句子成分词性

英语句子成分讲解

动词的种类：

实义动词：I. 及物动词+宾语/双宾/复合宾语

(give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return)

(make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear)

II.不及物动词:1. horses run fast.

2. boys fly kites. Birds can fly.

3.动词+介词look at listen to动词+副词turn off pick up

动词+副词+介词go on with, get along well

动词+名词+介词pay attention to, make good use of

be +形容词+介词be proud of, be satisfied with

III. 延续性动词live,stay,studywork,keep,teach

非延续性动词buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch

系动词：1.be 2.似乎类apper,seem 3.感觉类feel,smell,look,sound,taste

4.变成类t urn,become,go,make,get

5.保持类stay,keep

助动词：be+doing/done

Have+done/been doing

Do(does,did)疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强语气、代替前面出现的动词

Will,shall,would,should将来时

情态动词：may,can,must,might,could等

一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词）

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（形式主语）

二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

一般可分为两类：

1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）

Seventy-four! You don’t look it.（代词）

Five and five is ten. （数词）

He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词）

The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ”（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

Her voice sounds sweet.

Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

The door remains open.

三、宾语：

1）动作的承受者——动宾

I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）

I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾

Are you afraid of the snake?

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词）

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）

We will make them happy. （形容词）

We found nobody in. (副词)

Please make yourself at home. (介词短语）

Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）