同位语从句 高中详细讲解整合版 练习

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同位语从句

语法精解(一)

1. 同位语the Appositive

同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名

词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情

况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短

语或从句充当。

同位语的表现形式有以下几种:

(1) 名词

Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

(2) 代词

I myself will do the experiment.

(3) 数词

She is the oldest among them six.

(4) 从句

He told me the news that the plane had

exploded.

他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。

(5) 由such as, that is引导

Some subjects, such as maths and physics,

are very difficult to learn.

某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。

(6) 由of引导

The city of Beijing has been greatly

changed since 2000.

自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很

大的变化。

(7) 由or引导

The freezing temperature, or

freezing point, is the temperature at

which water freezes under ordinary

pressure.

结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结

冰时的温度。

一.同位语从句的概念。

做同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。

带同位语从句的名词有: news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, certainty等。

引导同位语从句的有:连词(that,whether),连接代词(who,which,what)和连接副词(when,where,why,how等。

二.同位语从句的连接词。

1.由连接词that和whether引导的同位语从句,that和whether只起连接作用,不

在从句中做任何成分。注意:表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不用if来

引导同位语从句。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。特别注意which + n)如:

l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

I have no idea which one I should choose.

他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

I gave the girl a big doll , exactly what she longed to have.

例1:There is no doubt ___________ prices of cars will go down.

例2:I have no idea ____________ he’ll agree with my idea.

我不知道他是否会同意我的观点。

例3:It remains a problem _____________ they can prevent the river from being polluted.

他们是否能够阻止这条河受到污染还是个问题。

2.由连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how引导的同位语

从句,此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。

例1:The question __________ should go abroad required consideration.

例2:I have no idea ____________ one I should choose.

三.学习同位语从句应该注意的几点

1.表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether不用if来引导同位语从句。

2.同位语从句的引导词有时与它所解释说明的名词被其他成分隔开,构成分隔式同位

语从句。

例1:The story spreads widely that the queen likes to be surrounded with noble-looking gentlemen.

据说女王喜欢身边有一群样子高贵的绅士。

例2:A saying goes that practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧是一句谚语。

3.若被同位语从句说明的是:建议(advice,suggestion,proposal),要求(demand,

request, requirement),决定(decision),命令(order),劝告(recommendation)等名词时,同位语从句的谓语常用“should + do”,should常常被省略。

例1:I made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be brought to an end.

我提议闭会。

4.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导;no doubt(不怀疑)之后的

同位语从句用that引导。

例1:We have some doubt _________ they can complete the task on time.

我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。

例2:There is no doubt __________ he will keep his promise.

他将遵守诺言,这一点是毫无疑问的。

四,如何区别定语从句和同位语从句。

1.从语法角度看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何

句子成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接作用之外,还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。

2.从语意角度看,同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,两者可以转换为主表关系;

定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“……的”,起修饰作用。

例1:The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.(同位语从句)

可改为:The news is that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday.

例2:The news that you’ve heard isn’t true.(定语从句)

若改为:The news is that you’ve heard.则句意不完整。

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