最新人教版八年级下册英语考点动词不定式讲解及练习有答案)

动词不定式

一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。

二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。

1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。

To go in for sports helps you stay fit.

It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.

注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示评价的形容词。例：It’s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语)

2、表语：Our duty is to protect the environment.

3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

例：Would you like to see my photos?

Kevin planned to visit his uncle.

和plan用法一样的词还有：start, want, agree, hope, begin,

decide等。

I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语)

4、宾语补足语：

(1) 在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。

例：I asked a friend to read it to me. (book4，L2)

(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, help等) 后不带to。

例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.

5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

例：I have something important to say.

6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。

例：We are very glad to meet you again.

7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。

例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.

8、“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where,

when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

例：He didn’t tell me where to go.

不定式综合练习：

一．用动词的适当形式填空（包括时态和动词的非谓语形式）

1、Joe Hill wrote songs_______(keep) up the workers' struggle.

2、His brother told me he enjoyed_______(play) football very much.

3、Stop ______(talk), you will hear something strange.

4、Don't make him_______(climb) the tree.

5、This year they are going __________(put) up a new theatre (戏院).

6、These books can't___ __(return) to you, because I __ _(not finish)_______(read) them.

7、Father asked his son_______(not play) with fire.

8、The students were asked __________(take) out a piece of paper and write down the

sentences on the blackboard.

9、After having a rest , he went on ______(do) his homework.

10、It's time for you __________(empty) the dustbin.

11、A lot of information __________(put) into the computer yesterday .

12、It's important ___________(do) morning exercises every day.

13、To a doctor the most important thing is_________(save) lives.

14、The boss made us_________(work) more than ten hours

a day.

15、The professor had a strange way of________(make) his lessons lively and interesting.

16、(put)_______on your coat and be careful ___________(not catch) a cold.

17、I am sorry _______(keep) you________(wait) so long.

18、How ________(get) to the science museum is a question.

19、It takes me half an hour__________(go) to school on foot.

20、She was never heard ___________(sing) so well before.

21、She often does__________(shop) in the evening.

22、They stopped________(listen) to her songs because they were fond of _______(sing).