阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练

阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练

一.做主旨大意题容易犯的错误：

1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

5. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

二.主旨大意题的出题类型.

1). 主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式:

The main idea of the passage is…

The passage is mainly about…

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

What is the passage mainly about?

2). 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题

The passage is meant to ….

The purpose of this article is to …

3). 标题(topic 或 title)类主旨大意题

The best title for the passage might be…

四。方法指导

在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。

五．练习巩固

Passage 1：

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey. Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....

Q : The author aims to tell us that __________.

A. women’s minds perform better than men’s

B. men’s minds decline more with age

C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older

D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.

Passage 2：

Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.

The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.......

William Bobinson, of Hardvard University's Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”

Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?

A. A Theft Took Place in Boston

B. B. Artworks stolen by Thieves

C. Major Works

D. Investigation into the Theft

Passage 3:

Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that

“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动性).

Q: The first paragraph tells us _______.

A. what automaticity is

B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)

C. how a child learns to walk

D. how an athlete is trained.

六．突破难点:如何做没有主题句的主旨大意题?

做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

习题精选

1. It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.

The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.

He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases ...