初中英语阅读理解精讲精练之推理判断题

第三节推理判断题

一、推理判断题出题方式

【设题类型】

1. 细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。

2. 归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。【设问形式】

1. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph?

2. What can we infer from the last sentence?

3. What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story?

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.

5. We can infer from the passage that __________.

6. From this passage, we can infer that __________.

7. From the passage, we know that __________.

8. The writer believes that ___________.

二、4招巧解推理判断题

第1招：根据题干中的关键词在原文中定位

某些推理判断题往往也针对文中的事实或细节而设置，因此也可以根据题干中的人物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确的推理和判断。

●示例1

The man left with no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do with only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He repeated the operation three times, and started to go early every day, and returned home late. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles (运货车队). Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers (零售商) in the US.

49. Why could the man become one of the biggest food retailers in the US?

A. Because he had many friends to help him.

B. Because he was smart and worked very hard.

C. Because he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles.

D. Because he wanted to show Microsoft he was living.

第2招：不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案

推理判断题的答案，是根据文中的细节或局部内容推理得出的，是文中细节内容隐含的深层次含义，因此不可能在原文中直接找到对应的陈述。

●示例2

So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents don’t call every hospital in

the phone book looking for your body. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.

2. The writer thinks ______________.

A. it’s wrong of parents to worry about their children too much

B. some parents are unfriendly, which makes their children angry

C. children should do everything as their parents say

D. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them

第3招：要有全局观念，理清上下文的逻辑关系。

有些推理判断题，虽然是针对文中的某项细节而设，但往往并不能直接从该细节中得出答案，而需要结合细节前后的内容甚至细节所在的段落内容综合推断出，因此，在解答这类题时，不要只是根据只言片语推出答案，而是要充分结合上下文。

●示例3 （2009北京C）

You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.

57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ____________.

A. it’s difficult to change a stressful situation

B. it’s not stressful when a good change takes place

C. a big change will cause another stressful situation

D. a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort

●示例4

The baby eagle（鹰）fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do you abandon me? He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasn’t moving to the ground any more. Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.

“You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.

50. We can infer from the story that ____________.

A. the baby eagle lost his mother

B. the baby eagle felt down and died

C. the baby eagle could get food himself

D. the baby eagle was still angry with his mother

第4招：根据主旨大意进行归纳、推理、判断

●示例5

As we drove from the station in the car, she began telling me a story. A few days earlier, her brother had run out of gas. A good man picked him up, took him to a service station and then back to his car. “I’m must passing the favor(善行) along,” she said.