提一下电影导演，男生说他找了西班牙语的资料，老师说很好，老师又建议男生在关于电影decline的pre里讲一些上下文，问了衰落的原因是电视的兴起对电影造成冲击，和政府资助减少C5宿舍的改造，老师觉得经费有限，但由于学生的劝说开始改口说可以考虑C6暑期实习的学生回来感谢事业官员的帮助，并讨论到学生哥哥也在他这里受到过帮助，和哥哥的现状L1音乐历史是介绍了电子音乐的一个作曲家，他的soundmass还有就是没有活页乐谱，只把曲子录下来来拉近作曲家和听众的距离L2一个河岸学校在很多艺术家聚集的地方，然后介绍了四幅画L3艺术历史也反映社会现实，举例西班牙和罗马石刻艺术的互相影响天文学，是爱因斯坦的相对论，星球引力引起弯曲的空间，然后这个特征可以用来测量天体距离和质量L5动物适应城市生活的方法，举例鸽子L6肌肉疲劳，一个限制理论另一个大脑控制的中央治理理论L7文学，讲故事和短篇小说2020年12月12日托福阅读真题R1欧洲语言R2动物habitat选择R3oil&suboil&地下水，地层三个layer分别的作用R4猴子和猿的模仿行为，猴子的是非故意的；猿学的重更快并且愿意跑很远R5农耕方式，在同一块土地上种很多种植物，除了玉米以外别的都要种在别的地方R6地球因为离太阳距离适中所以适合生命生存；木星的一颗卫星上有潮汐力提供能量所以这个卫星也适合有生命；另外海底的volcano vent也能提供能量R7瀑布对生物的影响R8在别人（正面和负面）在场的情况下，科学家实验看人的表现会不会有影响。
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题12月12日托福阅读第一篇主要内容：讲learning standard test set，就是如何测试不同种类动物的intelligence。
不同物种的智商不一样。
人们很想知道动物的智商和人类有什么不同，遇事通过动物学习水平来检测。
前三段都是讲的这个test是怎么操作的。
最先举的例子好像是猴子和什么，做的对比实验。
第一次让它从三角形和长方形里选，选三角形就给奖励，选正方形就不给;第二次从圆形和多边形里选，依旧是选圆形给奖励，选择多边形不给。
后面持续变化通过大量实验来看这种动物的improvements，就比如这种动物在实行第几十次测试时准确率增加了多少。
一种猴子经过了三十次测试准确率就达到百分之九十了，然后这个测试的结果表明智商高的动物大脑也大。
于是大家都觉得能够参考。
后面三段都在反驳这个方法不可取。
又举了一个澳大利亚的mouse like的动物的例子，同样做类似上面的实验，第一次区分ab第二次区分黑白。
这种动物大脑很小但是测试结果很高，是因为他们生活在wide open areas，很容易被捕食者发现，他们要避免天地还要抓很敏捷的昆虫做实物，所以这方面水平很强。
然后这里有个句子简化题，大意是说动物的process different，不能说明学习水平，也不能用之前的实验来测试。
然后还说了海豚虽然做这个实验成绩很低，但是如果把visual的图形换成auditory的声音就会很好，所欲这个实验不可取是因为首先实验produce中很小的difference都会造成result的很大不同，而且这些difference都是不可避免的。
其次，对某些动物不适用。
12月12日托福阅读第二篇主要内容：中世纪欧洲政府的变革。
宗教变得影响力越来越小，政府的管辖范围越来越大。
法国葡萄牙等一些国家创造了nation这个定义。
国家边界变得更清晰了。
荷兰和英国建立了parliament，具有立法权。
【托福写作】2020托福独立写作真题汇总
【托福写作】2020托福独立写作真题汇总对备考2020年托福写作考试的考生来说，2020年的托福写作真题在考前是非常有用的复习资料，所以今天为大家汇总了2020年部分托福独立写作的真题，大家可以作为参考。
2020托福独立写作真题1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Scientific discoveries should be shared around the world. Government should not keep it privately.2020托福独立写作真题2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students are more interested in politics than they were in the past.2020托福独立写作真题3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective in helping students in learning?2020托福独立写作真题4Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Some students have poor study habits when they enter university or college. All students should take required courses to develop good habits.2020托福独立写作真题5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The university will spend money on dormitory to improve the life quality of students, which of the following do you think is the best way?-providing a room for quiet study;-building an exercise room;-providing entertainment place (watch film).【托福写作】2020托福独立写作真题汇总相关文章：1.托福写作范文:托福独立写作题目与解析2.托福考试作文:20171209托福独立写作3.托福作文考试:20171118托福独立写作4.托福写作考试:20171210托福独立写作5.托福考试:20170826(下午)托福独立写作解析和范文6.2017年2月26日托福写作真题回顾资料7.托福写作模板思路:朋友学习问题求助8.托福写作:20171125托福独立写作9.托福考试范文:20171216托福独立写作10.托福写作:20170909托福独立写作解析与范文。
2020年11月15日托福考试真题回顾
2020年11月15日托福考试真题回顾托福线下2020年11月15日的考场结束，总体来说考试难度正常，但也有考生反应独立口语偏难，具体题目如何呢？我们一起回顾下：2020年11月15日托福写作真题独立写作group project 是prefer work independently 还是collaborating with them throughout the whole project综合写作讨论富兰克林风筝闪电实验真实性：阅读：1、实验电流太大了，做这个实验，必死无疑2、当时就有报纸质疑真实性3、现场没有证人听力：1、可以观察电线末端钥匙的变化提前做出预判2、富兰克林是很有名望的，不会随便杜撰3、之前被其他国家的科学家研究过，不需要证人2020年11月15日托福口语真题T1成绩好的话老师需不需要留很多作业。
T2校方宣布，举办商业竞赛，获奖者毕业后可获得基金用于创业。
同时，因为他们花费了时间和精力，他们也会获得荣誉。
听力班的女生们认为这是个完美的主意。
首先，他们可以得到一些财政支持。
即使金额不大，也会很有帮助。
因为毕业生没有财务记录，投资者很难借钱。
其次，他们还可以获得学分。
这样，他们就可以花更多的时间准备提案而不必参加课程。
T3心理学中的一个现象：积极和消极的思考比简单的积极思考更有效，因为它可以反过来克服实际的障碍。
例如，实验对象被分为两组，完成多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果。
第一组只考虑好处。
第二组也考虑到了困难。
比如，单位附近就没有卖水果和蔬菜。
两年后，第二组的大多数成员吃了更多的水果和蔬菜，但第一组的许多人恢复了原来的饮食模式。
T4How marine animals make use of floating objects.两种好处：One: they can travel. Example- oyster attached on coral reefs. Two: protection.举例：a species of fish on top of the seaweed2020年11月15日托福听力真题L1研究的是植物对气候变化的反应，无论是通过种子移动它们的栖息地还是通过改变遗传信息。
最新托福阅读真题2020
最新托福阅读真题2020托福阅读真题1__ 16The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the winged lizards. The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much moresuccessful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason —in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.(C) They connected the front and back limbs.(D) They required fingers of equal length.3. The word literally in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) creating(B) meaning(C) related to(D) simplified4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies(A) in the early Triassic period(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs(C) after the decline of pterosaurs(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those ofmodern machines(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils6. The word They in line 10 refers to(A) powerful muscles(B) bodies(C) jaws(D) flying reptiles7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably not skillful fliers (lines 10-11) because(A) of their limited wingspan(B) of their disproportionately large bodies(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs(B) an evolution from pterosaurs(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs9. The word classified in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) perfected(B) replaced(C) categorized(D) protected10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?(A) Its tail(B) Its teeth(C) The shape of its skull(D) Details of its bone structure11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.托福阅读真题2__ 17Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity tothe incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots'environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word They in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are coolerthan the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)托福阅读真题3__ 18During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States.But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff Céol lege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just asmuch of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in early American histories(B) The place of American women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtful(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word they in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author pointout?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likelyhave been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adams(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century great women EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to。
2020年10月25日托福写作真题及答案解析(新东方版)
2020年10月25日托福写作真题及答案解析（新东方版）综合写作独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the statement： The people in the past are more friendly than people today.Some will say that the past is unduly romanticized as a friendlier time-that people then couldn't have been much better-disposed than they are now. But I'm not so sure. There are a number of reasons why people may have been more genial back in the day.For one thing, people in the past interacted with each other in person more than we do today, and this naturally resulted in a comparatively higher level of friendliness. The reason people interacted more was because they had fewer technological distractions. Back then, it was both routine and enjoyable to shoot the breeze with others while waiting for a trolley or sitting on your front porch after work. Socializing face to face with complete strangers was commonplace. Nowadays, however, people have all sorts of devices like smart phones, e-readers, and iPods that draw them into their own private worlds even while out in public. While taking the subway to work, you'll rarely see two people strangers talking unless it's to yell at each other. More likely, they'll be totally absorbed by the miniature screens in front of them.For another thing, the pace of life today is much faster than it was in the past, and as a result, people today are much more hurried and much less friendly. Those living in modern society tend to have little patience for idle conversation, as they are always on their way to do something or see someone. The leisurely daily rhythms characterizingpast eras have been replaced by a frantic rush to accomplishas much as humanly possible. This has led to friendliness,and often even courtesy, taking a backseat to efficient and mechanical interactions.Granted, people today are also much more connected vianon-traditional mediums than they were in the past. Thanks to computers, the internet, and social networking services like Weibo and We-chat, people can keep in touch with each otherno matter where they are in the world. However, this type of connection is a poor substitute for face-to-face interaction and does not necessarily encourage friendliness. In fact, it may make us even colder towards others because we become accustomed to viewing people as remote, disembodied data. The shallow interactions facilitated by technology may actually deepen the divide between us rather than bring us closer together.People in the past moved through life at a more leisurely pace, and they didn't have the technological distractionsthat we have today. Though technology is often seen as a tool that connects people, it may in fact have the opposite effect. For these reasons, people in the past were probablyfriendlier than people today.。
“2020年托福独立口语真题汇总(更新至10.13)
2019.1.5If you and your friends have different opinions, will you still be friends?Do you agree or disagree? People should not interrupt others when they are giving opinions.Do you agree or disagree?The school is thinking about getting “the study hall” to fill in the schedule of the students. The study hall is the free class time for students to relax or study what they like.Which university would you choose?1. provide specialized courses from the beginning2. take the courses that including several fields at first and then choose your specialization.Do you agree or disagree? There is a policy that parents should not be allowed to see children’s grades without their permission.Do you agree or disagree? Children can have a pet at home.2019.3.3Do you agree or disagree? We should be completely honest and open to our close friends.2019.3.9Some people like to keep old things, while others don’t. which one do you prefer? It is better to praise children’ good behavior or criticize their bad behavior.some people think they should earn mathematics in school, while others think they should learn mathematics at work. Which one do you prefer?Do you agree or disagree? When you visit a new country, It is better to understand local culture and traditions.people in the past prefer board game or card game, while people nowadays prefer playing cellphones or computer games. which one do you prefer?some people like to make plans in advance when they decide to travel. While others prefer to make decisions when they are travelling. Which do you prefer? 2019.5.4Your university is going to give out a scholarship of $5,000. Who di you think should receive the scholarship? Students with high academic performance or students that need financial aids?Do you agree or disagree? Children can learn valuable things from playing video games.Which teacher’s courses would you like to take? A teacher who is humorous in class or serious in class.Do you agree or disagree? Schools should no longer ask students to do experiments, but show students the videos of experiments.Some people believe that humorous attitude is much better in solving conflicts; others believe in taking seriousness. Which do you prefer?2019.6.1Do you agree or disagree? Students in the first two years should live in dormitories on campus.Do you agree or disagree? Animals have rights as humans and should be treated like humans.If you have a misunderstanding with your friends, do you prefer talking it out in public place or in private place.Do you agree or disagree? Some people sell gifts their friends gave them or give them to others.Students should choose the courses by themselves or should take the courses chosen by their professors?Some people prefer doing difficult things first, while other people prefer doing easy things first. Which one do you prefer?Do you agree or disagree? celebrities are more competent to do charity because they are rich and powerful.Do you agree or disagree? Children should learn at an early age to be independent. Do you agree or disagree? Workers shouldn’t send private messages or emails during the working hours.A college of high academic level with high tuition and a college of low academiclevel with low tuition. Which one will you choose? Why?2019.9.7Do you agree or disagree? Historic sites should have preserved only for researchers and scientist, no access to the general public.Do you agree or disagree? the school is considering closing the computer lab because every student has a laptop.Some people prefer to communicate by talking face to face, while others prefer to communicate by sending email. Which way do you prefer and why?Some people prefer to stay in touch with their friends and family members while traveling. Others prefer not to get in touch and stay alone. Which do you prefer and why?Version1：Some people spend their vacation visiting just one place. Others preferto spend their vacation visiting several different places and spending a shorteramount o time in each. Which do you prefer and why?Version2：If you are going to travel to a new country for a week, do you prefer totravel to a major city in the country or to several different places?should we work in a company with high salary but very strict and controversial?Do you agree or disagree? Some people want to change their appearance, even by surgery.。
2020托福真题
题目：Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However,some people still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think isbetter? Explain why.答案： I think learningin traditional classrooms is better. The reason why I thinkso is that there are more interactions in traditional classrooms than in online courses. Students can have discussions and they see each other face to face. It ’s highly probable that some of them will become friends. While in the online courses, students don’t know each other, they miss a chance of making friends.Also, in a traditional classroom, if a student doesn ’t understand a concept or an idea, he or she can raise handtoask the teacher directly. While in an online course,there is no chance for students to raise hands or to throw out questions immediately. Students in traditional classrooms not only learn the academic knowledge but also learn basic interpersonal interactions. I prefer to take academic courses on the Internet. Since the courses are offered online, I don ’t have to live near campus. (略)题目： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Private car should not be allowed in the city centers of large cities.Use details and examples to explain your opinion.答案：Although some people might say that banningprivate cars in downtownarea would be a great solution for busy traffic in big cities, I don' t think it sounds so great because it would be really inconvenient under situations when people do needto drive. For example, if emergencies happen andwe needto drive someoneto the hospital, or if some day I' m almost late for work and don' t have enoughtime totake public transportation. Also, when we' re movingfromplace toplace, itwould be nearly impossible to take public transportation. (略)A large, swift streamor river can carry all sizes of particles, fromclay toboulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases andthe streamdeposits the largest particles in the streambed. If currentvelocity continues to decrease—as a flood wanes,for example—finer particles settle out on top of the large ones. Thus, a stream sorts its sediment according to size. A waning flood might deposit a layer of gravel, overlain by sand and finallytopped by silt and clay. Streams also sort sediment in the downstream direction.Many mountain streams are choked with boulders and cobbles, but far downstream, their deltas are composed mainly of fine silt and clay. This downstream sorting is curious because stream velocity generally increases in the downstream direction. Competence increases with velocity, so a river should beable to transport larger particles than its tributaries carry. One explanation for downstreamsortingis that abrasion wears away the boulders andcobbles to sandand silt as the sediment moves downstream over the years.Thus,only the fine sediment reaches the lower parts of most rivers.题目 1：The word "curious" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. strangeB. rapidC.seasonalD. essential答案： A题目 2：According to paragraph 1, the competence of a stream increases asA.downstream sorting decreasesB.flooding wanesC.the speed of the current increasesD.the size of particles increases答案： C题目 3：Accordingtoparagraph 1, all of the followingare true of streamsorting EXCEPTA.Most of the particles in mountain streams pile up behind boulders and cobbles.B.When particles of different sizes settle in a place, the smaller ones sit atopthe larger ones.C.There are generally more large particles upstream than downstream in a river.D.In some situations, downstreamparticles are createdfromrocks that erodedas they traveled downstream.答案： APollen, a powdery substance, which is produced by flowering plantsand contains male reproductive cells, is usually carried from plant to plant by insects or birds, but some plants rely on the wind to carry their pollen. Wind pollination is often seen as being primitive and wasteful in costly pollen and yet it is surprisingly common, especially in higher latitudes. Windis very goodat movingpollen a long way; pollen can be blown for hundreds of kilometers, and only birds can get pollen anywhere near as far. The drawback is that wind is obviously unspecific as to where it takes the pollen. It is like trying to get a letter to a friend at the other endof the village by climbingontothe roof andthrowingan armful ofletters into the air and hoping that one will end up in the friend's garden. For the relatively few dominant tree species that make up temperate forests, where there are many individuals of the same species within pollen range, this is quite a safegamble. If a number of people in the village were throwing letters off roofs, yourfriend would be bound to get one.By contrast,in the tropics,where each tree species has few, widely scatteredindividuals, the chance of windblowingpollen toanother individual is sufficiently slim that animals are a safer bet as transporters of pollen.Even tall trees in the tropics are usually not windpollinateddespite beinginwindy conditions. In a similar way, trees in temperate forests that are insect pollinated tend to grow as solitary, widely spread individuals.题目 1：The word "drawback" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA. other side of the issueB.objectionC.concernD.problem答案： D题目 2：Which of the followingcan be inferredfromparagraph 1 about pollen production?A. Pollen production requires a significant investment of energy and resources on the part of the plant.B. The capacity to produce pollen in large quantities is a recent development in the evolutionary history of plants.C. Plants in the tropics generally produce more pollen than those in temperatezones.D. The highest levels of pollen production are found in plants that depend on insects or birds to carry their pollen.答案： A题目： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.答案： We have all experienced a moment when we have to decide whether to tell the truth or not. Though sometimes it seems as if that it would be a good idea to tell a lie for the sake of love, safety, friendship etc., honesty is always the bestpolicy in any relationship between people.Any relationship is based on honesty. Without honesty, no trust could ever be gained from others,moreover,any further development of relationship would be out of the question. Dishonesty begins when one needs to hide the truth or conceal some terrible secret from others. Needless to say, the truth or secret is normally shocking or hurting. As no secrets remain unknown to people forever, it turns out to be a severe blow to the trust between people involved. Without trust, how could a relationship live on? Personally, I would not believe someone I careabout anymore if he/she lied to mejust because he did not believe that I wouldforgive him/her in spite of something terrible. As a matter of fact, I would ratherface the harsh reality than have my trust failed by a loved one.Although there are still other virtues such as diligence, generosity, compassionetc., a person may possess, being honest or not is a concern that matters mostwhen it comes to relationships. Much as one may take pride in his/her smartness, he/she will get his/her reputation ruined once caught being dishonest. For instance, I hada friendwhowas sosmart that he was always the first towork out adifficult question in class. He had told me that he would never hear of the teacher or preview lessons.(略)题目： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.答案： In modern society, people have paid great attention to the growth of children. There is a controversy over whether parents shouldencourage children totake part-timejobs or not. The answers vary fromone person toanother. Frommypoint of view, I think that encouragingchildren totake part-timejobs is one of thebest ways for parents to help their teenage children prepare for adult life.In the first place, children can learn to be self-disciplined at work. It cannot be deniedthat when you work as an employee, you must follow the workingschedule.It means that every day you have to come to work on time. For example, if yourwork starts at 8 a.m., you will have to arrive at your company by that time, eventhough you have drunk a little more than was good for you at a party the nightbefore andsuffer froma hangover. Andif you work for a restaurant or a store, youwill learn how to serve customers in a friendly manner. Some customers are very fastidious. If you are not friendly and patient, the restaurant or store will lose business and you will lose your job.Second, through part-timejobs, children can learn the value of money. It is apparent that children often get money from their parents, but they do not realize how hard their parents work for money. When children work, they will begin to appreciate how difficult it can be to make money. Knowing that it takes a lot oftime and efforts to make money, children will make wiser choice when buying some things with their own money.Also,when children spend their money for personal objects, they will appreciate them more than if they had got money from their parents.L ast but not least, children practice skills in teamwork when they work as a member of a team. There are many positions requiring employees to cooperate in a teamnow. ( 略)。
2020年12月6日托福考试真题回顾
2020年12月6日托福考试真题回顾托福线下2020年12月6日的考场结束，这次考试听力少有地出现了mixed feeling题目，具体题型如何呢？我们一起回顾下：2020年12月6日托福写作真题独立写作The government now plans to establish some car-free zones in the center of the city. Some like this plan for they believe it can help eliminate traffic congestion, while others dislike it because not being able to reach places like stores and restaurants by car is very inconvenient to them. What do you think of this plan and why?综合写作阅读：re-manufacturing的三个优点好处1：提高利润好处2：提供就业机会好处3：能够保护环境听力反对：观点1：利润不能提高，因为大多人认为re-manufacturing不是和新产品一样好，所以需要降低价格，因为利润降低。
观点2：这份工作需要complex skills，因为需要clean，test the engine，所以那些只有regular skills的人不能做，因此不能提供很多就业机会。
观点3：并不能保护环境，因为生产新车更加fuel efficient，相反旧的，例如一辆5年的汽车，更可能会造成污染。
新车就不会这样。
2020年12月6日托福口语真题T1Some people think college students should learn specific courses like teaching or engineering.Others think they should learn general courses.Which do you prefer？T2阅读：学校的president为了多跟同学们交流关于学校的意见，决定开office hour，为了跟更多同学交流每个人每次10分钟听力：男生是mixed feeling原因1：觉得office hour这个方式很不错原因2：又觉得10分钟太短不能深入交流，应该延长到1小时T3Hope Appeal，给顾客看他们想要但是不太可能真的得到的东西听力举了教授朋友的例子，说电视上卖健身器材，Focus on一个身材特别好的人，他朋友也变成这样于是就买了，结果他朋友因为太忙，用了这个健身器材也没变成那样昆虫会保护后代的两种情况情况1：环境恶劣情况2：食物短缺2020年12月6日托福听力真题C1一个女生三月份违规骑车然后九月份去领，学校安全部门的人说车已经没了，如果情况比较好的话可能捐给慈善机构了C2教授要Computer Science学生参与一个活动，学生没有时间参加，但是愿意帮助搞一个在线网站C3学生有免费票，但是没有注册所以失效了。
2020年12月20日托福考试真题回顾
2020年12月20日托福考试真题回顾托福线下2020年12月20日的考场结束，遗憾的是，本次考试是20年最后一次考试了，不知道各位小伙伴考的如何呢？我们一起回顾下12月20如的托福考试真题：2020年12月20日托福写作真题独立写作Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The only effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity.综合写作英国巨石阵的石头是如何运过去的？阅读：1.船运2.wooden roll3.冰川听力反驳：1.石头很难运到海边2.石头太沉了轮子转不动3.glacier搬运的石头来源不同2020年12月20日托福口语真题T1When professor is considering assign research to the students，they should assign a specific research topic or let students to decide the research topic？T2阅读：学校准备提供一个冷门社团的online link学生：赞同观点1：学生可以找到他所需要的信息，很方便观点2：学生可以发现他们不知道的club，感兴趣就可以直接加入T3Maturation effect，指的是在实验中实验对象自身的成长有可能影响到实验数据的准确性。
4城市化动物数量减少，但小动物数量增加的两个原因原因一：它们吃各种各样的食物，包括垃圾桶里的食物原因二：城市环境与他们原来的居住环境相似2020年12月20日托福听力真题advisor和学生讨论一个教小孩子的programC2学生和老师讨论一个关于艺术鉴赏的projectC3老师和学生一起讨论学生的画作里为什么有裂缝C4一个男生邀请一个女生主持另一个志愿项目，女生同意了，但她不大会操作设备，男生让她别担心。
2020年11月21日托福考试真题回顾
2020年11月21日托福考试真题回顾托福线下2020年11月21日考试已结束，此次考试很多小伙伴发挥还算比较正常，接下来我们一起回顾下2020年11月21日托福考试真题：2020年11月21日托福写作真题独立写作Nowadays, many movies or films are based on books. Some people prefer to read the original book before they watch the movie, other prefer to watch the movie before reading the book. Which one do you prefer?综合写作亚洲一种鱼入侵湖泊破坏原生态系统阅读：1建墙，增加障碍2.使用带电设备，electric device拦住从而能防止鱼过去3.毒杀所有鱼，然后再引进当地鱼听力反驳：1.这附近有工厂需要水上运输货物，如果有墙的话不利于运输，且增加成本。
2.这种方法有人试过，但只能防止大部分，如果有一些鱼通过电网，它们会迅速繁殖。
3.很危险而且没人能保证在大湖里鱼会都被毒死。
2020年11月21日托福口语真题T1在课堂上穿插小游戏对于学习是不是一个好主意?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is a good idea to use educational games in class.T2一开始是学校给商业专业的学生组织比赛，女生表示赞同。
随后谈到了电脑教室应该移除一些没用的电脑，因为学生没有空间放东西，且学生少，有些电脑不会用到。
但男生表示反对，学生每次来电脑教室只需要几本书，有足够空间放东西，且学生只是早上少，晚上会人很多，所以不应该移除空余电脑。
T3人们偏向记住年轻时候发生的事情，教授拿学校里的一个研究做例子，给人三个东西，猫、自行车还有一个，让人们看到这个物品的第一个反应的的故事，大部分反应的是小时候的故事，还举了一个50岁lady的例子，给她看猫的时候，虽然养过很多猫，但印象最深的还是第一只年轻时候养的猫。
托福阅读真题2020
托福阅读真题2020托福阅读真题1PASSAGE 10One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates —including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, animportant function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food —meat and marrow —from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices(B) The creation of stone hunting tools(C) Social interactions at home bases(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses2. According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat(C) an indication of social unity(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits3. The word consumed in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) prepared(B) stored(C) distributed(D) eaten4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of oldstone tools in order to(A) protect the old tools from being worn out(B) display examples of the old tools in museums(C) test theories about how old tools were used(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which earlystone tools were used EXCEPT to(A) build home bases(B) obtain food(C) make weapons(D) shape wood6. The word innovative in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) good(B) new(C) simple(D) costly7. The word them in line 15 refers to(A) issues(B) researchers(C) tools(D) specimens8. The author mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of(A) decorations cut into wooden objects(B) differences among tools made of various substances(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones(D) indications of wear on stone tools9. The word extract in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) identify(B) remove(C) destroy(D) compare10. The word whether in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) if(B) how(C) why(D) when托福阅读真题2PASSAGE 11Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Otherpossible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die —after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms(C) How plant defense mechanisms function(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ2. The phrase subject to in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by3. The word puncture in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover .4. The word which in line 12 refers to(A) tissues(B) substances(C) barriers(D) insects5. Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic tothe Colorado beetle?(A) resins(B) tannins(C) glycosides(D) alkaloids6. Why does the author mention glycoproteins in line 17?(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals(B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants(C) to illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense7. The word dramatic in line 23 could best be replaced by(A) striking(B) accurate(C) consistent(D) appealing8. Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?(A) Lines 1-3(B) Lines 4-6(C) Lines 13-15(D) Lines 24-279. The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on(A) the basis of passive plant defense(B) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship.(C) how plants produce toxic chemicals(D) the principles of the hypersensitive response.托福阅读真题3PASSAGE 12Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls,followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Its defensive behavior(B) It interactions with other gull species(C) Its nesting habits(D) Its physical difference from other gull species2. The word rear in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) visit(B) watch(C) reverse(D) raise3. The word scale in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) climb(B) avoid(C) approach(D) measure4. The word immunity in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) distance(B) transition(C) protection(D) reminder5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.(C) The kittiwakes' eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal theirnest?(A) Bonaparte's gulls(B) Atlantic puffins(C) Kittiwake gulls(D) Northern gannets8. The word it in line 17 refers to(A) location(B) edge(C) nest(D) practice9. The word conspicuous in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) disordered(B) suspicious(C) noticeable(D) appealing10. The phrase On the other hand in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) however(C) for example(D) by no means。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
TOEFLSpeaking题目：Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, some people still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better? Explain why.答案：I think learning in traditional classrooms is better. The reason why I think so is that there are more interactions in traditional classrooms than in online courses. Students can have discussions and they see each other face to face. It’s highly probable that some of them will become friends. While in the online courses, students don’t know each other, they miss a chance of making friends. Also, in a traditional classroom, if a student doesn’t understand a concept or an idea, he or she can raise hand to ask the teacher directly. While in an online course, there is no chance for students to raise hands or to throw out questions immediately. Students in traditional classrooms not only learn the academic knowledge but also learn basic interpersonal interactions.I prefer to take academic courses on the Internet. Since the courses are offered online, I don’t have to live near campus. （略）题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Private car should not be allowed in the city centers of large cities.Use details and examples to explain your opinion.答案：Although some people might say that banning private cars in downtown area would be a great solution for busy traffic in big cities, I don' t think it sounds so great because it would be really inconvenient under situations when people do need to drive. For example, if emergencies happen and we need to drive someone to the hospital, or if some day I' m almost late for work and don' t have enough time to take public transportation. Also, when we' re moving from place to place, it would be nearly impossible to take public transportation. （略）Reading段落1：A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease—as a flood wanes, for example—finer particles settle out on top of the large ones. Thus, a stream sorts its sediment according to size. A waning flood might deposit a layer of gravel, overlain by sand and finally topped by silt and clay. Streams also sort sediment in the downstream direction. Many mountain streams are choked with boulders and cobbles, but far downstream, their deltas are composed mainly of fine silt and clay. This downstream sorting is curious because stream velocity generally increases in the downstream direction. Competence increases with velocity, so a river should be able to transport larger particles than its tributaries carry. One explanation for downstream sorting is that abrasion wears away the boulders and cobbles to sand and silt as thesediment moves downstream over the years. Thus, only the fine sediment reaches the lower parts of most rivers.题目1：The word "curious" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.strangeB. rapidC.seasonalD. essential答案：A题目2：According to paragraph 1, the competence of a stream increases asA.downstream sorting decreasesB.flooding wanesC.the speed of the current increasesD.the size of particles increases答案：C题目3：According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of stream sorting EXCEPTA.Most of the particles in mountain streams pile up behind boulders and cobbles.B.When particles of different sizes settle in a place, the smaller ones sit atop the larger ones.C.There are generally more large particles upstream than downstream in a river.D.In some situations, downstream particles are created from rocks that eroded as they traveled downstream.答案：A段落1：Pollen, a powdery substance, which is produced by flowering plants and contains male reproductive cells, is usually carried from plant to plant by insects or birds, but some plants rely on the wind to carry their pollen. Wind pollination is often seen as being primitive and wasteful in costly pollen and yet it is surprisingly common, especially in higher latitudes. Wind is very good at moving pollen a long way; pollen can be blown for hundreds of kilometers, and only birds can get pollen anywhere near as far. The drawback is that wind is obviously unspecific as to where it takes the pollen. It is like trying to get a letter to a friend at the other end of the village by climbing onto the roof and throwing an armful of letters into the air and hoping that one will end up in the friend's garden. For the relatively few dominant tree species that make up temperate forests, where there are many individuals of the same species within pollen range, this is quite a safe gamble. If a number of people in the village were throwing letters off roofs, your friend would be bound to get one. By contrast, in the tropics, where each tree species has few, widely scattered individuals, the chance of wind blowing pollen to another individual is sufficiently slim that animals are a safer bet as transporters of pollen. Even tall trees in the tropics are usually not wind pollinated despite being in windy conditions. In a similar way, trees in temperate forests that are insect pollinated tend to grow as solitary, widely spread individuals.题目1：The word "drawback" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.other side of the issueB.objectionC.concernD.problem答案：D题目2：Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about pollen production?A.Pollen production requires a significant investment of energy and resources on the part of the plant.B.The capacity to produce pollen in large quantities is a recent development in the evolutionary history of plants.C.Plants in the tropics generally produce more pollen than those in temperate zones.D.The highest levels of pollen production are found in plants that depend on insects or birds to carry their pollen.答案：AWriting题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.答案：We have all experienced a moment when we have to decide whether to tell the truth or not. Though sometimes it seems as if that it would be a good idea to tell a lie for the sake of love, safety, friendship etc., honesty is always the best policy in any relationship between people.Any relationship is based on honesty. Without honesty, no trust could ever be gained from others, moreover, any further development of relationship would be out of the question. Dishonesty begins when one needs to hide the truth or conceal some terrible secret from others. Needless to say, the truth or secret is normally shocking or hurting. As no secrets remain unknown to people forever, it turns out to be a severe blow to the trust between people involved. Without trust, how could a relationship live on? Personally, I would not believe someone I care about anymore if he/she lied to me just because he did not believe that I would forgive him/her in spite of something terrible. As a matter of fact, I would rather face the harsh reality than have my trust failed by a loved one.Although there are still other virtues such as diligence, generosity, compassion etc., a person may possess, being honest or not is a concern that matters most when it comes to relationships. Much as one may take pride in his/her smartness, he/she will get his/her reputation ruined once caught being dishonest. For instance, I had a friend who was so smart that he was always the first to work out a difficult question in class. He had told me that he would never hear of the teacher or preview lessons.（略）题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.答案：In modern society, people have paid great attention to the growth of children. There is a controversy over whether parents should encourage children to take part-time jobs or not. The answers vary from one person to another. From my point of view, I think that encouraging children to take part-time jobs is one of the best ways for parents to help their teenage children prepare for adult life.In the first place, children can learn to be self-disciplined at work. It cannot be denied that when you work as an employee, you must follow the working schedule. It means that every day you have to come to work on time. For example, if your work starts at 8 a.m., you will have to arrive at your company by that time, even though you have drunk a little more than was good for you at a party the night before and suffer from a hangover. And if you work for a restaurant or a store, you will learn how to serve customers in a friendly manner. Some customers are very fastidious. If you are not friendly and patient, the restaurant or store will lose business and you will lose your job.Second, through part-time jobs, children can learn the value of money. It is apparent that children often get money from their parents, but they do not realize how hard their parents work for money. When children work, they will begin to appreciate how difficult it can be to make money. Knowing that it takes a lot of time and efforts to make money, children will make wiser choice when buying some things with their own money. Also, when children spend their money for personal objects, they will appreciate them more than if they had got money from their parents.Last but not least, children practice skills in teamwork when they work as a member of a team. There are many positions requiring employees to cooperate in a team now. （略）。