李观仪新编英语教程第五册unit 8 why nothing works
新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考
Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
新编英语教程 第五册教案 PPT1-10单元
Unit OneTEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head(恰到好处；一语中的）•III. Library Work•1. 1) Gustave Flaubert (1821 –1880), French novelist, was associated with, though not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of 19th-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.•1. 2) Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals(1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. ―As headstrong（不受管束的）as an allegory（比方；寓言）(alligator) on the banks of the Nile‖ is one of her grotesque（荒唐的）misapplications. She also requests that no delusions（欺骗;迷惑）(allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism（用词错误，尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词）as a name for such mistakes. •2. Hindi（印地语）is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili（斯瓦希里语）is a Bantu（班图) language that is a trade and governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa.•IV. Organization of the Text•1. An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words (Paragraph 1)•2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2 --- 3)•3. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4 --- 7) •(1). Example 1 (human vs. humane) (Paragraph 4)•(2). Example 2 (anxiety vs. eagerness) (Paragraph 5)•(3). Example 3 (singularity vs. singleness) (Paragraphs 6 – 7)•4. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8) •Examples: imprison, contain, sum up, epitomize and distill•5. Stylistic differences between synonyms (Paragraph 9)•Examples: in my childhood vs. when I was a child; love to watch vs. love watching; die vs. expire; poor vs. in indigent circum-stances•6. The abundance of specific words in English for general notions (Paragraph 10)•7. Conclusion (Paragraph 11): the importance of a good control and command over known words (A good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head. )•V. Key Points of the Text•Paragraph 1•knock over: hit … to fall 捶翻•drive something home: force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误•E.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。
Unit李观仪新编英语教程第三第五册
➢ you me you me. 彼此彼此
❖
Warm-up questions
1. Does the title strike you as a bit unusual?
2. Have you ever heard of the English proverb “Hit the nail on the head”? What does it mean?
Denotative meaning
❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]---- man ❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT –MALE]---- women ❖ [+HUMAN –ADULT +FEMAL]---- girl ❖ Boy ----[+HUMAN –ADULT +MALE] ❖ Bull ----[–HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]
3. Whose job involves hitting nails? Is the text concerned about the carpenter? Then, what’s the major concern of the author? （ stylistic matter, how to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language ）
❖ (The author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing.)
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1_15)
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
(完整word版)新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译.docx
Unit 1恰到好处你一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上子？只他左敲敲，右敲敲，不准会将整个子翻，果敲来敲去到来只敲了半截。
而熟的木匠就不么干。
他每敲一下都会巧妙地正着落下去，一到底。
言也是如此。
一位秀的家造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的点。
差不多的，不准确的短，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修，都无法使一位追求真英的作家意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的。
法国人有一个很切的短来表达一个意思，即“ le mot juste”, 恰到好的。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人事，比如福楼拜常花几天的力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无。
在浩瀚的海中，与之有着微妙的区，要找到能恰如其分表达我意思的非易事。
不是扎的言功底和相当大的量的，需要人尽汁，要察敏。
是程的一个步，也是描述我的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和者深刻理解的一个。
有人：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？” 听起来似乎很离，但它确很有道理。
找恰如其分的的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个，我就会感到很欣慰：辛得到了回。
准确地用言有助于我深入了解我描述的事物。
例如，当有人你：“某某是怎么的人？”你回答：“恩，我想他是个不的家伙，但他非常⋯⋯”接着你犹豫了，找到一个或短来明他到底在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短的候，你自己他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
一些英根相同而意却截然不同。
例如human 和 humane, 二者的根相同，也相关，但用法完全不同。
“human action (人行 ) ”和“ humane action( 人道行 ) ”完全是两事。
我不能“人道力宣言”，而是“人宣言”。
有一种屠工具叫“ humane killer (麻醉屠宰机 ) ，而不是 human killer (人机器 ) 。
言中的坏手的例子在我身随可。
有人邀一名学生去吃，他写信予回复。
看他的信是尾的：“我将很高赴并不安（anxiety）期待着那个日子的到来。
”“ Anxiety ”含有和恐惧的意味。
练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5第三版
练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5第三版第一篇：练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5 第三版Unit One1.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。
(drive sth.home)After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.2.差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。
(more or less)It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3.他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。
(subtle)What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。
(squarely)His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5.今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。
(be alive to)The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.6.外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。
(a matter of)It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.7.在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。
新编英语教程第五册Unit 8(有备注)
Much
of human existence consists of efforts [aimed at (making sure that <things don‟t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after their manufacture.>)]
What
role does Murphy‟s law play in this article?
Main The
idea
author raises the topic of shoddy goods problem by referring to Murphy‟s law and the inference from it, thus leading to the argument of whether technology or human input plays a decisive role in quality control.
savant:
a person having great knowledge of some subject 专家，学者，博学之士
corollary:
an idea, an argument, or a fact that naturally follows something else 必然的结果， 自然的结果
The
original Murphy„s law reads: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe (大灾难), then someone will do it.
李观仪《新编英语教程》第5册 UNIT8
2. forestall v [T] to prevent or defeat sb. by acting first e.g. The police forestalled the burglar’s attempt to break into the jeweller’s. Gero urged reforms in order to forestall trouble. 杰 罗督促进行改革以防止出现麻烦. Labour and management agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby forestalling a strike.
Eskimo skin boat
A Mongoloid people who live in the Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America and Northeastern Asia. They are found in Alaska, Northern Canada, Greenland, and northeastern Siberia. The Eskimo skin boat is a one-man skin canoe and is called a kayak. Traditionally, nearly all parts of animals killed by the Eskimo were used. Eskimo clothing was made from skins of birds and animals (seal, caribou(北美驯鹿), and polar bear). Sewn with sinew thread and bone needles, hooded jackets, pants, and waterproof boots were well adapted to cold and wet climatic conditions. Skins were also processed into tents and boats, and bones were made into weapons.
新编英语教程第五册课后练习试题答案解析
新编英语教程第五册课后练习题答案Answers to the exercises in Unit 1II. Paraphrase1.A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use isa process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings.3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located.4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand our subject matter.III. Translate1.After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4. His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.6. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.7. Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.8. Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet.Language WorkIII.1. clumsy-unskillful2. deft-skilful3. loose-vague4. subtle-tricky5. precise-accurate6. shift-alteration7. vague-ambiguous8. scrupulous-conscientious9. ignorance-want of knowledge 10. disadvantages-drawbacks 11. cultivating-developing 12.mistaken-erroneous 13.unimportant-trivial 14. dark-dim 15.flexible-adaptable 16. fine-subtle 17. sentimental-emotional 18. essence-quintessence19. coercion-compulsion 20. fascinating-absorbingV.1. less2. because/since/as3. not/disagree4. that5. resistance6. runners7. solve/resolve8. More9. That 10. without11.achievement/feat/accomplishment 12. in 13. do/achieve/finish 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. notAnswers to the exercises in unit 2II. Paraphrase1. What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.2. Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.3. There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday- makers.4.Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.Translation1. One man’s effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation.2. When do you think the new IT (information technology) regulations will take effect?3.The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance.4. It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs.5.There is virtually no one who is in favor of his proposal.6. Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face.7. Don’t touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk.8. He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked in the depth of his mind.Language WorkI.1-5 BABBA 6-10 DBADCII.1-5 CDBCC 6-10 CDCDCIII.1. in contras2. on the contrary3. but/except4. Apart from/ Besides5. besides/apart from6. without7. except for8. except for/ apartfrom 9. also 10. In contrast 11. Apart from/Except for 12. beside 13. on the contrary 14. In … contrastVI.1. heats2. If3. colder4. climate5. affected/influenced6. maritime7. warm/mild8. continental9. evaporates 10. absorb/hold 11.sponge/cloth 12. saturate 13. surface 14. small/tiny 15. raindrop 16. clouds 17. As 18. out 19. landAnswers to the exercises in Unit 3II. Paraphrase1. This natural ability of getting to the essence of a subject was the key to the great discoveries made by him in science-This natural gift and his unusual awareness of beauty.2. His engrossment in ideas was incredibly intense and deep. When attacking a problem difficult to solve, he kept attempting to deal with it with great effort, just as an animal chases and bites a weaker animal it preys upon until the latter gives in.3. He would look lost in thought, thinking about something distant, and yet meditating within himself. He did not seem to be in deep thought, nor did he knit his brows—he was just in self-contained peaceful contemplation.4.The theories, considered isolated one by one, was really credible, so much so that they seem to be simple and clear. But when considered together, they were so strongly contradictory to each other that a less learned scholar would have given up one or the other completely and would no longer take up the issue again.5. Einstein’s work was done quietly with pencil on paper and seemed to be far removed from the confusion of everyday life, but his ideas were so radical that they led to strong arguments and made people unreasonably angry.III. Translation(1) He honked his car horn to alert the pedestrians.(2) The fast development of Information Technology is an outstanding example of human endeavour.(3) Mary groped for the appropriate words to express her indebtedness to her teacher.(4) The school principal’s plain words conveyed a message of challenge to the young people.(5) Don’t tamper with the wires, or you may cause a short circuit.(6) He thought he could beat everyone at the competition, but his excessive confidence failed him.(7) What he said seemed simple and clear, but there was an implied meaning that we couldn’t quite fathom.(8) He tried to steer the group’s random talk towards some constructive subjects.Answers to the exercises in Unit 6II. Paraphrase(1) When I got ready to enter college, I was expecting a college education in some definite fields. I was very eager to know the answers to some questions difficult to understand, and that has made me work and improve myself; especially in areas of study where there were no prompt answers, but there were endless questions.(2) When he read or recited Greek poetry, it seemed that what was described in the verse became alive; both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautiful music, and I, just like him, was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry, but only a student of Greek culture and poetry, in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.(3) “Come on, boy. The world belongs to you—you are expected to do creative thinking and to act creatively for the world. There is still a lot to be accomplished, and a lot to be found out. No poem written can be called the greatest and no railroad built can be the best. The perfect state has yet to be conceived. Everything has yet to be done.(4) What I was hearing was the unrestrained, earnest, and sparkling interchanges of great intellect as sharp as first-rate tools. They were always polite, speaking one at a time; no one spoke to anyone in secret and no one digressed; they all spoke when there was an issue everyone was interested in; and while they were explaining something, anyone, no matter whether he was for or against the issue, would tell others what he knew about a philosopher’s opinion or a poet’s phrase in order to clarify or to beautify the theme.III. Translate1. Can you make out the meaning of his long-winded harangue?2. Being worried about his exam results, he was not in the least attentive to the visiting professor’s lecture.3. Is it easier for a child or a grown-up to pick up the rudiments of a foreign language in a short period of time?4. Did what he said about the short-term training course appeal to you?5. The biography of the great scientist inspired him to greater efforts in doing research.6. Should we be indifferent to the living conditions of the people in the lower income bracket?7. The decision made recently by the school board had little to bear on our curriculum.8. The ship was so strongly built that it can withstand any storm.Language WorkI 1-5. ABCBD 6-10. BBBADAnswers to the exercises in unit 7II. Paraphrase1. In my opinion, gifted children are children who are specially endowed with natural abilities which rank high on testing scales.2. I am of the opinion that children should be grouped according to their interest and ability and be subject to a form of training that will develop their abilities and capabilities to the utmost.3. It is the teacher, rather than the way that the classes are formed, that influences the students in how they look at differences in ability among themselves.4.I am confident that if teachers are aware of individual differences and motivate young people in different ways, the students will develop through cultivating their own interests and abilities.III. Translate1. Her questions about the functioning of the software manifest a great interest in Information Technology on her part.2. We have no grounds to prove the validity of the theory of the “missing link.”3. To a certain extent, his reasoning is valid, but not as a general rule.4. His tireless efforts yielded great fruits –a new theory in genetics.5. Don’t think that all great scientists are endowed with special talents –it’s 99% of perspiration and only 1% of inspiration that make them great.6. What criteria did you use when you elected the chairperson of the Students’ Union?7. Can you identify the handwriting of all your students?8. Whether or not the outcome is successful lies with the efforts made by the candidates.Language WorkI.1-5 ACBDC 6-10. DACBB 11-15 ADACA 16-20 BBCADAnswers to the exercises in Unit 8II. Paraphrase.1.People spend much of their life time trying hard to keep things in good shape. They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.2. Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphy’s Law, so they are not reliable.3. Look at the artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in a museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decided the quality of these items.4. If a handmade basket or boat is made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boat.5. My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather than the technological relationship between producer and product that makes “handmade” items so highly regarded.III. Translate1. The harsh reality of daily life dispelled all his hopes for a bright future.2. Our sports meet will be postponed to next week because of the unpredictable weather.3. Every visitor to this exhibition must show his/her identity card no matter who he/she is.4. The renovation plan for the old city centre is subject to the approval of the municipal government.5. His hopes withered away after he had experienced one failure after another.6. E-mail is so quick and convenient in sending messages that it may soon replace ordinary mail service.7. The sight of the Great Wall evoked a sense of wonder in him.8. The maintenance of quality-control instrument can be very costly.Language WorkI 1-5. ABADA 6-10. CCBDB 11-15. DCBCD 16-20. ADDBDAnswers to the exercises in Unit 9II. Paraphrase1. The other was a newspaperman through and through—uncompromising, energetic, and intelligent about how to report reliable news based on facts.2. The different ways of providing news, i.e., the newspaper, television, and radio seem all to follow the belief that all news is bad news. Why is this so? Could it be because people are used to dwelling on negative news as a rule and because newspaper people are generally sensitive to such news when facing everyday happenings?3. I do not mean to propose that we make up some “good” news and use it as a remedy for the catastrophes reported on the front page. Neither do I consider good news as a thorough and detailed news story about how the local YMCA operates.4. What the news media report on us and on the world is the only information about ourselves and about the world we get. Such reportage had better be faithful to our life—and not be a distortion—because we must rely on the truthful picture of our life to make our decisions and plan our future.5. The knowledge that you come to possess by your own efforts over a long period of time does not become part of your inborn character. You may be able to earn the good life in a good society, but such good life cannot be yours permanently. If the understanding of the good life in a good society is not passed on, you will lose what you have earned.III. Translate1. If there is anything you are not clear about the device, address your inquiry to our head office.2. Before we put the new plan into practice, we had better scrutinize every aspect of it to make sure that it is practicable.3. We expect that there will be a change for the better in this area after the new regulations are implemented.4. Don’t take his words literally. He's just cracking a joke.5. The prospect of employing nitrogen fixation in agriculture is promising.6. His attempt at contriving a correcting fluid which leaves no marks on paper ended in failure.7. The non-Chinese-speaking foreigner gestured to make a request, but he just couldn’t get hi s idea across.8. Without considering the urgency of the matter, he gave us a flat refusal, once and for all.Language WorkI 1-5 BBCCC 6-10 BACAC 11-15 CC A/C BB 16-20 AAC A/B A21-22 A/B CAnswers to the exercises in Unit 11II. Paraphrase1. The more you attempt to shake off your worry, the harder it will be for you to get rid of it/have it off your mind.2. It is not a good idea to begin thinking of pursuing a hobby when you have already grown old.3. It is no good believing that you are in a p osition to enjoy at a moment’s notice any pastime which happens to catch your fancy; pleasure comes from exerting one’s talents in a hobby suited to one’s circumstances.4. Since those very wealthy people can afford to get access to almost anything they may think of and to turn the most fanciful ideas into reality, there is nothing in this world that can interest or excite them any more. To them, a new pleasure, a new excitement may very often make them even more bored about life.5. In fact, it is probably those whose work provides them with their enjoyment are those who are most in need of periodic distractions from their work.III. Translation1. His attempt at insinuating that John was the culprit turned out to be futile.2. He is very clever at improvising excuses when he fails to do what is expected of him.3. His trip to Tibet will gratify his desire to see the Potala.4. This corporation commands excellent human resources.5. Think of an alternative way of entertaining your guests. Don’t always show them VCDs.6. It is harmful to indulge in whims and caprices.7. Try not to lay your hands on anything that you are not entitled to.8. He did not come to the competition. It may well be that he had forgotten all about it.Language WorkI 1-5 ACCDA 6-10 DBBCD 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BCDBAAnswers to the exercises in Unit 12II. Paraphrase1. A person's life is, above all else, shaped by conformity to the customs passed down in his society.2. We cannot understand the complexities of human life unless we know the role of custom in all its manifestations.3. If we conduct any systematic inquiry, it is essential for us to be unbiased/ we need to be unbiased towards every component part of the subject under examination.4. While people were convinced that differences between themselves on the one hand and aboriginal and backward people on the other hand were irreconcilable, the scientific study of the human race as such was not possible.III. Translate1Conventions are different from tradition in that the former are the generally accepted standards of behavior in a society, whereas the latter refers to the customary way of thinking or behaving that has been passed down from the past to the present.2. For a long time the teachings of Confucius and Mencius held sway over Chinese society.3. His scribbling is unintelligible to anyone but himself.4. He appealed to the higher court on the premise that he was unjustly sentenced to two years' imprisonment.5. One of my classmates finds it very difficult to differentiate between the two consonants /f/ and /v/.6.The predominant feature of the botanical garden is its spaciousness.7. Do you believe that human beings have evolved from the apes?8. It is incumbent on the teachers not only to impart knowledge but also to teach the students moral principles.Language WorkI. 1-5 ACBAC 6-10 ACBAB 11-15CBAAD 16-20 BDADB。
新编英语教程5 课文+翻译(unit1~15)(学生必备)
Unit 1 hit the nail on the head 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，半截。
（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调） of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?”this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le motjuste”, 恰到好处的词。
英语综合考研李观仪《新编英语教程》考研资料
英语综合考研李观仪《新编英语教程》考研资料一、一、单元语法本单元主要涉及一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，表达“被、受、由”之意。
一般用于以下几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者It is found that Tom was murdered.有人发现汤姆被谋杀了。
（2）没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者这个市场出售新鲜水果。
Fresh fruit is sold in this market.（3）强调动作的承受者“A Tale of Two Cities” was written by Dickens.《双城记》的作者是狄更斯。
（4）有些情况如公告、通知、报纸标题等，有时用被动语态（被动结构）更适宜。
No books are to be taken out of the reading room.书籍不得带出阅览室。
现以动词do为例，列出上述四种时态的被动语态：（1）一般现在时：is / am / are + doneHow is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？（2）现在完成时：have / has + been doneAll the work has been finished.所有工作都已完成了。
（3）一般过去时：was / were + doneShe was asked to sing a song.大家要求她唱首歌。
（4）一般将来时：will / shall + be done或is / am / are going to + be done Some of you will be sent to America for further training.你们中有些人将被送到美国接受进一步的培训。
这些树将被种植在这个区域。
The trees are going to be planted in this area.二、一、单元语法本单元主要涉及复合动词的被动语态。
高级英语课程标准
高级英语课程标准一、课程概述（一）课程性质高级英语属于高年级阶段专业基础课程，是基础英语课程在高层次上的延续。
依据《高校英语专业教学大纲》，该课程旨在训练学生听、说、读、写、译、讨论和解决问题等综合英语技能，重在培养学生的阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力。
通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学、法律、宗教及自然科学等方面的名家作品，扩大学生的知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对名篇的分析和理解能力、逻辑思维能力与独立思考的能力，增强对文化差异的敏感性，巩固和提高学生英语语言技能。
（二）课程定位高级英语课程是英语专业必修的专业基础课，各高校英语专业均为高年级学生开设此门课程。
高级英语在英语本科课程设置中举足轻重，课程内容涉及到英美文学、欧美文化、语言学、词汇学、修辞学、文体学、跨文化交际、英美概况等重点课程的交叉内容，是英语本科课程教学的灵魂。
作为基础阶段综合英语课程之后的高层次专业课，该课程的教学重点在于丰富、巩固学生的语言知识结构，拓宽学生的文化视野和交际能力，提高学生获得信息和新知识的能力，使学生的语言运用能力和交际能力有扎实稳步的提高和发展。
本课程重点培养语言运用能力、人文素质、逻辑思维和独立思考能力，通过该课程的学习，有利于推动英语专业学生知识体系的整体优化。
前导课程：基础英语、综合英语、英语听力、英语口语、英语阅读、英语国家概况等。
同步课程：翻译理论与实践、语言学导论、美国文学选读、英国文学选读、高级英语写作等。
（三）课程设计思路本课程采用李观仪主编的《新编英语教程》5、6册为主要教材，以《高校英语专业教学大纲》为指导。
高级英语课程不但要提高学生的业务素质还要培养他们的思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。
在教学中要处理好业务素质教育和其他素质教育的关系，是业务教育和其他素质教育有机地融合在一切，培养全面发展的人才。
要注意学生知识结构的合理性，通过本课程的学习加强思维能力和创新能力的培养。
新编英语教程5 Unit 8 Why Nothing Works
Unit EIGHT: TEXT I1.Words and Expressions1)savant (l. 1) n.(French; literary) a man of learning, esp. a person with greatknowledge in some specified field 学者，专家，（特指）著名大科学家，大学者2)corollary (l. 2)n. an immediate inference from a proven proposition 推论；必然的结果3)shoddy (l. 2)n. of poor quality or craft. 质量或工艺差的; .翻制的, 以次充好的, 假冒的shoddy goodssyn: counterfeit; fake; phony4)elapse (l. 7)vi. slip by; pass （时间）流逝；过去n. the passing of timee.g. Five months have elapsed since he joined the army.They met again after an elapse of many years. 多年后又相逢5)forestall (l. 7)vt. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand.用先发制人的办法排斥、阻碍或防止e.g. He forestalled all his competitors. 他比所有的竞争者都占先了一步。
6)commitment (l. 8)n.The state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or toanother person or persons致力，献身，责任心a profound commitment to the family 对家庭无条件的奉献7)so much the better (l. 10) that will be better 那就更好了so much the worse 那就更糟了The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, (then) so much the better.8)be subject(ed) to (l. 11)be likely to incur or receive; exposed; be prone to 受支配, 可以...的, 常遭受...e.g. a child who is subject to colds. 易感冒的孩子Your vacation is subject to the weather. 你的假期可视天气变化而决定Everyone is subject to the law of nature. 每个人都受自然规律的支配9)artifact (l. 16) n. an object produced or by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon,or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest 人工制品, 人工生产或仿制的物品10)dispel (l. 17) vt. to rid one's mind of 消除：e.g. managed to dispel my doubts. 极力消除我的怀疑~ + notion/belief/doubt/fear etc.11)evoke (l. 28) vt. bring to mind; bring forth; call up; summon; promptactions that evoked our mistrust引起我们不信任的行为songs that evoke old memories 唤起往日回忆的歌曲12)one and the same (l. 30) 用以加强语气，表示“同一个，完全一样，完全一回事”e.g. One and the same idea occurred to each of them. 他们都产生了同样的想法。
新编英语教程5(第三版李观仪)unit-8课文及译文参考
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
高级英语教学大纲
《高级英语》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：高级英语课程类别：（1）课程模块：专业核心（2）课程属性：必修。
学分/学时：总160学时（10学分），其中理论学时：156 实践学时：4适用对象：英语专业开课单位/教研室：外语系二、课程设置目的与教学目标1、课程设置目的：高级英语是英语语言文学专业高年级阶段的一门理论与实践相结合的专业必修课，课程对象为英语专业三、四年级学生。
本课程旨在通过听说读写译五项技能的综合训练，提高学生的听力水平，阅读理解能力、语法修辞、写作能力和即席发言、连贯表达乃至辩论能力。
课程通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，提高学生的阅读速度和词义辨析能力，扩大学生知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对语篇的分析和鉴赏能力、逻辑思维与独立思考能力，巩固和提高学生的英语语言技能，尤其是语言应用能力。
2、教学目标：通过高级英语课教学，学生应达到高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会修订的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》所规定的要求：认知词汇达10000以上，能正确而熟练地使用其中5000多个单词及其最常用的搭配；能熟练掌握句子之间和段落之间的各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想；能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的文章、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品，能分析文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法等。
高级英语课程教学的重点在于提高学生阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用；正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；提高学生的语言表达能力，能用英语解释文章中的难句、要点；提高学生逻辑思维和判断评述能力，能用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、评论。
三、教学内容及要求四、教学基本要求《高级英语》课程是《基础英语》课程的延续，对学生的听、说、读、写、译等技能提出更高的培养要求。
本课程不同于《基础英语》的是它更注重阅读和写作技能的训练，更强调加强学生的创造力，要求学生从有控制的联系过渡到自然的交际。
综英3-4课程在本专业的定位与课程目标
理论课和理论实践课教学内容一、课程在本专业的定位与课程目标《高级英语》是英语专业高年级的一门专业基础课，是全面提高学生英语水平和交际能力的课程。
它是基础阶段的综合英语课程在高层次上的延续。
《高级英语》是一门训练学生综合英语技能尤其是阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的课程。
通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学、宗教及自然科学方面的名家作品，扩大学生的知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对名篇的分析和理解能力、逻辑思维能力与独立思考的能力，增强对文化差异的敏感性，巩固和提高学生英语语言技能。
二、知识模块顺序及对应的学时知识模块本课程主要以上海外语教育出版社，李观仪所编《新编英语教程》5-6册(2000修订版)为教材。
课程重点要求学生应掌握的内容有语言体系和知识与能力发展两个方面，其中语言体系知识有：（1）语法：较好的掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段，如照应、省略、替代等。
（2）词汇：通过课堂教学和其它途径认知词汇达7,000到8,000个；且能正确而熟练的使用其中的3,000到4,000个及其最常用的搭配。
（3）阅读：能读懂难度相当于美国TIMES或NEW YORK TIMES的社论和政论文章;能读懂难度相当于The great Gatsby的文学原著。
要求在理解的基础上分析文章的思想观点,篇章结构和文体风格.阅读速度为每分钟140—160个单词,理解率不低于75%。
能在5分钟内速读11,000词左右的文章,掌握文章的中心思想和大意。
（4）写作：能写故事梗概，读书报告，课程论文以及正式的书信等。
要求语言正确，表达得体并具有一定的思想深度，写作速度为30分钟200-250个单词。
（5）翻译：初步了解翻译基础理论和英汉两种语言的不同，并掌握常用的翻译技巧。
学时分配高级英语课程总计安排192学时，分布于第五、六、七三个学期。
第五学期学习第5册前七课内容，第六学期学习第5册后七课内容，第七学期学习第六册前六课内容。
新编英语教程5(第三版李观仪)unit-8课文及译文参考
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
《阅读与思辨》课程教学大纲
《阅读与思辨》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息1、课程编码：U16M12156/72、课程名称（中/英文）：阅读与思辨（1）（2）/ReadingandCriticalThinking3、学时/学分：64/44、先修课程：基础英语，英美社会与文化，阅读等5、开课单位：外国语学院外国语言文学系6、开课学期）：秋、春7、课程模块：学科基础课程8、课程类别：必修9、教材及教学参考书：《新编英语教程》5、6册，李观仪主编，上海外语教育出版社，2013年。
《英语修辞大全》冯翠华著外语教学与研究出版社，2005年《英语词汇学教程》汪榕培卢晓娟著上海外与教育出版社，2005年Goong,W:RhetoricinPracticeElbow,Peter:WritingwithPower，1998二、教学目的和任务该课程旨在培养英语专业高年级学生综合技能向高层次发展，即培养学生综合表述能力、思维能力和学习能力的综合发展。
课程通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的名家作品，扩大学生知识面、加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对名篇的分析和欣赏能力，逻辑思维与独立思考的能力，巩固和提高学生英语语言技能三、教学内容、基本要求及学时分配教学内容：在阅读方面，引导学生充分理解教材课文内容以及相关的背景知识；重视对篇章结构、逻辑关系、修辞手法、文体风格的学习，提高学生逻辑思维和判断评述的能力，同时解决阅读中词汇、语法的难点，并能够正确、灵活运用；在写作方面，训练学生注重文章的思想内容、组织结构和正确表达，逐步做到行文的得体和流畅。
基本要求：进一步提高阅读理解和写作能力，掌握语篇分析和欣赏能力及研究学习能力。
学时分配：每一教学单元一般需要3个学时完成。
四、实践教学内容和基本要求根据本学科专业的特点，本课程没有实验和上机等时间教学安排，但要求学生根据本课程教学目的与任务完成两次项目学习任务，每学期的期中和期末各一次。
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• synonym: initiate, learned person, pundit
• 2. corolቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱary (l.2)---an immediate inference from a proved proposition推论
• Neither of them know about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret.
• Additional forms of Murphy’s Law include: • To know yourself is the ultimate aggression • Friends come and go, but enemies accumulate. • If you’re feeling good, don’t worry, you’ll soon
Unit 8
Why Nothing Works
by Marvin Harris
Maggie Yuan
About the title
The title: Why--- causes
•
Nothing works----effects （functions)
• The meaning of the title: What causes things to go
• Most scientists regard it as silly nonsense. But one who doesn't is Robert Matthews. Since the mid1990s, he has discovered that many cases of Murphy's Law really can be explained by serious scientific principles.
• From 1980 until 2000, he held a graduate research professorship at the University of Florida.
Murphy’s Law
• Murphy's law is a popular adage in Western culture, which roughly states that things will go wrong in a technical system. It is often roughly stated as "if anything can go wrong, it will", though this is in fact Finagle's law.
• 他们两人并不知道这回事，因此一定是另外有 人泄露了秘密
• 3. forestall (l.7)
• 词形变化:名词:forestaller 动词过去式:forestalled 过去分 词:forestalled 现在分词:forestalling 第三人称单数:forestalls 例句与用法:
wrong so quickly and easily?
Marvin Harris (1927 - 2001)
• Dr. Harris, who called his approach "cultural materialism," was an anthropology professor at Columbia University from 1953 until 1980, including three years as department chairman.
Murphy’s Law
• Murphy's Law has been blamed for a host of everyday annoyances, from why our queue in the supermarket is so often the slowest-moving, to why it usually rains when we decide to leave our umbrella at home.
• The original Murphy's law reads: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.
• Some possible causes of an object's failure to work: mishandling, overuse, faulty parts, faulty workmanship, fake product, inferior quality
Dictionary work
get over it. • A short cut is the longest distance between two
points. • The other line always moves faster. • All warranties expire up on payment of invoice. • You will always find something in the last place
you look.
Pre-reading questions
• Have you got anything, say, a fountain pen, a MP3, or a cellphone, which goes out of order or fails to work? Do you ever ask why it doesn’t work? What are the possible causes?