英语动词现在分词的变化规则
动词的现在分词的变化规则
动词的现在分词的变化规则
一般情况下,动词的现在分词形式是在原词的基础上加上-ing后缀。
1. 一般动词:原词去掉末尾的-e,再加上-ing。
take → taking
2. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词:双写结尾的辅音字母,
再加上-ing。
例:run → running
swim → swimming
3. 以不重读的闭音节结尾,并且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双
写结尾的辅音字母,再加上-ing。
例:sit → sitting
drop → dropping
4. 以-ie结尾的动词:把-ie改为-y,再加上-ing。
例:lie → lying
die → dying
5. 以y结尾的辅音字母前面有元音字母的动词:直接加上-ing。
例:play → playing
say → saying
以上所述是一般的变化规则,也有些动词的现在分词形式有特殊变化,需要具体根据动词的不规则变化来确定。
动词分词变化规则
动词分词变化规则动词分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)。
它们的变化规则如下:现在分词:- 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加上 -ing。
例如:walk → walking,eat → eating,talk → talking- 以不发音辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,先将 y 变成 i 再加 -ing。
例如:carry → carrying,study → studying,fly → flying- 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的动词,双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -ing。
例如:stop → stopping,commit → committing,forget → forgetting- 有些动词形式会改变,变化规则不一定相同,如:begin → beginning,go → going,lie → lying,see → seeing过去分词:- 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加上 -ed。
例如:talk → talked,listen → listened,play → played- 以不发音辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,先将 y 变成 i 再加 -ed。
例如:carry → carried,study → studied,fly → flown- 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的动词,双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -ed。
例如:stop → stopped,commit → committed,forget → forgotten- 有些动词的过去分词形式与原形相同,如:bet → bet,cut → cut,put → put。
现在分词的变化规则
动词的现在分词的变化规则(现在进行时)1 .一般的动词,直接在动词后加ing work -- working sleep -- sleeping study -- studying2 .以不发音字母e结尾的动词,要先去e加ing take -- taking make -- making dance -- dancing 但是see--seeing3 .重读闭音节的动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ingswim--swimming周六早晨游泳天气好get--getting (up)小明早晨未起早sit--sitting坐起忙把衣穿好put (on)-- putting begin -- beginning时间不早赶紧开始跑run--runningforget -–forgetting忘带午饭又把商店找shop--shoppingstop--stopping cut --cutting停止剪发就逃跑4 .以ie结尾的动词,把ie 变为y再加ing lie - lying 平躺/说谎tie - tying系,捆(鞋带,领带)die - dying 死祈使句一、祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议等的句子叫祈使句。
它的主语是听话人(you),一般不需要说出来。
通常以动词原形开头。
祈使句末尾用惊叹号或句号,句子用降调。
二.肯定祈使句Open the door, please.请把门打开。
Stand up,please./Sit down,please.Hurry up!快点跟上。
二、否定祈使句祈使句的否定式是在动词原形前加don’t。
如:Don’t be late again.不要再迟到了。
Please don’t forget me.请别忘了我。
Don't hate me.别恨我。
Don't worry!别着急!三、肯定句Let’s...让我们。
Let us /me...让我们/我。
否定句Let's/me not...让我们不做。
英语学习-动词的现在分词的变化规则
动词的现在分词的变化规则?
疑点:动词的现在分词的变化规则? 解析:规则如下:
1 ,一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing 如:work ---- working sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying
2,以不发音的-e结尾,先去-e , 然后加-ing 如:take ----- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing
3,重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing 如:cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
4 ,以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ing 如:lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying 什么是闭音节,什么是重读闭音节? 闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母结尾(r除外),而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。
如:sit/ film/ pen 重读音节:在双音节和多音节词中,如果某个音节符合以上规则且重读则为重读闭音节。
如:begin(gin为重读闭音节) /bi'gin/
注:重读音节比较难学,如果大家一时学不会的话,我建议大家记住一些常用的重读闭音节词就可以了。
(记住一些常见的,就足以应对考试了) 加速度学习网,让学习变得简单!。
(完整版)现在分词变化规则
(完整版)现在分词变化规则现在分词变化规则:1 .一般情况下直接加ingthink---thinkingsleep---sleepingstudy---studyingspeak---speakingsay---saying2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---wakingmake---makingcome---comingtake---takingleave---leavinghave---havingdance----dancingride----ridingwrite---writing3.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ingstop---stoppingsit---sittingrun---runningforget---forgettingbegin---beginning4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加inglie---lying5.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 。
begin,cut, get,hit, run, sit, stop, set, swim, fit, dig, forget等。
只要记住方法,把原形变单数第三人称方法1、一般情况加S2、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es3、y前是辅音改y为i加es4、特殊情况have变hasempty、empties, emptied emptiedwater、waters, watered, wateredsweep、sweeps, swept sweptmake 、makes, made, madeset、sets, set, setput、puts, put, putuse、uses, used, usedwork, works, worked worked①直接在动词的后面加上ing,如do→doing,sing→singing,comfort→comforting②以不发音的e结尾的动词,把e去掉,再加ing,如danc e→dancing,hike→hiking※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音,若发音,则不能去掉,如see→seeing③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加ing,如cut→cutting,swim→swimming④以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是:直接双写去e,ie变y ing。
英语中的变化规则
动词变现在分词形式变化规则1. 一般情况下,在动词后加-ing构成:work→working 工作sleep→sleeping 睡wait→waiting等待study→studying 学习read→reading 读talk→talking 谈话think---thinking sleep---sleeping speak---speaking 2. 不发音的-e结尾的动词去掉e后再加-ing:smile→smiling 微笑move→moving write→w riting 写wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having dance----dancing ride----riding 但是,若是发音的e结尾,则不能去e:see→seeing 看见agree→agreeing 同意3. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing(以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing) sit→sitting 坐plan→planning 计划prefer→preferring 宁愿occur ---occurred 发生begin,cut, get, hit, run, stop, set, swim, fit, dig, forget,put 等4. 以字母ie结尾的动词,通常将ie改为y,再加ing:die→dying 死lie→lying 躺tie→tying 系,捆(鞋带,领带)【注】①以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加ing,如control / controlling,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ing。
动词现在分词的变化规则
动词现在分词的变化规则:般在动词末尾直接加 ing以不发音字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e,再加ing女口 : skate ——skatingwrite --- writ ing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母, tie ___ tyingdie --- dying般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加 s , 女口: works,gets,reads 等。
2、 以s , x , ch , sh 或o 结尾的动词,在后面加 es ,ride --- ridi ng come --- coming make --- making dance --- dancinghave --- havi ngIV. 应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 如: putt ing stopp ing joggi ng ingrunning swimmi ng sitt ing begi nningshopp inggett ing以ie 结尾的动词,把ie 变成y 再加ing如: lie lyi ng女口:goes,teaches,washes 等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es,女口:study--studies,try--tries,carry--carries 等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has,女口:He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is。
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。
1大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。
在t 后读[ts],在d后读[dz],如:①stop —stops [s] ; make —makes [s]②read —reads [z] ; play —plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的,要先将“ y”变为“ i ”,然后在加“ es”读[iz]女口:fly —flies [z] ; carry —carries [z]study —studies [z]; worry —worries3、以“ s, x, ch, sh ”结尾的,在词尾加"es”,发音为[iz]女口:teach —teaches [iz]; watch —watches [iz]4、以"o”结尾的动词,加"es”,读[z]女口:go—goes [z] do —does [z]下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
现在分词的变化规则1.普通动词:格式+ing;think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studyingspeak---speaking say---saying cry---crying2.以不发音的e结尾的动词:去掉e再加ing,格式:去e+ingwake---waking make---making come---comingtake---taking leave---leaving have---havingdance----dancing ride----riding write---writing3. 以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ingstop---stopping sit---sitting run---running forget---forgetting begin---beginning cut---cutting get---getting hit---hitting set---setting swim----swimming fit---fitting dig---digging shop---shopping put---putting travel---travelling(可双写也可不双写) refer---referring prefer---preferring4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing lie---lying die---dying tie---tying现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play_____________ run______________ swim _____________make______________go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________put______________ see____________ buy _____________ love____________live_________ __ take______________ come _____________ get_____________stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________ shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes, she is .三、句型转换:1. They are doing housework. (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. The students are cleaning the classroom. ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________4.Tom is reading books in the library . (对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________四、现在进行时翻译练习1.我正在读英语。
动词的现在分词的变化规则
动词的现在分词的变化规则(现在进行时)
1 一般的动词,直接在动词后加ing
2以不发音字母e结尾的动词,要先去e加ing
3辅+元+辅(重读闭音节)的动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing
动词的现在分词的变化规则(现在进行时)
1 一般的动词,直接在动词后加ing
2以不发音字母e结尾的动词,要先去e加ing
3辅+元+辅(重读闭音节)的动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing
动词的现在分词的变化规则(现在进行时)
1 一般的动词,直接在动词后加ing
2以不发音字母e结尾的动词,要先去e加ing
3辅+元+辅(重读闭音节)的动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing。
动词原形变现在分词的变化规则
动词原形变现在分词的变化规则
一般地,动词原形变为现在分词时,需要根据不同的情况进行一些变化。
以下是几种常见的变化规则:
1. 如果动词以不发音的"e"结尾,去掉"e"并加上"-ing"。
例如:
take → taking;give → giving。
2. 如果动词以重读闭音节结尾,并且结尾只有一个辅音字母,则双
写结尾的辅音字母,并加上"-ing"。
例如:sit → sitting;run → running。
3. 如果动词以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,且结尾字母重读,则双写结尾的辅音字母,并加上"-ing"。
例如:stop → stopping;
admit → admitting。
4. 如果动词以辅音字母+y结尾,则将"y"变为"i",并加上"-ing"。
例如:carry → carrying;study → studying。
5. 部分动词的现在分词形式与原形相同。
例如:cut → cutting;put → putting。
需要注意的是,以上只是一些常见的规则,还有一些不规则的动词,
它们的变化规则需要单独记忆。
例如:go → going;see → seeing;do → doing。
动词现在分词的变化规则
动词现在分词的变化规则一般情况下,动词后面直接加ingread-reading look-looking以不发音e结尾动词,去掉e,然后加-ingtake-taking have-having以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母,然后加-ingsit-sitting run-running特殊形式的变化lie-lying句式变化:肯定句be doing 否定句be not doing 一般疑问句be动词提前到句子开头常与现在进行时态连用的词:now, listen, look等go--going call—calling read--reading write—writing take--taking come—coming sing--singing play—playing open--opening close--closingshop--shopping run--running swim--swimming sit--sitting一般将来时1.用法:表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.构成:will + 动词原形be going to + 动词原形be随主语人称和数的变化而变化,而going to 固定不变3.句式变化:a. be going to 结构变疑问句时,将be提至主语之前;变否定句在be后加notb. will 结构变疑问句时,将will提至主语之前;变否定句在will后加not4.常用于一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in ten years, in the future等。
5. will 与be going to的区别:如果表示的不是打算,意图或计划,而是未来的事实或对将来的预测等,就要用“will+动词原形”来表达( c ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be( d ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.A. isn’t workingB. doesn’t workingC. isn’t going to workingD. won’t work( d ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be句型转换a. She is a conductor of a train.(soon)She will be a conductor of a train soon.b. Li Ming is ten years old.(next year)Li Ming will be ten years old next year.c. I sometimes write to my mother in the evening.(tonight)I will write to my mother tonight.。
动词现在分词的变化规则
动词现在分词的变化规则动词现在分词的变化规则:,般在动词末尾直接加ingn . 以不发音字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再 加ing女口: skate ——skati nghav ingride --- ridi ng make --- mak ingdancingwrite --- writ ing川.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个 元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing女口: putt ing running begi nning have ---come --- com ingdance ---stopp ing swimm ing shopp ing joggi ng sitt ing gett ingIV .以ie结尾的动词,把ie变成y再加ing女口:lie ——lyingtie --- tyi ngdie --- dying一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加S,女口:works,gets,reads 等。
2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加es女口:goes,teaches,washes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es女口:study--studies,try--tries,carry--carries 等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have 改为has,如: He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are, 遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is。
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“ S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[Z]。
在t后读[ts],在d后读[dz],如:① stop —stops [s] ; make —makes [s]② read —reads [z] ; play —plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的,要先将“ y”变为"i”,然后在加"es"读[iz]女口:fly —flies [z] ;carry —carries [z] study —studies [z]; worry —worries3、以“ s, x, ch, sh"结尾的,在词尾加“ es",发音为[iz]女口:teach —teaches [iz]; watch —watches [iz]4、以“ o"结尾的动词,加“ es",读[z]女口:go—goes [z] do—does [z]下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
动词现在分词的变化规则
动词现在分词的变化规则:Ⅰ. 一般情况是在动词末尾直接加ingⅡ. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词;先去掉e; 再加ing如:skate --- skating have --- havingride --- riding come --- comingmake --- making dance --- dancingwrite --- writingⅢ.以重读闭音节结尾的动词;中间只有一个元音字母;词尾只有一个辅音字母;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加ing如: putting running beginningstopping swimming shoppingjogging sitting gettingⅣ.以ie结尾的动词;把ie变成y再加ing如: lie --- lyingtie --- tyingdie --- dying一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下;动词后直接加s;如:works;gets;reads等..2、以s;x;ch;sh或o结尾的动词;在后面加es;如:goes;teaches;washes等..3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;把y变为i;再加es;如:study--studies;try--tries;carry--carries等..4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时;have改为has;如:He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时;be改为am;遇有主语是第二人称时;be改为are;遇有主语是第三人称单数时;be改为is..一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同;请认真观察..1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s;在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z..在t后读ts;在d后读dz;如:①stop-stops s ; make-makes s②read-reads z ; play-plays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的;要先将“y”变为“i”;然后在加“es”读iz 如:fly-flies z; carry-carries zstudy-studies z; worry-worries3、以“s; x; ch; sh”结尾的;在词尾加“es”;发音为iz 如:teach-teaches iz; watch-watches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词;加“es”;读z 如:go-goes z do-does z下面几个动词变为单数时;原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化;请注意记忆.. 如:1、do du:-does dz2、say sei-says sez以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词;如果尾音是s;z时;加“s”后字母“e”发音; 与所加“s”一起读做iz.. 如:close-closes iz二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同:变“y”为“”现象双写最后辅音字母现象例词:①baby-babies②carry-carries③study-studying一、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点;而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点;但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的..现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下..一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词;结尾字母一般是t 或d..如:cut-cut-cut; hit-hit-hit; put-put-put; cost-cost-cost; let-let-let; shut-shut-shut; set-set-set; hurt-hurt-hurt; spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致;read-read-read;但发音分别是ri:d-red-red..二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的..如:come-came-come; become-became-become; run-ran-run;overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同..如:1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t..如:lend-lent-lent; spend-spent-spent; send-sent-sent2. 改变单词中间元音字母..如:sit-sat-sat; win-won-won; shine-shone-shone; hold-held-held3. 以eep结尾的动词;把eep改为ept..如:keep-kept-kept; sleep-slept-slept; sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词..如:buy-bought-bought; fight-fought-fought; think-thought-thought; bring-brought-brought; teach-taught-taught; catch-caught-caught5. 有的以ay结尾的动词;在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid..如:say-said-said; lay-laid-laid; pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化..如:have-had-had; learn-learnt-learnt; leave-left-left; lose-lost-lost; make-made-made; meet-met-met; feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i;在过去式中变i为a;在过去分词中变i为u..如:五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词;在变成过去式时;通常把元音字母变成e;在变成过去分词时;通常只在词尾加n..如:blow- blew- blown; draw-drew-drawn; grow-grew-grown; throw-threw-thrown; know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en;变成以en结尾的单词..如:rise-rose-risen; give-gave-given; take-took-taken; fall-fell-fallen; drive-drove-driven; eat-ate-eaten特殊: write-wrote-written; speak-spoke-spoken; ride-rode-ridden; get-got-gotten二、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种..1 规则变化情况例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-edlook -looked -looked luktcall -called -called kC:ldopen -opened -opened 5EupEndneed -needed-needed ni:did①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕;在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕;在元音后发音也为d②-ed在〔t、〔d〕后发音为id③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写;为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-dmove -moved -moved mu:vdphone -phoned -phoned fEundhope -hoped -hoped hEuptagree -agreed -agreed E5^ri:d以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;变y为i;再加-edstudy -studied -studied 5stQdidcarry -carried-carried 5kAridtry -tried-tried traid以原音字母加y结尾的词;直接加-edplay -played -played pleidenjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed in5dVCidstay -stayed -stayed steid末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词;双写该辅音字母;再加-edstop -stopped -stopped stCptplan -planned -planned plAndfit -fitted -fitted 5fitid以-r音节结尾的词;双写r字母; 再加-edprefer -preferred -preferred prI`f:drefer- referred -referred ri5fE:2 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则;可分为五种情况.. 1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形..cut切 ;hit打 ;cast扔;hurt伤害;put放 ;let让shut关 ;cost花费 ;set放 ;rid清除 ;2.过去式与过去分词完全同形.. 例:原形过去式过去分词find找到pay支付leave离开lend借出meet遇见keep保持lose丢失teach教sit坐lead引导win赢除3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词come来-came -comerun跑-ran- runbecome成为-became-become4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同.. 例:原形过去式过去分词give给-gave -givenfly飞-flew -flowndrink喝- drank -drunksee看见- saw -seengo去-went -goneknow知道-knew -knownwear穿-wore -wornspeak说-spoke -spoken5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn燃烧-- burned /burnt --burned /burnt learn学习-- learned /learnt --learned /learnt smell闻-- smelled /smelt --smelled /smelt spell 拼写-- spelled /spelt --spelled /spelt shine 照射-- shined /shone --shined /shone leap 跳-- leaped /leapt --leaped /leapt提示a. beat的过去式与原形同形:比:beat打击 beat过去式 beaten过去分词b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种;含义不同比:lie lied; lied说谎lay; lain躺;位于c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种;含义不同比:hang hanged; hanged处绞刑hung; hung挂;吊d. welcome欢迎一词是规则动词;不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome welcomed; welcomed正welcome; welcome误e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比:hit打 hit; hit正hitted; hitted误三、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----putlet----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hitshut----shut----shuthurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置;下蛋lay--- lain 躺下;位于;平放eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.She _____ her books on the table. ____B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought; aught; 读音是 :tbright----brought----brought think----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought catch----caught----caughtteach ---- taught ----taught2. 动词原形中的e为o;变成过去式和过去分词..get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told 3. 动词原形中i为a; …sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat4. 动词原形中i为o; …win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined 5. 动词原形中an为oo; …stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai;…say----said----said pay----paid----paid7. a动词原形中的d为t;…send----sent----sent lend----lent----lentspend----spent----spent build----built----builtb 动词原形最后一个字母改为t ; …smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lostc 动词原形后加一个字母t; …learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/d 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e; 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept keep---- kept----- kept其它meet----met----methave----had----hadhold----held----heldmake----made----madedig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard find----found----found hang----hung ----hungC.原型与过去分词相同come----came----comerun----ran----runbecome----became----become D. 原形;过去式; 和过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式;改成u变成过去分词.begin ---- began -----begundrink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式;在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---knownthrow ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown 和以上相似3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾;故把它们分为一类.a 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式;在词尾加n变成过去分词.drive----drove----drivenrise---rose---risenwrite---wrote---written 双写tride----rode----ridden 双写db 把动词原形中ea改为o; 在词尾加e变成过去式;在过去式后加n变成过去分词.speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----brokenc 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式; 在过去式后加n变成过去分词.wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozenchoose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten 双写t;加end 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat----ate----eatenbeat---- beat ---- beatenfall----fell----fallengive----gave----givensee----saw----seentake----took----takenmistake---- mistook----- mistakenhide----hid----hidden 双写dE. 没有过去分词的动词can ----- could - may---- might - shall---- should- will ---- would -其它am; is -- was-- been are--were-- been do--did--donedraw-----drew----- drawn go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown wear--- wore ---- worn不规则动词的过去式不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点;也是一个难点..同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律;总结如下:1. 把动词原形中的o改为a;变成过去式..过去分词不变.如:become—became; come—came2.把动词原形中的i改为a;变成过去式..如:begin—began;drink—drank;give—gave;ring—rang;sing—sang;sit—sat;swi m—swam ;sink—sank;3.把重读开音节中的i改为o;变成过去式..如:drive—drove;ride—rode;shine—shone;win—won;write—wrote4.动词原形中的e改为o;变成过去式..如:get—got;forget—forgot5.动词原形中的eep改为ept;变成过去式..如:keep—kept;sleep—slept;sweep—swept6. 动词原形中的an改为oo;变成过去式..如:stand—stood;understand—understood7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew;变成过去式..如:draw—drew;grow—grew;know—knew;throw—threw动词show除外;show—showed 8.动词原形中的eak改为oke;变成过去式..如:break—broke;speak—spoke9.动词原形中的ell改为old;变成过去式..如:sell—sold;tell—told10.以ought和aught结尾;且读音是 :t的过去式..如:bring—brought;buy—bought;think—thought;catch—caught;teach—taught 11.以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式..如:can—could;shall—should;will—would12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式;并且发生音变..如:hearhi —heardh :d; saysei—saidsed;meanmi:n—meantment; dream—dreamt dremt13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样..如:cut—cut; hit—hit; hurt—hurt; let—let;must—must;put—put;read—readred;set—set14. 动词的过去式有两种形式..如:dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式..如:am;is—was;are—were;build—built;do—did;eat—ate;fall—fell; feel—felt;find—found;fly—flew;go—went;have /has— had;hide—hid; hold—held;lay—laid;leave—left;lie—lay;lose—lost;make—made;may—might;run—ran;see—saw; smell—smelt;take—took;wake—woke; wear—wore一般形容词后面加ly变成副词;例如:rapid--rapidlyrecent--recentlycareful--carefullycareless--carelessly但不是所有的形容词都可以这样变成副词;例如:hard a.硬的; 坚固的; 问题; 工作等困难的; 艰苦的; 猛烈的; 确实的adv. 努力地; 辛苦地; 坚硬地; 牢固地; 接近地; 猛烈地hardly adv.刚刚; 几乎不也就是说hardly不是hard 的副词形式..英语中有很多词既是形容词也是副词lowa.低的; 浅的; 消沉的; 微弱的; 粗俗的; 卑贱的; 体质弱的adv.低下地; 谦卑地; 低声地; 低价地这得需要平时注意积累我们知道-ly 是从古英语中 liclike发展而来的..一般情况下形容词直接加-ly变为副词..如:sad悲伤的→sadly悲伤的、common普通的→commonly通常地、immediate立即的→immediately立即地、recent近来的→recently近来地等等..下面就笔者的教学实践;简要地介绍一下其变化规则..1.以辅音加读/i/的 y 结尾的形容词变为副词时;须将 y 变为 i;再加ly..例如:noisy喧闹的一noisily喧闹地a;lgry愤怒的~a;、grily愤怒地heavy重的一heavily沉重地easy容易的~ea、ily容易地busy繁忙的一busily繁忙地hap…般情况直接在后面加ly 如 careful--carefully;如果单词是以y结尾的;要把y变成i加ly 如 happy--happily答案补充lovely; friendly; lively虽然是以ly结尾; 但却是形容词; 要注意形容词和副词用法一:形容词定义;形容词用来修饰名词或代词; 表示人或事物的性质; 状态;和特征.. 形容词在句中作定语; 表语; 宾语;补语..1.作定语;一般放在所修饰词的前面.. 例如;It’s a cold and windy day.2.作表语;放在系动词的后面..例如;He looks happy today.4.作宾语补足语 e.g. You must keep your bedroom clean and tidy.5.形容词修饰something;anything;nothing;everything等复合不定代词时;须放在其后..例如;Would you like something hot to drink6.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词;应放在相应的名词之后..例如;How long is the river It’s about two hundred metres long. 7.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如;The man is ill.正 The ill man is my uncle.误8.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如;My elder brother is in Beijing.正 My brother is elder. 误9.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的10.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的 English-speaking说英语的; 11.多个形容词修饰名词时;其顺序为:限定词冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词——描绘词大小;长短;形状;新旧;长幼;颜色——出处——材料性质——类别——名词A small round table一张小圆桌A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣A famous American medical school一个非常着名的美国医学院二、形容词常用句型1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”..注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词;如good好的;kind友善的;nice友好的;polite有礼貌的;clever聪明的;foolish愚蠢的;lazy懒惰的;careful细心的;careless粗心的;right正确的;wrong错误的等..例如;It’s very kind of you to help me.=You are very kind to help me.你能帮助我;真好..It’s very rude of her to say such words.=She is very rude to say such words.她说这样的话;真粗鲁..It’s foolish of him to go alone.=He is f oolish to go alone.他单独出去太傻了..2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”..注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important重要的;necessary必要的;difficult困难的;easy容易的;hard艰难的;dangerous危险的;safe安全的;useful有益的;pleasant舒适的;interesting有趣的;impossible不可能的等..例如;It’s not easy for them to le arn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易..It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的..It’s nec essary for us to get to school on time.=To get to school on time is necessary for us.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的..3.表示感情或情绪的形容词;如glad高兴的;pleased高兴的;sad忧伤的;thankful感激的等常接不定式..例如;Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴..I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻;我非常难过..4.表示能力和意志的形容词;如ready乐意的;有准备的;able有能力的;sure 一定;certain一定等常接不定式..例如;Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人..He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校..二副词一、副词的定义表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词Adverb..副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子;用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念..二、副词的种类常见的副词分类如下:时间副词today;now;soon;recently;ago;before;since地点副词here;there;up;down;about;in;out;inside;outside程度副词very;much;enough;almost;little;quite;so;nearly程度副词usually;sometimes;never;always;often;seldom;rarely;hardly;方式副词well;fast;slowly;carefully;badly;hard;quickly;happily;well疑问副词how;when;where;why否定副词no;not;hardly;neither;nor关系副词when;where;why连接副词yet;so;however;then;how;when;where;whether;why三、副词的用法1.作状语Tom quickly picked up his bag and then went to school.汤姆赶快捡起书包;然后上学去了..方式副词修饰动词Li Mei speaks very good English. 李梅说一口非常漂亮的英语..程度副词修饰形容词Luckily;the driver was not hurt badly. 很幸运;那个司机伤得不重..方式副词修饰全句Those old people are talking and laughing there. 那些老人正在那儿谈笑..地点副词修饰动词He sometimes visits the farm with his family. 他有时和家人一起参观农场..频度副词修饰动词How did you go to school last term 你上学期是如何去上学的疑问副词修饰动词2.作后置定语The clouds above lifted later on. 天上的云很快就散去了..作后置定语修饰名词cloudsThe man upstairs felt very angry with the man downstairs.楼上的人对楼下的人非常生气..作后置定语修饰名词the manLife here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢乐..作后置定语修饰名词life 3.作表语Is Bill in 比尔在家吗She must be off now.她现在必须离开了..Time is up. Let's hurry. 时间到了..咱们快点吧4.作宾语补足语Her mother kept her away from school.她妈妈不让她上学了..Do you want to ask her in 你想让她进来吗They saw me off last week. 上周他们为我送行..四、副词的位置:1 在动词之前..2 在be动词、助动词之后..3 多个助动词时;副词一般放在第一个助动词后..注意:a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾;但宾语过长;副词可以提前;以使句子平衡.. We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well;badly糟、坏;hard等只放在句尾..He speaks English well.原级、比较级与最高级用法一、副词的比较等级和形容词的比较等级构成相似..1.比较级与最高级的构成比较级与最高级的构成分规则与不规则两种;规则变化如下:1在词尾加-er或-este.g. tall—taller—tallest fast-faster-fastest2以字母e结尾;在词尾加-re.g. nice—nicer—nicestlate—later—latest3以重读闭音节结尾;若词尾只有一个辅音字母;先双写这个字母;再加-er; -est.e.g. big—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottest4以辅音字母加y结尾;先变y为i;再加-er; -este.g. happy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviest2部分双音节词及多音节词在前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级..例如:3不规则形容词和副词的比较等级变化如下表:注意有一些副词没有比较等级..如:now;then;always;never;ever;here;there;how;usually等..等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词;very;quite;so;too例如;He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了..My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他..2.原级常用的句型结构1“甲+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如;Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大..Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍..“甲+实意动词+倍数+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如;Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快..Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍..2“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如;This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大..“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如;He doesn’t walk as slo wly as you.他走路不像你那样慢..二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词;much;a lot;far;…的多a little;a bit;…一点儿even甚至;still仍然例如;Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多..Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻..This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快..She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真..2.比较级常用的句型结构1“甲+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如;Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高..This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍..“甲+实意动词+倍数+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如;I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早..He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍..2“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”;含义是“甲最……”..例如;The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长..=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长..=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流..注意:The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长..“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”;含义是“甲最……”..例如;Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早..= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早..= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早..注意:Mike gets to sch ool earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早..迈克和汤姆不是同一个班3“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”..例如;Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩;我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个..4“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”..例如;He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了..The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮..He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了..5“the+比较级;the+比较级”表示“越……;越……”..例如;The more careful you are;the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真;犯的错误越少..6“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级;甲or乙”例如;Which is bigger;the earth or the moon 哪一个大;地球还是月球“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级;甲or乙”例如;Who draws better;Jenny or Danny 谁画得比较好;詹妮还是丹尼3.最高级常用句型结构1“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”..例如;Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的..This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的..“主语+实意动词+the+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”..例如;I jump the farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的..2“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”..例如;Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一..3“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲;乙;or丙”用于三者以上的比较..例如;Which country is the largest;China;Brazil or Canada 哪一个国家最大;中国;巴西还是加拿大“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲;乙;or丙”用于三者以上的比较例如;Which season do you like the best;spring;summer or autumn 你最喜欢哪一个季节;春天;夏天还是秋天问请问什么是祈使句答祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子..它的主语多是You 通常不说出..问祈使句的构成有什么特点答祈使句可分为肯定、否定两种形式..其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头;分两类;1.连系动词 + 表语如:形容词、名词等引起..例如:Keep quiet保持安静Be a good student 要做一名好学生2.行为动词开头..例如:Open the door 打开门吧Come here到这儿来否定形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don’t..例如:Don’t go there alone不要一个人去那里..Don’t be late for class again别再上课迟到..问在祈使句中加上please起什么作用此时的否定句怎么变答在祈使句中加上please可构成“Please…”或“…;please.”句式;please 使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌..此时的否定句应变为“Please don’t…”或“Don’t…;please”例如:Please give the book to me. / Give the book to me;please.请把那本书给我..Please don’t play with fire./ Don’t play with fire;please.请别玩火..问如何用let构成祈使句其否定句式也是“Don’t let…”吗答由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它..例如:Let me have a good rest.让我好好休息一下..以let引起的祈使句的否定形式;要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定..如否定let;则用Don’t let…向式;如否定let后面的不定式;则在不定式前加not;即用“Let + 宾语 + not+ 动词原形 + 其它..”句式..例如:Don’t let the c hildren play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球..Let’s not wait outside to gate.咱们别在门外等..问什么时候you可以出现在祈使句中答祈使句的主语通常不说出来;但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时;或为了加强语气;此时可说出主语you..例如:You feed the animals today.今天你喂动物..You sweep the floor. 你拖地板..问在肯定式的祈使句前加do起什么作用答祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用..意为“务必;一定”等..例如:Do come;please请一定来Do tell her the thing.务必告诉她此事..定义祈使句是英语的基本句型之一;表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等;往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思..祈使句一般没有主语;实际上是省略了主语“You”..句末用感叹号或句号;用降调朗读..肯定结构都以动词原形开头..例如:Catch the ball接球句子的意思是让“你”接球Go and ask the teacher.去问问老师..句子的意思是让“你”去问老师.. Put the books in your bag.把书放到书包里..Come and meet my family.来看看我家人..二、句型1.祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式;即1Do型以行为动词原形开头;例如:Sit down坐下 Stand up起立2Be型以be开头;例如:Be quiet安静3Let型以let开头; 例如:Let me help you. 让我来帮助你..注意:三种句型中Do型是最常见、最简单的一种结构..表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上Please; 构成句式:Please...或...Please.以使语气更加缓和或客气..例如:Please stand up.或Stand up;please.请站起来..Please have a rest.或Have a rest;please.请休息一下..2.祈使句的否定结构是以“D on't+动词原形”开头..例如:Don't go there;please.请别去那儿..Don't be late.不要迟到..Don't let him in.不要让他进来..Don't let the water run into the room.不要让水流进屋里.. 注意:Let's型祈使句;其否定式也可用Let's not.....如:Let's not have rest.咱们别休息了..。
动词现在分词的变化规则
动词现在分词的变更法则:之五兆芳芳创作Ⅰ. 一般在动词末尾直接加ingⅡ. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e, 再加ing 如: skate skating have havingride riding come comingmake making dance dancingwrite writingⅢ. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个子音字母,应双写末尾的子音字母,再加ing如: putting running beginningstopping swimming shoppingjogging sitting gettingⅣ. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie酿成y再加ing如: lie lyingtie tyingdie dying一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变更法则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加s,如:works,gets,reads等.2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在前面加es,如:goes,teaches,washes等.3、以子音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i,再加es,如:studystudies,trytries,carrycarries等.4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改成has,如:He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改成am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改成are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改成is.一、动词第三人称单数的变更法则及发音纪律动词原形变第三人称单数的法则与发音纪律同名词单数变单数大致相同,请认真不雅察.1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清子音后发音为[s],在浊子音及元音后发音为 [z].在t后读[ts],在d后读[dz],如:①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]2、以子音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变成“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如:fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]study-studies [z]; worry-worries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如:teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:go-goes [z] do-does [z]下面几个动词变成单数时,原词的元音部分的发音产生了较大的变更,请注意记忆. 如:1、do [du:]-does [dz]2、say [sei]-says [sez]以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”一起读做[iz]. 如:close-closes [iz]二、对比词形变更中原词词尾变更之异同:变“y”为“”现象双写最后子音字母现象例词:①baby-babies②carry-carries③study-studying(一)、不法则动词过来式和过来分词动词的过来式和过来分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不法则变更是这些重点中的难点,但这些不法则变更也不是毫无纪律可循的.现将初中英语中一些经常使用的不法则动词变更介绍如下.一、原形、过来式和过来分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d.如:cutcutcut, hithithit, putputput, costcostcost, letletlet, shutshutshut, setsetset, hurthurthurt, spreadspreadspread 特殊:动词read的过来式和过来分词虽然词形与原形一致,readreadread,但发音辨别是[ri:d][red][red].二、有些动词的过来分词与原形是一样的.如:comecamecome, becomebecamebecome, runranrun, overcomeovercameovercome三、有些动词的过来式和过来分词相同.如:1. 把单词结尾的字母d改成t.如:lendlentlent, spendspentspent, sendsentsent2. 修改单词中间元音字母.如:sitsatsat, winwonwon, shineshoneshone, holdheldheld3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改成ept.如:keepkeptkept, sleepsleptslept, sweepsweptswept4. 过来式和过来分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词.如:buyboughtbought, fightfoughtfought, thinkthoughtthought, bringbroughtbrought, teachtaughttaught, catchcaughtcaught5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过来式和过来分词中把ay 酿成aid.如:saysaidsaid, laylaidlaid, paypaidpaid6. 另有一些其它形式的变更.如:havehadhad, learnlearntlearnt, leaveleftleft, loselostlost, makemademade, meetmetmet, feelfeltfelt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过来式中变i为a,在过来分词中变i为u.如:五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在酿成过来式时,通常把元音字母酿成e,在酿成过来分词时,通常只在词尾加n.如:blow blew blown, drawdrewdrawn, growgrewgrown, throwthrewthrown, knowknewknown六、有些动词的过来分词是在原形词尾加n或en,酿成以en结尾的单词.如:riseroserisen, givegavegiven, taketooktaken, fallfellfallen, drivedrovedriven, eatateeaten特殊: writewrotewritten, speakspokespoken, rideroderidden, getgotgotten(二)、动词过来式和过来分词的变更法则动词过来式和过来分词有法则变更和不法则变更两种.1) 法则变更情况例词读音与说明动词原形过来式过来分词一般在动词原形后加edlook -looked - looked [lukt]call -called -called [kC:ld]open -opened -opened [5EupEnd]need -needed-needed [ni:did]①ed在清子音音素后发音为〔t〕,在浊子音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]②ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]③但fix的过来式和过来分词x不双写,为fixed. 以e结尾的动词加dmove -moved -moved [mu:vd]phone -phoned -phoned [fEund]hope -hoped -hoped [hEupt]agree -agreed -agreed [E5^ri:d]以子音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed study -studied - studied [5stQdid]carry -carried-carried [5kArid]try -tried-tried [traid]以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加edplay -played -played [pleid]enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed [in5dVCid]stay -stayed -stayed [steid]末尾只有一个子音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该子音字母,再加edstop -stopped -stopped [stCpt]plan -planned -planned [plAnd]fit -fitted -fitted [5fitid]以r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加edprefer -preferred -preferred [prI`f:d]refer- referred -referred [ri5fE:]2) 不法则变更英语中有些动词的过来式和过来分词形式变更不法则,可分为五种情况.1.动词原形、过来式和过来分词完全同形.cut(切),hit(打),cast(扔),hurt(伤害),put (放),let(让)shut(关),cost(破费),set(放),rid(清除),2.过来式与过来分词完全同形.例:原形过来式过来分词find(找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet(遇见)keep(保持)lose(丢失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)3.动词原形与过来分词同形例:原形过来式过来分词come(来)-came -comerun(跑)-ran- runbecome(成为)-became-become4.动词原形、过来式、过来分词形式完全不合. 例:原形过来式过来分词give(给)-gave -givenfly(飞)-flew -flowndrink(喝)- drank -drunksee(看见)- saw -seengo(去)-went -goneknow(知道)-knew -knownwear(穿)-wore -wornspeak(说)-spoke -spoken5.过来式和过来分词有两种形式例:原形过来式过来分词burn(燃烧) burned /burnt burned /burntlearn(学习) learned /learnt learned /learntsmell(闻) smelled /smelt smelled /smeltspell (拼写) spelled /spelt spelled /speltshine (照射) shined /shone shined /shoneleap (跳) leaped /leapt leaped /leapt提示a. beat的过来式与原形同形:比:beat(打击) beat(过来式) beaten(过来分词)b. lie有法则变更和不法则变更两种,寄义不合比:lie lied, lied(说谎)lay, lain(躺,位于)c. hang 有法则变更和不法则变更两种,寄义不合比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)hung, hung(挂,吊)d. welcome(欢送)一词是法则动词,不成误用为不法则动词比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)welcome, welcome(误)e.不要将不法则动词误用为法则动词比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)hitted, hitted(误)(三)、不法则动词过来式和过来分词归结A. 原形与过来式和过来分词完全相同.costcostcost cutcutcut putputputletletlet setsetset hithithitshutshutshut hurthurthurt readreadread 读音 /e/lieliedlied 说谎 laylaidlaid 放置,下蛋 lay lain 躺下,位于,平放eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.She _____ her books on the table. ____B. 过来式与过来分词完全相同1. 过来式和过来分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是[ :t]brightbroughtbrought thinkthoughtthought buyboughtbought catchcaughtcaughtteach taught taught2. 动词原形中的e为o,酿成过来式和过来分词. getgotgot sellsoldsold telltoldtold3. 动词原形中i为a, …sitsatsat spitspatspat4. 动词原形中i为o, …winwonwon shineshone/ shinedshone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, …standstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,…saysaidsaid paypaidpaid7. a)动词原形中的d为t,…sendsentsent lendlentlentspendspentspent buildbuiltbuiltb ) 动词原形最后一个字母改成t , …smellsmeltsmelt loselostlostc ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, …learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant 读音/e/d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e 发音/e/feelfeltfelt sleepsleptslept sweepsweptswept keep kept kept其它meetmetmet havehadhad holdheldheldmakemademade digdugdug hearheardheardfindfoundfound hanghung hungcomecamecome runranrun becomebecamebecomeD. 原形,过来式,和过来分词完全不合1. 把动词原形中i改成a酿成过来式,改成u酿成过来分词.begin began begun drinkdrankdrunk ringrangrungswimswamswum singsangsung2. 把动词原形中o改成e酿成过来式,在原形词尾加n酿成过来分词.blowblewblown growgrewgrown knowknewkno wnthrow threw thrown fly flew /flu:/ flown ( 和以上相似)3. 以下动词的过来分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.a ) 把动词原形中i改成o酿成过来式,在词尾加n酿成过来分词.drivedrovedriven riseroserisen writewrotewritten (双写t )rideroderidden (双写d )b ) 把动词原形中ea改成o, 在词尾加e酿成过来式,在过来式后加n酿成过来分词.speakspokespokenstealstolestolenbreakbrokebrokenc ) 把动词原形中的个体字母或字母组合改成o酿成过来式, 在过来式后加n酿成过来分词.wakewokewokenfreezefrozefrozenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgotten (双写t,加en )d) 其它过来分词以en结尾的动词eatateeaten beat beat beaten fallfellfallen givegavegiven seesawseen taketooktaken mistake mistook mistaken hidehidhidden (双写d )E. 没有过来分词的动词can could - may might - shall should- will would -其它am, is was been arewerebeen dodiddonedrawdrew drawn gowent gone showshowedshownwear wore worn不法则动词的过来式不法则动词的过来式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点.同学们应通过不法则动词的动词原形和它们的过来式找出其变更纪律,总结如下:1. 把动词原形中的o改成a,酿成过来式.过来分词不变.如:become—became, come—came2.把动词原形中的i改成a,酿成过来式.如:begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,3.把重读开音节中的i改成o,酿成过来式.如:drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote4.动词原形中的e改成o,酿成过来式.如:get—got,forget—forgot5.动词原形中的eep改成ept,酿成过来式.如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept6. 动词原形中的an改成oo,酿成过来式.如:stand—stood,understand—understood7.修改词原形中的aw /ow为ew,酿成过来式.如:draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw (动词show除外,show—showed)8.动词原形中的eak改成oke,酿成过来式.如:break—broke,speak—spoke9.动词原形中的ell改成old,酿成过来式.如:sell—sold,tell—told10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是[ :t]的过来式.如:bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught11.以ould结尾且读音为[ud]的情态动词过来式.如:can—could,shall—should,will—would12.在动词原形后加d或t酿成过来式,并且产生音变.如:hear[hi ]—heard[h :d], say[sei]—said[sed],mean[mi:n]—meant[ment], dream—dreamt [dremt]13.动词的过来式与动词原形一样.如:cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read[red],set—set14. 动词的过来式有两种形式.如:dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shinedsmell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked15.不合适上述纪律的动词过来式.如:am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hide—hid,hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,wear—wore一般形容词前面加ly酿成副词,例如:rapidrapidlyrecentrecentlycarefulcarefullycarelesscarelessly但不是所有的形容词都可以这样酿成副词,例如:hard a.硬的, 巩固的, (问题, 任务等)困难的, 艰巨的, 猛烈的, 确实的adv. 努力地, 辛苦地, 坚固地, 牢固地, 接近地, 猛烈地hardly adv.方才, 几近不也就是说hardly不是hard 的副词形式.英语中有良多词既是形容词也是副词lowa.低的, 浅的, 消沉的, 微弱的, 粗俗的, 卑贱的, 体质弱的adv.低下地, 谦卑地, 低声地, 低价地这得需要平时注意堆集我们知道ly 是从古英语中 lic(like)成长而来的.一般情况下形容词直接加ly 变成副词.如:sad(哀痛的)→sadly(哀痛的)、common(普通的)→commonly(通常地)、immediate(立即的)→immediately(立即地)、recent(近来的)→recently(近来地)等等.下面就笔者的教学实践,扼要地介绍一下其变更法则.1.以子音加读/i/的 y 结尾的形容词变成副词时,须将 y 变成 i,再加ly.例如:noisy(喧闹的)一noisily(喧闹地)a,lgry(愤恨的)~a,、grily(愤恨地)heavy(重的)一heavily(沉重地)easy(容易的)~ea、ily(容易地)busy(忙碌的)一busily(忙碌地)hap…般情况直接在前面加ly 如 carefulcarefully,如果单词是以y结尾的,要把y酿成i加ly 如 happyhappily 答案弥补lovely, friendly, lively虽然是以ly结尾, 但却是形容词, 要注意!形容词和副词用法(一):形容词定义;形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 暗示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征. 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语,补语.1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面.例如,It’s a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的前面.例如,He looks happy today.4.作宾语补足语 e.g. You must keep your bedroom clean and tidy.5.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后.例如,Would you like something hot to drink?6.暗示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后.例如,How long is the river?It’s about two hundred metres long.7.只能作表语的形容词:afraid惧怕;alone独自的;asleep 睡着的;awake醒着的;alive在世的;well安康的;ill病的;frightened惧怕的例如,The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)8.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden 木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误)9.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的10.复合形容词:snowwhite雪白的 Englishspeaking说英语的; 11.多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——资料性质——类别——名词A small round table一张小圆桌A tall white building一幢矮小的白色修建物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的玄色衬衣A famous American medical school一个很是著名的美国医学院二、形容词经常使用句型1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”暗示“某人(做某事)怎么样”.注意:这一句型中经常使用描述行动者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等.例如,It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kin d to help me.)你能帮忙我,真好.It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁.It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了.2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”暗示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”.注意:这一句型中经常使用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(需要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰巨的),dangerous(危险的),safe(平安的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不成能的)等.例如,It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易.It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师授课是很是重要的.It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是很是需要的.3.暗示豪情或情绪的形容词,如glad(欢快的),pleased(欢快的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感谢的)等常接不定式.例如,Glad to see you.见到你很是欢快.I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我很是难过.4.暗示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式.例如,Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人.He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校.(二)副词一、副词的定义暗示行动特征或性状特征的词叫副词(Adverb).副词经常使用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,用来说明时间、地点、程度、方法等概念.二、副词的种类罕有的副词分类如下:时间副词today,now,soon,recently,ago,before,since地点副词here,there,up,down,about,in,out,inside,outside程度副词very,much,enough,almost,little,quite,so,nearly程度副词usually,sometimes,never,always,often,seldom,rarely,hardly,方法副词well,fast,slowly,carefully,badly,hard,quickly,happily,well疑问副词how,when,where,why否认副词no,not,hardly,neither,nor关系副词when,where,why连接副词yet,so,however,then,how,when,where,whether,why 三、副词的用法Tom quickly picked up his bag and then went to school.汤姆从速捡起书包,然后上学去了.(方法副词修饰动词)Li Mei speaks very good English. 李梅说一口很是漂亮的英语.(程度副词修饰形容词)Luckily,the driver was not hurt badly. 很幸运,那个司机伤得不重.(方法副词修饰全句)Those old people are talking and laughing there. 那些老人正在那儿谈笑.(地点副词修饰动词)He sometimes visits the farm with his family. 他有时和家人一起不雅赏农场.(频度副词修饰动词)How did you go to school last term? 你上学期是如何去上学的?(疑问副词修饰动词)2.作(后置)定语The clouds above lifted later on. 天上的云很快就散去了.(作后置定语修饰名词clouds)The man upstairs felt very angry with the man downstairs.楼上的人对楼下的人很是生气.(作后置定语修饰名词the man)Life here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢快.(作后置定语修饰名词life)Is Bill in? 比尔在家吗?She must be off now.她现在必须离开了.Time is up. Let's hurry. 时间到了.咱们快点吧!Her mother kept her away from school.她妈妈不让她上学了.Do you want to ask her in? 你想让她进来吗?They saw me off last week. 上周他们为我送行.四、副词的位置:1)在动词之前.2)在be动词、助动词之后.3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后.注意:a. 大多数方法副词位于句尾,但宾语太长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡.We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方法副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾.He speaks English well.原级、比较级与最初级用法一、副词的比较等级和形容词的比较等级组成相似.1.比较级与最初级的组成比较级与最初级的组成分法则与不法则两种,法则变更如下:(1)在词尾加er或este.g. tall—taller—tallest fastfasterfastest(2)以字母e结尾,在词尾加re.g. nice—nicer—nicestlate—later—latest(3)以重读闭音节结尾,若词尾只有一个子音字母,先双写这个字母,再加er, est.e.g. big—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottest(4)以子音字母加y结尾,先变y为i,再加er, este.g. happy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviest(2)部分双音节词及多音节词在前面加more和most组成比较级和最初级.例如:(3)不法则形容词和副词的比较等级变更如下表:注意有一些副词没有比较等级.如:now,then,always,never,ever,here,there,how,usually等.等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too例如,He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不克不及再持续走了.My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他.(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”暗示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大.Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍.“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”暗示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快.Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍.(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如,This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大.“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如,He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢.二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然例如,Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多.Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻.This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快.She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真.(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”暗示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如,Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高.This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍.“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”暗示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如,I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早.He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍.(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”暗示“甲比同一规模的任何一团体/物都……”,寄义是“甲最……”.例如,The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长.=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河道.注意:The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长.“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”暗示“甲比同一规模的任何一团体/物都……”,寄义是“甲最……”.例如,Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早.= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早.= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早.注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早.(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”暗示“甲是两者中较……的”.例如,Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个.(4)“比较级+and+比较级”暗示“越来越……”.例如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮.He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了.(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”暗示“越……,越……”.例如,The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少.(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球仍是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮仍是丹尼?(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最初级+单数名词+in/of短语”暗示“……是……中最……的”.例如,Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的.This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的.“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最初级+单数名词+in/of短语”暗示“……是……中最……的”.例如,I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的.(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最初级+单数名词+in/of 短语”暗示“……是……中最……之一”.例如,Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一.(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最初级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较.例如,Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国度最大,中国,巴西仍是加拿大?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最初级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如,Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季候,春天,夏天仍是秋天?【问】请问什么是祈使句?【答】祈使句是用来暗示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子.它的主语多是You(通常不说出).【问】祈使句的组成有什么特点?【答】祈使句可分为肯定、否认两种形式.其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头,分两类;1.连系动词 + 表语(如:形容词、名词等)引起.例如:Keep quiet!保持宁静!Be a good student! 要做一名勤学生!2.行动动词开头.例如:Open the door! 打开门吧!Come here!到这儿来!否认形式的组成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don’t.例如:Don’t go there alone!不要一团体去那里.Don’t be late for class again!别再上课迟到.【问】在祈使句中加上please起什么作用?此时的否认句怎么变?【答】在祈使句中加上please可组成“Please…”或“…,please.”句式,please使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌.此时的否认句应变成“Please don’t…”或“Don’t…,please”例如:Please give the book to me. / Give the book to me,please.请把那本书给我.Please don’t play with fire./ Don’t play with fire,please.请别玩火.【问】如何用let组成祈使句?其否认句式也是“Don’t let…”吗?【答】由let组成的肯定式的祈使句句型为:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它.例如:Let me have a good rest.让我好好休息一下.以let引起的祈使句的否认形式,要视其在意思上否认了什么来决定.如否认let,则用Don’t let…向式;如否认let 前面的不定式,则在不定式前加not,即用“Let + 宾语 + not+ 动词原形 + 其它.”句式.例如:Don’t let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球.Let’s not wait outside to gate.咱们别在门外等.【问】什么时候you可以出现在祈使句中?【答】祈使句的主语通常不说出来,但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时,或为了增强语气,此时可说出主语you.例如:You feed the animals today.今天你喂动物.You sweep the floor. 你拖地板.【问】在肯定式的祈使句前加do起什么作用?【答】祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用.意为“务必;一定”等.例如:Do come,please!请一定来!Do tell her the thing.务必告知她此事.定义祈使句是英语的根本句型之一,表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往有暗示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思.祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”.句末用感慨号或句号,用降调朗读.肯定结构都以动词原形开头.例如:Catch the ball!接球!(句子的意思是让“你”接球)Go and ask the teacher.去问问老师.句子的意思是让“你”去问老师.Put the books in your bag.把书放到书包里.Come and meet my family.来看看我家人.二、句型1.祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式,即1)Do型(以行动动词原形开头),例如:Sit down坐下! Stand up起立!2)Be型(以be开头),例如:Be quiet宁静!3)Let型(以let开头),例如:Let me help you. 让我来帮忙你.注意:三种句型中Do型是最罕有、最复杂的一种结构.暗示请求、劝告的祈使句还经常在句前或句末加上Please, 组成句式:Please...或...Please.以使语气加倍和缓或客气.例如:Please stand up.或Stand up,please.请站起来.Please have a rest.或Have a rest,please.请休息一下. 2.祈使句的否认结构是以“Don't+动词原形”开头.例如:Don't go there,please.请别去那儿.Don't be late.不要迟到.Don't let him in.不要让他进来.Don't let the water run into the room.不要让水流进屋里. 注意:Let's型祈使句,其否认式也可用Let's not....如:Let's not have rest.咱们别休息了.Let's not sit here! 我们不要坐在这儿!。
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英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
现在分词的变化规则
1.普通动词:格式+ing;
think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking say---saying cry---crying
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词:去掉e再加ing,格式:去e+ing wake---waking make---making come---coming
take---taking leave---leaving have---having
dance----dancing ride----riding write---writing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing
stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running
forget---forgetting
begin---beginning cut---cutting get---getting
hit---hitting set---setting swim----swimming
fit---fitting dig---digging shop---shopping put---putting 英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
travel---travelling(可双写也可不双写) refer---referring prefer---preferring
4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加inglie---lying
die---dyingtie---tying
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play_____________ run______________ swim
_____________make______________
go______________ like____________ write_____________
_ski_____________
read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________
put______________ see____________ buy _____________
love____________
live_________ __ take______________ come _____________
get_____________
stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________
shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7. Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes, she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework. (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) ___________________________________________________________ __
___________________________________________________________ __
2. The students are cleaning the classroom. ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
___________________________________________________________ ___
_____________________
_____________________
3. I'm playing the football in the playground .(对划线)
部分进行提问
英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
___________________________________________________________
______
4.Tom is reading books in the library . (对划线部分进行提问) ___________________________________________________________
______
四、现在进行时翻译练习
1.我正在读英语。
I ________ ___________ English.
2.他正在写字。
He ______ _________.
3.你正在唱歌吗?是的,我在唱歌。
不,我不在唱歌。
_______ you ________? Yes, ______ ______ _________. / No,
_______ _______ _________.
4.他(她)在听音乐吗?
________ he/she __________ _______ _________?
5.你正在干什么?我正在做作业。
_______ are you _______? I'm ______ _________
_____________.
6.看!杰克正在游泳。
Look! Jack _______ __________.
7.听!她正在唱歌。
Listen! She _______ ________.
8.现在我正在打扫房间。
I ________ ________ my ________ now.
英语动词《现在分词》的变化规则
9.你姐姐在干什么?他正在看电视。
What ______ your sister _______? She ______ _______ ______.
10.他正在写一封电子邮件吗?是的。
_______ he _________ _______ _________? Yes, ______
________.
11.琳达经常在晚上做作业,但她今晚正在看电视。
Linda often _______ her _________ in the evening. But she _____ _______ ______ this evening.
12.今天天气不错。
瞧!他们正在草地上玩耍。
It is _______ today. Look, they ______ __________ on the
_______.
13.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。
I _______ go out _____ _______. It _______ _________ outside.
14.现在我们正在吃晚餐。
We ______ __________ _________ now.。