2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练学案(人教版)：冠词

第1讲冠词

My friend Linda is an honest girl① studying in a university①.We are of an age②，and we both drink a cup of milk③a day④.So we think a cow⑤ is very useful.

[规则感悟]不定冠词的用法

①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。

1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。

He misses the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.

他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。

2．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。

A Mr White with some big bags is waiting to see you at the school gate.

一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。

3．不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。

抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。After we prepared all the equipment for an outdoor photography，suddenly a heavy rain came.

我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨。

Tony is a famous pianist.I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.

托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。

4．有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of时，前面需要用不定冠词。如：have a knowledge of...“了解……”；have a good understanding of...“对……有很好的了解”。

Only by reading the latest issue of this magazine can you have a knowledge of the astronauts’life in space.

只有读了这本杂志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。

5．“a＋most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very，而“the＋most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。For a great many men and women，romance can be a most important part of marriage.

对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。

It is one of the most original works of imagination in the English language.

它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。

6．不定冠词常见的固定搭配。

have a gift for有……的天赋

get a lift/ride搭便车

pay a visit to参观

lend sb a hand帮助某人

as a result因此

at a distance离一段距离

a waste of ……的浪费

be/go on a diet节食

make a living谋生

as a matter of fact事实上

in a sense/way在某种意义上

all of a sudden突然

对点练习

1．In Chinese culture，each year is related to a Chinese animal according to the 12-year cycle. 2．He not only is the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour.

3．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for a long time. 4．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible.

Mr Smith is a teacher from the United States①.He was the first② foreign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River④when a ship was wrecked.The Smiths⑤came up to help the injured⑥and saved a boy by catching him by the arm⑦.The boy’s parents said they were the kindest⑧people in the world⑨.They would remember the couple⑩ forever.

[规则感悟]定冠词的用法

①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。

1．被演奏的西洋乐器前用the，但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。

As far as I know，he likes playing the piano but doesn’t like playing football.

据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。

2．用在表计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the meter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。

I got paid by time.To be exact，I got paid by the hour.

我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。

3．定冠词的常见固定搭配：

at the moment此刻；目前

in the end最后，最终

to tell the truth说实话

on the other hand另一方面

by the way顺便说一下

in the middle of在……中间

at the same time同时

on the contrary相反

on the whole总的来说

in the distance在远处

to the point中肯；切题

make the most/best of充分利用

对点练习