人教版中考复习 《现在完成时》-详细版
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have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”， 表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已 经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或 已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时 间了”
1.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.W I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
The old man has died for ten years. W The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
* 不规则变化：需掌握规律, 逐一熟记.
Ａ:词形不变: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let
B:过去式和过去分词相同:
dig-dug-dug, feel-felt-felt
C:过去式加n /en构成过去分词:
speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke-broken
间段连用，这些动词是：①become,
④borrow, ⑥die, ⑨ leave, 等。
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延
续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
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become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),
• He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 • Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
• My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 • Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)” 疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?
b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表 示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 • Have you ever been to Canada?
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现在完成时
现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法
现在完成时的时间状语
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
have been 与have gone 比较
与一般过去时的用法比较
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现在完成时的构成
have (has）+ 过去分词
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5. 动词过去分词的构成:
*规则变化: 和过去式变化规则相同 A: 动词原形+ed: played, wanted, worked B: 以不发音的e结尾的词加d: loved, liked, used C: 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 先变y加为i, 再加ed: study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried D:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先 双写这个辅音字母， 再加ed: stopped, planned, dropped,
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现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,
现在完成时的运用(1):
1．在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和
副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连
用。.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
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Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
例句：
6. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？ Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasn’t. 不，他没去那里。
7. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？
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1.for + 一段时间 Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 单词 词组
从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
注 2): 对 for 或 since 引导的时间 状语提问 必须用how long, 决 不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here.
Take notes
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
注 1): since 也可单独使用 , 表示 “自那时起”; 另外since前也可加 上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.
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●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可
以与时间段连用。
如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
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翻 译 练 习：
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already， never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和 动词过去分词之间）
• He has just come back.
他刚刚回来。
• They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。
现在完成时的主要用法
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从 未有过的经历.
I have ever been to the Summer Palace?
(我曾去过颐和园)
I have never had a car.
(我从未有过汽车。)
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现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与①already,
②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 连用
reach--be (in/at) buy-- have
borrow-- keep
open--be open
return-- be back marry--be married
finish-- be over
become-be
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时
②begin, ③buy, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑦finish, ⑧join,
choose-chose-chosen
D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去
式,i改u变为过去分词:
begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk E:从原形变为过去分词: come-came-come, do-did-done, go-went-gone
现在完成时 ( present perfect tense)
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3.他已经回来三天了。 He has come back for 3 days. W He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 He has come here since 6 o’clock. W He has been here since 6 o’clock. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years. W I have been away from hometown for 10 years.
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
leave-- be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
come/go (to) be -- (in/at) start/begin-be on
arrive (at/in)-be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at) close-be closed
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现在完成时的主要用法
2.表示过去已经开始,
持续到现在的动作或状 态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时 间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
past
present(now)
future
do my homework
Mother: John, clean your teeth please.
John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？
现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 -- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) -- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”， 表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已 经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或 已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时 间了”
1.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.W I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
The old man has died for ten years. W The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
* 不规则变化：需掌握规律, 逐一熟记.
Ａ:词形不变: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let
B:过去式和过去分词相同:
dig-dug-dug, feel-felt-felt
C:过去式加n /en构成过去分词:
speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke-broken
间段连用，这些动词是：①become,
④borrow, ⑥die, ⑨ leave, 等。
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延
续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
上一页
主菜单
下一页
become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),
• He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 • Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
• My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 • Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)” 疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?
b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表 示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 • Have you ever been to Canada?
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现在完成时
现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法
现在完成时的时间状语
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
have been 与have gone 比较
与一般过去时的用法比较
上一页 主菜单
下一页
现在完成时的构成
have (has）+ 过去分词
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主菜单
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5. 动词过去分词的构成:
*规则变化: 和过去式变化规则相同 A: 动词原形+ed: played, wanted, worked B: 以不发音的e结尾的词加d: loved, liked, used C: 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 先变y加为i, 再加ed: study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried D:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先 双写这个辅音字母， 再加ed: stopped, planned, dropped,
上一页
主菜单
下一页
现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,
现在完成时的运用(1):
1．在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和
副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连
用。.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
上一页
主菜单
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Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
例句：
6. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？ Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasn’t. 不，他没去那里。
7. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？
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1.for + 一段时间 Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 单词 词组
从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
注 2): 对 for 或 since 引导的时间 状语提问 必须用how long, 决 不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here.
Take notes
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
注 1): since 也可单独使用 , 表示 “自那时起”; 另外since前也可加 上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.
上一页
主菜单
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●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可
以与时间段连用。
如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
上一页 主菜单
下一页
翻 译 练 习：
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already， never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和 动词过去分词之间）
• He has just come back.
他刚刚回来。
• They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。
现在完成时的主要用法
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从 未有过的经历.
I have ever been to the Summer Palace?
(我曾去过颐和园)
I have never had a car.
(我从未有过汽车。)
上一页
主菜单
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现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与①already,
②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 连用
reach--be (in/at) buy-- have
borrow-- keep
open--be open
return-- be back marry--be married
finish-- be over
become-be
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时
②begin, ③buy, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑦finish, ⑧join,
choose-chose-chosen
D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去
式,i改u变为过去分词:
begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk E:从原形变为过去分词: come-came-come, do-did-done, go-went-gone
现在完成时 ( present perfect tense)
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3.他已经回来三天了。 He has come back for 3 days. W He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 He has come here since 6 o’clock. W He has been here since 6 o’clock. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years. W I have been away from hometown for 10 years.
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
leave-- be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
come/go (to) be -- (in/at) start/begin-be on
arrive (at/in)-be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at) close-be closed
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现在完成时的主要用法
2.表示过去已经开始,
持续到现在的动作或状 态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时 间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
past
present(now)
future
do my homework
Mother: John, clean your teeth please.
John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？
现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 -- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) -- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)