动词-ing(现在分词)

动词-ing 形式 (1)
英语课程标准将“动名词”和“现在分词”合称为“动词-ing”形式。

作为非谓语动词的一种形式，动词-ing具有名词，形容词和副词的特点，它可以在句中作除了谓语以外的所有句子成分。

一．动词-ing 形式的构成
主动被动
一般doing being done
完成Having done Having been done
Not being done / not having been done
二．动词-ing 形式作定语
1）单个动词-ing形式作定语放在被修饰的名词前，叫做前置定语。

2）动词-ing短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词后，叫做后置定语。

3) having (been) done 该结构不能用作后置定语。

作用：
1）表示用途
A smoking room 吸烟室 a walking stick 拐杖drinking water饮用水
A sleeping pill 安眠药drawing board 画板parking lot 停车场Swimming pool 游泳池teaching building 教学楼changing room 更衣室Driving permit 驾驶许可证 a waiting room 候车室
2）表示动作
boiling water 正在沸腾的水developing countries 发展中国家
the setting sun 落日the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
in the following days 在接下来的几天the coming week 下一周
3) 表所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可替换成定语从句。

[备注] 此时该动词和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系
A walking man = a man who is walking
A sleeping child= a child who is sleeping.
The man standing at the gate is my grandpa.
= The man _______________________ at the gate is my grandpa.
[拓展]
The computer ___________(repair) now is my brothers.
三．动词-ing 形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。

这种表语与主语“等价”
His job is teaching Physics in middle school.
有些动词-ing形式作表语,可以说明主语的性质特征，常翻译为“令人….的”disappointing 令人失望的frightening 令人害怕的Interesting 有趣的exciting 令人兴奋的Embrassassing 令人尴尬的surprising 令人惊讶的Encouraging 令人鼓舞的puzzling 令人费解的
练习
1.The news that we failed in the competition was ______________(disappoint).
2.From my point of view, this idea was so ________________(excite).
3.My brother’s job is ________________(deliver) newspapers every day.
四．动词-ing 形式宾语补足语
该用法通常用于主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构中。

其中，宾语是v-ing 的逻辑主语
1）感官动词see ，hear, notice注意到, smell 闻到, feel , find 发现，observe 观察,look at ,listen to…
notice sb./sth. doing …注意到…正在做…
We saw a boy stealing a woman’s purse in the street.
2）使役动词“leave, have, keep , get”
leave sb/ sth. doing “让某人或某物一直处于某种状态”
练习
1.He saw the children ____________(play) in the playground.
2.I’m sorry to have kept you ____________(wait) for me for so long.
3.The child was heard _____________(cry) in the next room all night.
4．The next morning, she found the man _____________(lie) in bed, dead.
5．Do you hear someone ___________(knock) at the door
五．动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间，原因，结果，条件，行为方式，伴随或补充说明。

备注：
1）v-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。

(破题)
2为了使作状语的v-ing 形式所表达更明确，可在前面加上适当的连词(as, because, since, once, though, while, unless …)
[解题策略]
1．观察逗号“,”前后是否有连词，若没有，则应选择非谓语
2．找到句子主语，分析空白处单词和主语之间是否为主动关系
3．分析填空处单词和主句动词是否几乎同时发生（doing）；若在主句动词之前发生，则选用完成式（having done）
原因状语
Because she was ill, she didn’t attend the meeting.
= Being ill, s he didn’t attend the meeting.
________状语
When they hear the news, they all jumped with great joy.
= Hearing the news, they all jumped with great joy.
条件状语
If you work hard, you’ll succeed. (条件状语)
= ___________________, you’ll succeed.
________状语
My car was caught in the heavy traffic jam, causing the delay.
________状语
The students are all in the classroom, doing their homework carefully.
Practice！！！！
1.When___________(see) the cat, the mouse ran off.
2.__________________(live) in London for years, I almost know every place quite
well.
3.____________(work) hard, you’ll succeed.
4.Once ________________(lose) the chance, you can’t easily find it.
5.________________(look) out from the window, we found a beautiful garden.
6.They sat in front of the teaching building, ________(laugh) and talking.
7.He turned off the lights, ________(see) nothing.
8.____________(walk) in the street, he caught sight of one of his close friends.
9. ________________(tell) many times, I still long to watch the movie one more time.
六．v-ing 形式的否定式(直接在v-ing形式前面加not等否定词汇)
1．__________________(know的否定式) her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
2．_____________(realize的否定) that he was in great danger, Eric walker deeper into the forest.
七．一般式和完成式的区别
当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生时用一般式(doing)；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式(having done)。

如：
_____________(see) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could.
______________(study)English for three years, he can read brief stories in English.
八．独立主格结构
The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off.
Spring coming, the fields are full of life.
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时，往往在非谓语的前面加上自己的逻辑主语，这种“名词/代词+非谓语动词”结构与句子主语没有任何逻辑关系，被称为独立主格结构。

它是一种从属结构，不能单独成句。

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

There _____(be) no bus, we had to go back home on foot.
More time ______(give), we would have done it much better.
Weather __________(permit), we’ll go to visit the Great Wall.
单句改错
1．Having received the reply, he decided to write to him again.
2．While read the book, he wrote down a great many beautiful sentences.
3．We had a good rest in the waited room.
4．Do you know the man ran after He Yi cen
5．This is such an interested news for us.
6．The weather is fine, they decided to go out for a walk.
7．The war lasted nearly a month, leaved nothing.
8．Seen from the top of the mountain, we can enjoy the most beautiful view of Chong Qing.。