直接宾语和间接宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语

直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号“”括起来。

用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句直接引语是述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化

“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends

Sarah said to her friends

Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为述语序。

直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。

直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。

Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?

They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

Why do you fall asleep in class ?

( They asked him )

They asked him why he fell asleep in class

直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.

并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell, ask, order ,beg ，advise等动词。

直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

•述句

•用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb.

that，不可直接说told that

•He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”

He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.

一般疑问句

•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是述句的语序

•He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”

•He asked whether I was interested in English.

特殊疑问句

•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为述句语序

•He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”

He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country

选择疑问句

•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…

•He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”

•He asked me whether I spoke English or French.

•I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”

•I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

•谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：

• 1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变

•The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west

2. 如果直接引语所表述的容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变

The children said, “We love this game

They told us that they love that game.

3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变

She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”

She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:

1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候

2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时

3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时

4. 当引语是谚语、格言时

5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时