并列句和复合句

并列句和复合句

课标要求及命题趋势

句子的基本结构有三个：简单句,并列句,复合句.简单句已在上一讲中讲过.本讲我们主要说后两者.由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词and, but, for, so, or等或分号连在一起构成的句子,叫并列句.而由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫复合句.句子是考试的热点.特别是复合句更是必考内容.所以在学习时,要注意区别与联系.

一网打尽

并列句及并列连词

知识点复合句

主谓一致

指点迷津

由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主从连词。

并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, either…or,neither…nor, not only…but(also).

主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。

并列句中的前后两句能够根据意思或分为四种关系。

（1）同等关系and/not only…but also/nei ther…nor,用连词and, not only…but also, neither…nor或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。

如：He could neither read nor write

He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.

（2）转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still, while, when 连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。

如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there).

There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.

（3）选择关系or, either…or.

用连词or, either…or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。

如：Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough

（4）因果关系for, so.

用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。

如：He hurried, for it was getting dark.

He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him

二复合句

复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。

从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。

1.主语从句

用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也能够作分词的主语。

(1)由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。

如：What she likes is watching the children play

Whatever you have heard must be kept secret

Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed

(2)that引导

It is tight that you told him the truth

(3) 由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。

如：Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery

Whether we can help you is a difficult question

When the meeting will be held has not been decided （4）主语从句后移

主语从句虽然能够放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句放到句子后边。

如：It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not

It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong

2. 表语从句

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho等

连接词引导。

(1)if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though,

lest引导表语从句。

如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others.

It looks as if it’s going to rain

(2)what, which, who等连接代词。

如：That is what I want to tell you

The question is which of the classes we choose to be the

excellent one

（3）how, when, where, why等连接副词。

如：The question is how we can help him

That is why he has been late

三主谓一致

英语句子由主语谓语组成。谓语包括谓语动词、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语等成分。其中谓语动词是其核心，谓语动词在人称和数上要跟主语保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则：

(1)语法一致原则，即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。

如：He is from Beijing

We are sure it will rain

(2)概念上一致，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表达的概念。

如：His family are well

Both Father and Mother agree with me

(3)邻近一致原则，即谓语动词的数与前面紧邻的词保持一致。

如：There is a pen and some pencils in the box.

Neither he nor I am here

1)人称、数的一致。如：

I am a student

You ate a student/students

He is Sack